مهندسی مکانیک مدرس

مهندسی مکانیک مدرس

تحلیل حرارتی و تغییرات ریزساختار در فرآیند جوش پلاسما اینکونل718 ساخته شده توسط ذوب لیزری انتخابی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
سهیل نخودچی 1
کیومرث شاکرمی 2
هادی سلماسی 1
1 دانشگاه خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی
2 دانشجوی دکترا، دانشکده مکانیک، دانشگاه خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی
10.22034/MME.24.2.77
چکیده
اینکونل718 به دلیل خواص مکانیکی فوق‌العاده در طیف گسترده‌ای از صنایع نفت و گاز، هسته­ای، هوایی و ... استفاده می‌شود. استفاده از روش ساخت افزایشی جهت تولید قطعات با سرعت در حال افزایش می­باشد. با توجه به محدودیت­های ابعادی که در ساخت قطعات به روش ساخت افزایشی وجود دارد این قطعات در کاربردهای متفاوت باید به سایر قطعات به کمک روش­های مرسوم اتصال­دهی مانند جوشکاری متصل شوند. در این تحقیق به تحلیل حرارتی جوشکاری پلاسما یک ورق اینکونل 718 ساخته شده به روش ذوب لیزری انتخابی با استفاده از نرم افزار آباکوس پرداخته می­شود. حرارت ورودی با توزیع گوسی توسط زیر برنامه دیفلاکس با زبان برنامه نویسی فرترن به مدل وارد گردید. جهت اعتبار سنجی مدل حرارتی، اندازه­گیری دما حین انجام فرآیند جوشکاری با استفاده از ترموکوپل­انجام گرفت و تطابق نسبتا مناسبی بین نتایج آنالیز حرارتی عددی و تجربی مشاهده شد. بررسی­های میکروساختار توسط میکروسکوپ نوری بر روی نمونه­های جوشکاری شده صورت گرفت و ریزساختار فلز پایه، ذوب و منطقه متاثر از حرارت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ساختار دندریتی در ناحیه جوش و رخ دادن تبلور مجدد در ناحیه متاثر از حرارت مشهود بود. نتایج آزمون کشش نشان داد که نمونه بدون جوش دارای حد تسلیم و شکل­پذیری بالاتری است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اینکونل718
تحلیل حرارتی
جوش پلاسما
ساخت افزایشی
ذوب لیزری انتخابی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Thermal Analysis and Microstructural Changes in Plasma Welding Process Inconel718 Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

نویسندگان English

Soheil Nakhodchi 1
Kiumars Shakarami 2
Hadi Salmasi 1
1 Khajeh Nasir Toosi University of Technology
2 Khajeh Nasir Toosi University of Technology
چکیده English

