مهندسی مکانیک مدرس

مهندسی مکانیک مدرس

Fractional Order Intelligent Robust Controller for a Flexible Link Robot Manipulator: Real-Time Experimental Implementation

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
Department of Electrical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
10.48311/mme.2025.96922.0
چکیده
The study introduces an effective control approach designed for a flexible single-link robotic manipulator, offering advantages such as operational capability in harsh environments, ease of component movement, and lower manufacturing and maintenance costs compared to rigid manipulators. Despite these advantages, controlling such systems remains challenging due to their nonlinear dynamics and the unwanted vibrations caused by link flexibility, which can significantly affect positioning accuracy and stability. To address these challenges, the proposed fractional-order fuzzy sliding mode controller (FO-FSMC) integrates the robustness and stability features of sliding mode control with the adaptability and decision-making capability of fuzzy logic, while also exploiting the precision and memory characteristics offered by fractional calculus. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified through practical real-time implementation on a single-link flexible robotic manipulator. The results show that the proposed FO-FSMC under different inputs exhibits superior tracking accuracy and faster convergence compared to the classical PID controller. Compared with the conventional SMC, the FO-FSMC achieved slightly higher accuracy and smoother control signals for sinusoidal and mixed inputs, while it showed significant improvement for pulse and step inputs with lower IAE and RMSE, minimum tracking error, and faster adaptation. These results establish FO-FSMC as a robust and practical candidate for real-time control of flexible manipulators, making it well-suited for diverse industrial and research applications
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Fractional Order Intelligent Robust Controller for a Flexible Link Robot Manipulator: Real-Time Experimental Implementation

نویسندگان English

Fatemeh Abbasi
Hadi Delavari
Department of Electrical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده English

The study introduces an effective control approach designed for a flexible single-link robotic manipulator, offering advantages such as operational capability in harsh environments, ease of component movement, and lower manufacturing and maintenance costs compared to rigid manipulators. Despite these advantages, controlling such systems remains challenging due to their nonlinear dynamics and the unwanted vibrations caused by link flexibility, which can significantly affect positioning accuracy and stability. To address these challenges, the proposed fractional-order fuzzy sliding mode controller (FO-FSMC) integrates the robustness and stability features of sliding mode control with the adaptability and decision-making capability of fuzzy logic, while also exploiting the precision and memory characteristics offered by fractional calculus. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified through practical real-time implementation on a single-link flexible robotic manipulator. The results show that the proposed FO-FSMC under different inputs exhibits superior tracking accuracy and faster convergence compared to the classical PID controller. Compared with the conventional SMC, the FO-FSMC achieved slightly higher accuracy and smoother control signals for sinusoidal and mixed inputs, while it showed significant improvement for pulse and step inputs with lower IAE and RMSE, minimum tracking error, and faster adaptation. These results establish FO-FSMC as a robust and practical candidate for real-time control of flexible manipulators, making it well-suited for diverse industrial and research applications

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Single Link Flexible Robot Manipulator
Sliding Mode Control
Fuzzy Control
Fractional Calculus
PID Control
Experimental Results
Uncertainties
[1]            M. Uchiyama, A. Konno, T. Uchiyama, S. Kanda “Development of a flexible dual-arm manipulator testbed for space robotics”, EEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Towards a New Frontier of Applications, vol.1, pp. 375-381, 1990, doi:10.1109/iros.1990.262413
[2]            H. Banerjee, Z. Tse, H. Ren, “Soft robotics with compliance and adaptation for biomedical applications and forthcoming challenges”, International Journal of Robotics & Automation, Vol. 33, No. 1, 2018 doi:10.2316/journal.206.2018.1.206-4981
[3]            S. Mallikarjunaiah, S. Narayana Reddy, “Design of PID controller for flexible link manipulator”, in: Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Seville, Spain, 2005, pp. 6841-6846, doi:10.1109/CDC.2005.1583262
[4]            R. Fareh, M. Saad, “Adaptive control for a single flexible link manipulator using sliding mode technique”, in: 6th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, Djerba, Tunisia, 2009, pp. 1-6, doi:10.1109/SSD.2009.4956806
[5]            H.I. Abdulameer, M.J. Mohamed, “Fractional Order Fuzzy PID Controller Design for 2-Link Rigid Robot”, International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems, pp. 103-117, 2022, doi:10.22266/ijies2022.0630.10
[6]            H. Delavari, R. Ghaderi, N.A. Ranjbar, S.H. HosseinNia, S. Momani, “Adaptive fractional PID controller for robot manipulator”, 4th IFAC Workshop On Fractional Differentiation And Its Applications, 2012,  doi:10.48550/arXiv.1206.2027
[7]            H. Delavari, A. Azizkhani, P. Shiuooei, “Design and practical implementation of a fractional order PID controller for a single flexible-link robot”, Tarbiat Modares University Journal System, vol. 17, No. 10, pp. 411-419, 2017 (in Persian), doi:20.1001.1.10275940.1396.17.10.28.6
[8]            F. Wang, P. Liu, F. Jing, B. Liu, W. Peng, M. Guo, M. Xie, “Sliding Mode Robust Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Single-Link Flexible Arm with Large Payload Variations”, vol.10, pp. 2995, 2021, doi:10.3390/electronics10232995
[9]            H. Delavari, P. Lanusse, J. Sabatier, “Fractional order controller design for flexible link manipulator robot”, Asian J Control, vol.15, No.3, pp. 783-795, doi:10.1002/asjc.677
[10]          A. Mujumdar, S. Kurode, B. Tamhane, “Fractional order sliding mode control for Single Link Flexible Manipulator”, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA), Hyderabad, India, 2013, pp. 288-293, doi:10.1109/CCA.2013.6662773
[11]          R. Fareh, “Sliding Mode Fractional Order Control for a Single Flexible Link Manipulator”, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, pp. 228-232, 2019, doi:10.18178/ijmerr.8.2.228-232
[12]          M. Raoufi, H. Delavari, “Experimental implementation of a novel model-free adaptive fractional order sliding mode controller for a flexible-link manipulator”, International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing, Vol. 35, pp. 1990-2006, 2021, doi:10.1002/acs.3305
[13]          S. Ahmed, H. Wang, Y. Tian, “Adaptive fractional high-order terminal sliding mode control for nonlinear robotic manipulator under alternating loads”, Asian Journal of Control, Vol. 23, pp. 1900-1910, 2020, doi:10.1002/asjc.2354
 
