مهندسی مکانیک مدرس

مهندسی مکانیک مدرس

تاثیر تغییرشکل پلاستیک ناشی از نورد بر خواص مکانیکی اتصالات غیرمشابه Al/Cu تولید شده به روش جوشکاری اصطکاکی-اغتشاشی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
دانشگاه اراک
چکیده
در این پژوهش، ابتدا جوشکاری آلومینیوم به مس با استفاده از فرآیند جوشکاری اصطکاکی-اغتشاشی انجام شد و سپس خواص مکانیکی حاصل از تغییرشکل پلاستیک ناشی از نورد، با درصد کاهش در ضخامت‌های 30 و 60 بررسی و با نمونه جوشکاری شده بدون نورد مقایسه شد. نتایج آزمون کشش نشان داد که استحکام کششی نهایی نمونه‌ها به ترتیب برای نمونه جوشکاری شده بدون نورد، MPa 99، 30 درصد کاهش در ضخامت، MPa 143 و 60 درصد کاهش در ضخامت، MPa 132 بوده و در نمونه جوشکاری شده بدون نورد، شکست از زمینه آلومینیومی رخ داده است ولی در حالت نورد شده با 30 و 60 درصد کاهش در ضخامت، شکست دقیقاً از مرز جوش بوده است. بررسی‌های ریزساختاری منطقه جوش و سطح شکست نمونه‌ها نشان داد که ترکیبات بین‌فلزی Al4Cu9 و Al3Cu که از شایع ترین ترکیبات بین فلزی دراین نوع اتصالات غیر مشابه است، در این نواحی به‌وجود آمده است. به وجود آمدن این نوع ترکیبات در مرز جوش، یکی از عوامل مهم شکست از مرز اتصال در نمونه‌های جوشکاری و نورد شده است. نتایج سختی سنجی نیز وجود این ترکیبات بین‌فلزی را اثبات کرد. با افزایش درصد کاهش در ضخامت نورد از 30 به 60، استحکام جوش با افزایش میکروترک‌ها، ناشی از همین ترکیبات بین فلزی، کاهش یافته است. در نهایت می‌توان گفت با انتخاب بهینه درصد کاهش در ضخامت در فرآیند نورد (30 درصد)، می توان استحکام کششی نهایی نمونه های غیر مشابه Al/Cu جوشکاری شده به روش اصطکاکی-اغتشاشی را به میزان قابل توجه(حدود 43 %) افزایش داد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The effect of plastic deformation induced rolling on the mechanical properties of dissimilar Al/Cu joints produced by friction stir welding

نویسندگان English

Ali Sonboli
Reza Beygi
Mohammad hossein Alirezaie majdabad kohneh
Arak University
چکیده English

In this study, aluminum-to-copper welding was performed by friction stir welding (FSW) process and then the mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated and compared with the ones rolled to reductions of 30 and 60 percent. Tensile strengths (UTS) of the joints were 99 MPa, 143 MPa, and 132 MPa, for the initial weld, 30% rolling reduction, and 60% rolling reduction, respectively and in the non-rolled weld specimen, fracture occurred from the aluminum base material but in rolled welds, the fracture occurred precisely from the weld interface. Microstructural studies of the weld region and fracture surface of the specimens showed that the Al4Cu9 and Al3Cu intermetallic compounds, which are the most common intermetallic compounds in this type of dissimilar joining, formed in these areas. The presence of these compounds at the weld interface and propagation cracking during rolling has been one of the important factors in the failure of the weld interface in the rolled specimens. Results of the hardness test also confirmed the existence of these intermetallic compounds. By increasing the percentage of rolling reduction from 30% to 60%, the welding strength decreased due to the increase in the number of micro-cracks of the intermetallic compounds. Finally, it can be said that by choosing the optimal percentage reduction in the rolling process (30%), can be significantly increased (about 43%). the ultimate tensile strength of dissimilar Al/Cu joints produced by friction stir welding (FSW).

