[1] N. S. Barman, S. Ghosh, and S. De, Gasification of biomass in a fixed bed downdraft gasifier - A realistic model including tar,Bioresour. Technol., Vol. 107, pp. 505–511, 2012.
[2] F. Centeno, K. Mahkamov, E. E. Silva Lora, and R. V. Andrade, Theoretical and experimental investigations of a downdraft biomass gasifier-spark ignition engine power system, Renew. Energy, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 97–108, 2012.
[3] P. Meenaroch, S. Kerdsuwan, and K. Laohalidanond, Development of Kinetics Models in Each Zone of a 10 kg / hr Downdraft Gasifier using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Energy Procedia, Vol. 79, pp. 278-283, 2015.
[4] T. K. Patra and P. N. Sheth, Biomass gasification models for downdraft gasifier: A state-of-the-art review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., Vol. 50, pp. 583–593, 2015.
[5] H. Stadler, D. Toporov, M. Förster, and R. Kneer, On the influence of the char gasification reactions on NO formation in flameless coal combustion, Combust. Flame, Vol. 156, No. 9, pp. 1755–1763, 2009.
[6] A. Slezak, J. M. Kuhlman, L. J. Shadle, J. Spenik, and S. Shi, CFD simulation of entrained- flow coal gasification : Coal particle density / size fraction effects, Vol. 203, pp. 98–108, 2010.
[7] A. Silaen and T. Wang, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer Effect of turbulence and devolatilization models on coal gasification simulation in an entrained-flow gasifier, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., Vol. 53, No. 9–10, pp. 2074–2091, 2010.
[8] S. Khanmohammadi, K. Atashkari, and R. Kouhikamali, Performance assessment and multi-objective optimization of a trigeneration system with modified biomass gasification model, Modares Mech. Eng., Vol. 15, No. 9, pp. 209–222, 2015.
[9] B. Zhang, Z. Ren, S. Shi, S. Yan, and F. Fang, Numerical analysis of gasification and emission characteristics of a two-stage entrained fl ow gasifier, Vol. 152, pp. 227–238, 2016.
[10] M. Saiful Alam, A. T. Wijayanta, K. Nakaso, and J. Fukai, Study on coal gasification with soot formation in two-stage entrained-flow gasifier, Int. J. Energy Environ. Eng., Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 255–265, 2015.
[11] W. Chen, C. Chen, C. Hung, C. Shen, and H. Hsu, A comparison of gasification phenomena among raw biomass , torrefied biomass and coal in an entrained-flow reactor, Appl. Energy, Vol. 112, pp. 421–430, 2013.
[12] X. Gao, Y. Zhang, B. Li, and X. Yu, Model development for biomass gasification in an entrained flow gasifier using intrinsic reaction rate submodel, ENERGY Convers. Manag., Vol. 108, pp. 120–131, 2016.
[13] ANSYS FLUENT 16.0 THEORY GUIDE, 2014.
[14] S. Badzioch and P. G. W. Hawksley, Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Pulverized Coal Particles, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 521–530, 1970.
[15] I. W. Smith, The Combustion Rates of Coal Chars: A Review, 19th Symp. Combust., Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 1045–1065, 1982.
[16] Y. Luan, Y. Chyou, and T. Wang, Numerical analysis of gasification performance via finite-rate model in a cross-type two-stage gasifier, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 558–566, 2013.
[17] S. A. Morsi and A. J. Alexander, An Investigation of Particle Trajectories in Two-Phase Flow Systems, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 55, No.2, pp. 193–208, 1972.
[18] J. W. E. Ranz and W. R. Marshall, Vaporation from Drops, Part I, Chem. Eng. Prog, Vol. 48(3), pp. 141–146, 1952.
[19] J. W. E. Ranz and W. R. Marshall, “Evaporation from Drops, Part I and Part II,” Chem. Eng. Prog., vol. 48(4), pp. 173–180, 1952.
[20] C. T. Crowe, M. P. Sharma, and D. E. Stock, The particle-source-in cell (PSI-CELL) model for gas-droplet flows, J. Fluids Eng., Vol. 99, No. 2, pp. 325–332, 1977.
[21] P. Basu, Gasification Theory. Elsevier Inc., 2013.
[22] S. Halama and H. Spliethoff, Numerical simulation of entrained fl ow gasification : Reaction kinetics and char structure evolution, Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 138, pp. 314–324, 2015.
[23] Rex. T. L. Ng, D. H. S. Tay, W. Azlina, W. Ab, K. Ghani, and D. K. S. Ng, Modelling and optimisation of biomass fluidised bed gasifier, Apply thermal engineering, Vol. 61, pp. 98–105, 2013.
[24] N.Nipattamakul, S.Patumsawad, and S.Kerdsuwan, An Experimental investigation of a 15 kg / hr Downdraft Biomass Gasifier for Power Generation, International Conference of Engineering and Enviorment, pp. 40–42, 2007.
[25] L.LIINANKI and N.LINDMAN, Methane Yield from Biomass Gasification at High Temperature and Pressure, Royal Institute of Technology, pp. 923–924, 1985.
[26] M. Turns, An Introduction To Combustion: Concepts and Applications. 2000.
[27] M. Vaezi, M. Passandideh-Fard, M. Moghiman, and M. Charmchi, Gasification of heavy fuel oils: A thermochemical equilibrium approach, Fuel, Vol. 90, No. 2, pp. 878–885, 2011.