[14]          F. Hamzeh Nejad, A. Fayazi, H. Ghayoumi Zadeh, H. Fathi Marj, SH. Hossein Nia, “Precise tip-positioning control of a single-link flexible arm using a fractional-order sliding mode controller”, Journal of Vibration and Control, vol. 28, pp. 1683-1696, 2020, doi:10.1177/1077546320902548
[15] Kh. B. GaufanM. Badamasi AremuNezar M. Alyazidi, A. Nasir, “Robust fractional-order sliding mode control for robotic manipulator system with time-varying disturbances”, Franklin Open, Vol. 12, September 2025, 100287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100287
[16] O.C. Ozguney, R. Burkan, “Fuzzy-Terminal Sliding Mode Control of a Flexible Link Manipulator”, Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 179-195, 2021,
[17] B.A. Bazzi N.G. Chalhoub, “Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller for a Flexible Single-Link Robotic Manipulator”, Journal of Vibration and Control, Vol. 11, pp. 295-314, 2005, doi:10.1177/1077546305049480
[18] M.H. Korayem, S.F. Dehkordi, O. Mehrjooee, “Nonlinear analysis of open-chain flexible manipulator with time-dependent structure”, Advances in Space Research, Volume 69, Issue 2, pp. 1027-1049, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2021.10.037
[19] N. Yousefi Lademakhi, P. Moradi, M. H. Korayem, “Experimental identification of dynamic friction parameters with the intention of precision optimal control of model based robotic systems”, 2022 8th International Conference on Control, Instrumentation and Automation (ICCIA), 10.1109/ICCIA54998.2022.9737173
[20] H. Zohoor, F. Kakavand, “Timoshenko versus Euler–Bernoulli beam theories for high speed two-link manipulator”, Scientia Iranica, Vol. 20, pp. 172-178, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scient.2012.12.016
[21] ROBOTIS e-Manual v1.25.00, Instruction Packet, 2010; http://www.support.robotica.com/en/product/dynamixel/communication/dxl _pac/.
[22] ROBOTIS e-Manual v1.25.00, Kind of Instruction, 2010; http://www.support.robotica.com/en/product/dynamixel/communication/dxl_ ins/.
[23] ROBOTIS e-Manual v1.25.00, Data Sheet, 2010; http://www.support.robotica.com/en/product/dynamixel/communication/.
[24] M.R. Faieghi, H. Delavari, D. Baleanu, “Control of an uncertain fractional-order Liu system via fuzzy fractional-order sliding mode control”, Journal of Vibration and Control, Vol. 18, pp. 1366-1374, 2011, doi:10.1177/1077546311422243
[25] H. Delavari, R. Ghaderi, A. Ranjbar, S. Momani, “Fuzzy fractional order sliding mode controller for nonlinear systems”, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 15, pp. 963-978, 2010,  doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2009.05.025
[26] H. Delavari, H. Heydari Nejad, “Applied fractional order nonlinear control”, Hamedan: Hamedan University of Technology Press, 2019 (in Persian)