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Friction Stir Welding
plastic deformation
Rolling
Mechanical properties
Dissimilar Al / Cu joints
[1] Y. Li, L. E. Murr, and J. C. McClure, “Solid-State Flow Visualization in the Friction-Stir Welding of 2024Al to 6061Al”, Scripta Materialia, 40, 1999, pp. 1041-1046.
[2] P. Cavaliere, R. Nobile, F. W. Panella, and A. Squillace, “Mechanical and Microstructural Behaviour of 2024-7075 Aluminum Alloy Sheets Joined by Friction Stir Welding”, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 46, 2006, pp. 588-594.
[3] P. Cavaliere and F. Panella, “Effect of Tool Position on the Fatigue Properties of Dissimilar 2024-7075 Sheets Joined by Friction Stir Welding”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 206, 2008, pp. 249-255.
[4] A. Steuwer, M. J. Peel, and P. J. Withers, “Dissimilar Friction Stir Welds in AA5083-AA6082: The Effect of Process Parameters on Residual Stress”, Materials Science and Engineering, A441, 2006, pp. 187-196.
[5] P. Bala Srinivasan, W. Dietzel, R. Zetler, J. F. dos Santos, and V. Sivan, “Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Friction Stir Welded AA7075-AA6056 Dissimilar Joint”, Materials Science and Engineering, A392, 2005, pp. 292-300.
[6] J. Ouyang, E. Yarrapareddy, and R. Kovacevic, “Microstructural Evolution in the Friction Stir Welded 6061 Aluminum Alloy (T6-Temper Condition) to Copper”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 172, 2006, pp. 110-122.
[7] T. Watanabe, H. Takayama, and A. Yanagisawa, “Joining of Aluminum Alloy to Steel by Friction Stir Welding”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 178, 2006, pp. 342-349.
[8] B. Fu, G.L. Qin, F. Li, X.M. Meng, J.Z. Zhang, C.S. Wu, “Friction stir welding process of dissimilar metals of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy to AZ31B magnesium alloy”, J. Mater. Process. technol. 218 (2015) 38-47.
[9] T Solchenbach, P. Plapper, W. Cai, “Electrical performance of laser braze-welded aluminium-copper interconnects”, J. Manuf. Process. 16 (2) (2014) 183-189.
[10] M. Abbasi, A.K. Taheri, M.T. Salehi, “Growth rate of intermetallic compounds in Al/Cu bimetal produced by cold roll welding process”, J. Alloy. Compd. 319 (2001) 233–241.
[11] P. Xue, B.L. Xiao, Z.Y. Ma, “Enhanced strength and ductility of friction stir processed Cu–Al alloys with abundant twin boundaries”, Scr. Mater. 68 (2013) 751–754.
[12] A.O. Al-Roubaiy, S.M. Nabat, A.D.L. Batako, “Experimental and theoretical analysis of friction stir welding of Al–Cu joints”, Int. J. Adv. Manu. Technol. 71 (2014) 1631-1642.
[13] H. Ma, G.L. Qin, P.H. Geng, F. Li, X.M. Meng, B.L. Fu, “Effect of post-weld heat treatment on friction welded joint of carbon steel to stainless steel”, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 227 (2016) 24-33.
[14] P. Liu, Q. Y. Shi, W. Wang, X. Wang, Z. L. Zhang, “Microstructure and XRD analysis of FSW joints for copper T2/aluminum 5A06 dissimilar materials”, Materials Letters, 62 (2008) 4106−4108
[15] YAN Yong, ZHANG Da-tong, QIU Cheng, ZHANG Wen. “Dissimilar friction stir welding between 5052 aluminum alloy and AZ31 magnesium alloy”, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 20(S1) (2010) s619−s623.
[16] LI Xia-wei, ZHANG Da-tong, QIU Cheng, ZHANG Wen. “Microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar pure copper/1350 alloy butt joints by friction stir welding”, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 22(6) (2012) 1298−1306.
[17] R. Beygi, M. Kazeminejad, A. H. Kokabi, “Butt joining of Al−Cu bilayer sheet through friction stir welding”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 22, 2012, pp. 1-5.
[18] R. Beygi, M. Kazeminejad, A. H. Kokabi, “Microstructural Evolution and Fracture Behavior of Friction-Stir-Welded Al-Cu Laminated Composites”, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A, 45A, 2014, p. 361.
[19] R. Beygi, M. Zarezadeh Mehrizia, D. Verderab, A. Loureiroc, “Influence of tool geometry on material flow and mechanical properties of friction stir welded Al-Cu bimetals Journal of Materials Processing Tech, 255, 2018, pp. 739-748.
[20] ASTM E8 / E8M-16ae1, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, (www.astm.org)
[21] ASTM E3-11(2017), Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, (www.astm.org)
[22] Prado, R., et al., “Tool wear in the friction-stir welding of aluminum alloy 6061+ 20% Al2O3: a preliminary study”. Scripta materialia,.45(1), 2001, p. 75-80.
[23] G. E. Dieter. Mechanical Metallurgy. 3rd ed., Mc Graw‐Hill Book Co., New York 1986.
[24] Reimer L. (1985) Imaging with Secondary and Backscattered Electrons. In: Scanning Electron Microscopy. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 45. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
[25] Dale E. Newbury, Nicholas W. M. Ritchie, “Is Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectrometry (SEM/EDS) Quantitative?”, Scanning, 35(3), 2013, pp. 141-168.
[26] Qiu-zheng ZHANG, Wen-biao GONG, Wei LIU, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar Al–Cu joints by friction stir welding”, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 25(6), 2015, pp. 1779-1786.
[27] ASM Metals Handbook, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials , Vol. 2, 10th Ed., USA, 1993, pp. 455-516.
[28] Pierpaolo Carlone & Antonello Astarita & Gaetano S. Palazzo & Valentino Paradiso & Antonino Squillace, “Microstructural aspects in Al–Cu dissimilar joining by FSW”, Int J Adv Manuf Technol., 79, 2015, p. 1109.