Inconel 718 is used in a wide range of industries such as oil and gas, nuclear, aviation, and etc. due to its excellent mechanical properties. The use of additive manufacturing (AM) to manufacture parts is increasing rapidly Due to the dimensional limitations in the manufacturing of parts using the additive manufacturing methods, these parts must be connected to other parts in different applications with the help of conventional methods such as welding. In this research, the thermal analysis of plasma welding of an Inconel 718 sheet made by SLM method using ABAQUS software is discussed. Input heat with Gaussian distribution was entered into the model by DFLUX subprogram with FORTRAN program language. In order to validate the thermal model, the temperature was measured during the welding process using a thermocouple. A relatively good match is observed between the numerical and experimental thermal analysis results. The microstructure of the welded samples was examined with an optical microscope and the microstructure of base metal, fusion zone, and heat affected zone were investigated. The dendritic structure in the welding area and the occurrence of recrystallization in the heat-affected area was evident. The tensile test results showed that the sample without welding has a higher yield and ductility.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Additive Manufacturing (AM)
Inconel718
Plasma Welding
Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
thermal analysis
1. Kumar M SA, Mohanty UK, Simhambhatla S. Additive manufacturing with welding. 2019.
2. Yap CY CC, Dong ZL, Liu ZH, Zhang DQ, Loh LE, et al. Review of selective laser melting: materials andapplications. AIP Publishing. 2015:2.
3. J.R. Davis. ASM Specialty Handbook: Nickel, Cobalt, and Their Alloys, ASM International,. OH 44073-0002. 2000:442.
4. S. Sahin MT, I. Ozdemir, and S. Sasaki,. Modelled and measured residual stresses in a bimaterial joint. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2003:235-41.
5. Zhao Y, Li K, Gargani M, Xiong W. A comparative analysis of Inconel 718 made by additive manufacturing and suction casting: Microstructure evolution in homogenization. Additive Manufacturing. 2020;36:101404.
6. Hu X, Xue Z, Zhao G, Yun J, Shi D, Yang X. Laser welding of a selective laser melted Ni-base superalloy: microstructure and high temperature mechanical property. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2019;745:335-45.
7. Zhang Y, Hu X, Jiang Y. Study on the microstructure and fatigue behavior of a laser-welded Ni-based alloy manufactured by selective laser melting method. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2020;29(5):2957-68.
8. Brunner-Schwer C, Simón-Muzás J, Biegler M, Hilgenberg K, Rethmeier M. Laser welding of L-PBF AM components out of Inconel 718. Procedia CIRP. 2022;111:92-6.
9. Jokisch T, Marko A, Gook S, Üstündag Ö, Gumenyuk A, Rethmeier M. Laser welding of SLM-manufactured tubes made of IN625 and IN718. Materials. 2019;12(18):2967.
10. Rautio T, Mäkikangas J, Kumpula J, Järvenpää A, Hamada A. Laser welding of laser powder bed fusion manufactured inconel 718: Microstructure and mechanical properties. Key Engineering Materials. 2021;883:234-41.
11. Tabaie S, Rézaï-Aria F, Flipo BCD, Jahazi M. Grain size and misorientation evolution in linear friction welding of additively manufactured IN718 to forged superalloy AD730™. Materials Characterization. 2021;171:110766.
12. Fanous IF, Younan MY, Wifi AS. 3-D finite element modeling of the welding process using element birth and element movement techniques. J Pressure Vessel Technol. 2003;125(2):144-50.
13. Hakeem AS, Patel F, Minhas N, Malkawi A, Aleid Z, Ehsan MA, et al. Comparative evaluation of thermal and mechanical properties of nickel alloy 718 prepared using selective laser melting, spark plasma sintering, and casting methods. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2021;12:870-81.
14. Nakhodchi S, Akbari Iraj S, Rezazadeh H. Numerical and experimental study of temperature and residual stress in multi-pass welding of two stainless steel plates having different thicknesses. Modares Mechanical Engineering. 2014;14(9).
15. Choi J-P, Shin G-H, Yang S, Yang D-Y, Lee J-S, Brochu M, et al. Densification and microstructural investigation of Inconel 718 parts fabricated by selective laser melting. Powder Technology. 2017;310:60-6.
16. Liang L, Xu M, Chen Y, Zhang T, Tong W, Liu H, et al. Effect of welding thermal treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel-based superalloy fabricated by selective laser melting. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2021;819:141507.
17. Raza T, Hurtig K, Asala G, Andersson J, Svensson L-E, Ojo OA. Influence of Heat Treatments on Heat Affected Zone Cracking of Gas Tungsten Arc Welded Additive Manufactured Alloy 718. Metals. 2019;9(8):881.
18. Sivakumar J, Naik KN. Optimization of weldment in bead on plate welding of nickel based superalloy using activated flux tungsten inert gas welding (A-TIG). Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020;27:2718-23.
19. Sui S, Chen J, Fan E, Yang H, Lin X, Huang W. The influence of Laves phases on the high-cycle fatigue behavior of laser additive manufactured Inconel 718. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2017;695:6-13.
20. Li S, Wei Q, Shi Y, Zhu Z, Zhang D. Microstructure characteristics of Inconel 625 superalloy manufactured by selective laser melting. Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 2015;31(9):946-52.
21. Xu F, Lv Y, Liu Y, Shu F, He P, Xu B. Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 alloy during pulsed plasma arc deposition process. Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 2013;29(5):480-8.
22. T. Sonar VB, S. Malarvizhi, T. Venkateswaran, D. Sivakumar,. Microstructural characteristics and tensile properties of gas tungsten constricted arc (GTCA) welded Inconel 718 superalloy sheets for gas turbine engine components. Mater Test. 2020:1099–108.
23. Wagner HJ, Hall AM. Physical metallurgy of alloy 718: Defense Metals Information Center, Battelle Memorial Institute; 1965.
24. Ramirez A, Lippold J. High temperature behavior of Ni-base weld metal: Part I. Ductility and microstructural characterization. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2004;380(1-2):259-71.
25. Sonar T, Balasubramanian V, Malarvizhi S, Venkateswaran T, Sivakumar D. An overview on welding of Inconel 718 alloy-Effect of welding processes on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of joints. Materials Characterization. 2021;174:110997.
26. Deshpande A, Tanner D, Sun W, Hyde T, McCartney D. Combined butt joint welding and post weld heat treatment simulation using SYSWELD and ABAQUS. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials Design and Applications. 2011;225:1-10.
27. Parimi LL, Ravi G, Clark D, Attallah MM. Microstructural and texture development in direct laser fabricated IN718. Materials Characterization. 2014;89:102-11.
28. K. Sivaprasad SGSR, P. Mastanaiah, G. Madhusudhan Reddy, . Influence of magnetic arc oscillation and current pulsing on microstructure and high temperature tensile strength of alloy 718 TIG weldments. Mater Sci Eng. 2006:327–31.
29. Manikandan S, Sivakumar D, Rao KP, Kamaraj M. Effect of enhanced cooling on microstructure evolution of alloy 718 using the gas tungsten arc welding process. Welding in the World. 2016;60(5):899-914.
30. Ramkumar KD, Bhalodi AJ, Ashokbhai HJ, Balaji A, Aravind S, Aravind K, et al. Effect of Mo-rich fillers in pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding of Inconel 718 for improved strength and hot corrosion resistance. Journal of materials engineering and performance. 2017;26(11):5620-40.
31. Manikandan S, Sivakumar D, Kamaraj M, Rao KP, editors. Laves phase control in Inconel 718 weldments. Materials Science Forum; 2012: Trans Tech Publ.
32. Wang Y, Liu W, Wang D, Yu C, Xu J, Lu H, et al. Simultaneously enhanced strength and ductility of TIG welds in Inconel 718 super-alloy via ultrasonic pulse current. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2021;807:140894.
مهندسی مکانیک مدرس
دوره 24، شماره 2
بهمن 1402
صفحه 77-86