[1] P. Marisami and R. Venkatachalam, "Towards optimal toe-clearance in synthesizing polycentric prosthetic knee mechanism," Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 656-667, 2022.
[2] M. S. Ashrafi, M. Nazari, N. Sepehry, M. M. Rokhi, P. Samimi, and M. Attarchi. "Design and implementation of a fuzzy output feedback assistive controller for a series-elastic-actuator-driven knee exoskeleton." Modares Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 8 (2022): 541-553.
[3] J. Richard Steadman, K. K. Briggs, S. M. Pomeroy, and C. A. Wijdicks, "Current state of unloading braces for knee osteoarthritis," Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 42-50, 2016. doi:10.1007/s00167-014-3305-x
[4] W. Petersen et al., "Biomechanical effect of unloader braces for medial osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review (CRD 42015026136)," Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. 649-656, 2016.
[5] Y. Dessery, É. L. Belzile, S. Turmel, and P. Corbeil, "Comparison of three knee braces in the treatment of medial knee osteoarthritis," The Knee, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1107-1114, 2014.
[6] A. Baliunas et al., "Increased knee joint loads during walking are present in subjects with knee osteoarthritis," Osteoarthritis and cartilage, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 573-579, 2002.
[7] J. P. Walter, D. D. D'Lima, C. W. Colwell Jr, and B. J. Fregly, "Decreased knee adduction moment does not guarantee decreased medial contact force during gait," Journal of orthopaedic research, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 1348-1354, 2010.
[8] J. S. Stoltze et al., "Development and functional testing of an unloading concept for knee osteoarthritis patients: A pilot study," Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, vol. 144, no. 1, 2022. doi:10.1115/1.4053354
[9] J. E. Pratt, B. T. Krupp, C. J. Morse, and S. H. Collins, "The RoboKnee: an exoskeleton for enhancing strength and endurance during walking," in IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. Proceedings. ICRA'04. 2004, 2004, vol. 3: IEEE, pp. 2430-2435.
[10] K. Knaepen, P. Beyl, S. Duerinck, F. Hagman, D. Lefeber, and R. Meeusen, "Human–robot interaction: Kinematics and muscle activity inside a powered compliant knee exoskeleton," IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1128-1137, 2014.
[11] C. A. McGibbon, S. C. Brandon, M. Brookshaw, and A. Sexton, "Effects of an over-ground exoskeleton on external knee moments during stance phase of gait in healthy adults," The Knee, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 977-993, 2017.
[12] M. K. Shepherd and E. J. Rouse, "Design and validation of a torque-controllable knee exoskeleton for sit-to-stand assistance," IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1695-1704, 2017.
[13] K. Shamaei, A. A. Adams, M. Cenciarini, K. N. Gregorczyk, and A. M. Dollar, "Preliminary investigation of effects of a quasi-passive knee exoskeleton on gait energetics," in 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2014: IEEE, pp. 3061-3064.
[14] A. Collo, V. Bonnet, and G. Venture, "A quasi-passive lower limb exoskeleton for partial body weight support," in 2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob), 2016: IEEE, pp. 643-648.
[15] A. R. Budarick, B. E. MacKeil, S. Fitzgerald, and C. D. Cowper-Smith, "Design evaluation of a novel Multicompartment unloader knee brace," Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, vol. 142, no. 1, 2020.
[16] E. Cusin, J. Honeine, M. Schieppati, and P. Rougier, "A simple method for measuring the changeable mechanical action of unloader knee braces for osteoarthritis," IRBM, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 136-142, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.irbm.2018.02.003
[17] W. D. Lew, C. M. Patrnchak, J. L. Lewis, and J. Schmidt, "A comparison of pistoning forces in orthotic knee joints," Orthot Prosthet, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 85-95, 1982.
[18] J. D. Hsu, J. Michael, and J. Fisk, AAOS Atlas of orthoses and assistive devices e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2008.
[19] P. Walker, H. Kurosawa, J. Rovick, and R. Zimmerman, "External knee joint design based on normal motion," Journal of rehabilitation research and development, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 9-22, 1985.
[
20]
K. Liu, S. Ji, Y. Liu, S. Zhang, and L. Dai, "Design and optimization of an adaptive knee joint orthosis for Biomimetic Motion Rehabilitation Assistance," Biomimetics, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 98, 2024.
[
21]
X. Zhou, X. Liu, J. Hao, Y. Liu, and Y. Tang, "Design and evaluation of a wedge-shaped adaptive knee orthosis for the human lower limbs," Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, vol. 12, p. 1439616, 2024.
[
22]
B. A. Killen et al., "Automated creation and tuning of personalised muscle paths for OpenSim musculoskeletal models of the knee joint," Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, vol.
20, no.
2, pp.
521-
533,
2021.
[
23]
Y. Sun et al., "Study on the poroelastic behaviors of the defected articular cartilage," Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, pp.
1-
13,
2021.
[
24]
A. Javanfar and M. Bamdad, "A developed multibody knee model for unloading knee with cartilage penetration depth control," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, p.
09544119221122067,
2022.
[
25]
M. Adouni, T. R. Faisal, and Y. Y. Dhaher, "Sensitivity analysis of the knee ligament forces to the surgical design variation during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a finite element analysis," Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, pp.
1-
9,
2021.
[
26]
Q. T. Schmid, S. Ruschke, D. C. Karampinos, and V. Senner, "Development of a 3D‑knee brace joint using MRI data and a genetic algorithm," Sports Engineering, vol. 28, no. 1, p. 5, 2025.
[
27] A. Javanfar and M. Bamdad, "Knee brace control for reduction of medial compartment load," in 2022 11th RSI International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics, 2022: IEEE, publishing.
[
28] M. Bamdad and A. Javanfar, "Computational control strategy for reducing medial compartment load in knee bracing with embedded actuator," Actuators, vol. 12, no. 6, p. 256, 2023.
[
29]
K. D. Gross and H. J. Hillstrom, "Noninvasive devices targeting the mechanics of osteoarthritis," Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, vol.
34, no.
3, pp.
755-
776,
2008.
[
30]
R. Nisell, "Mechanics of the knee: a study of joint and muscle load with clinical applications," Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, vol.
56, no. sup
216, pp.
1-
42,
1985.
[
31]
R. L. Lenhart, J. Kaiser, C. R. Smith, and D. G. Thelen, "Prediction and validation of load-dependent behavior of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints during movement," Annals of biomedical engineering, vol.
43, no.
11, pp.
2675-
2685,
2015.
[
32]
M. Gao et al., "Design and optimization of exoskeleton structure of lower limb knee joint based on cross four-bar linkage," AIP Advances, vol.
11, no.
6, p.
065124,
2021.
[
33]
D. J. Hyun, H. Park, T. Ha, S. Park, and K. Jung, "Biomechanical design of an agile, electricity-powered lower-limb exoskeleton for weight-bearing assistance," Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol.
95, pp.
181-
195,
2017.
[
34]
B. Xiao, Y. Shao, and W. Zhang, "Design and optimization of single-degree-of-freedom six-bar mechanisms for knee joint of lower extremity exoskeleton robot," in
2019 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO),
2019: IEEE, pp.
2861-
2866.
[
35]
Y. Sun, W. Ge, J. Zheng, and D. Dong, "Design and evaluation of a prosthetic knee joint using the geared five-bar mechanism," IEEE Transactions on Neural
Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol.
23, no.
6, pp.
1031-
1038,
2015.
[
36]
A. Javanfar and M. Bamdad, "Development of a planar multibody model of the knee joint with contact mechanics," Iranian Journal of Biomedical Engineering,
2022.
[
37]
M. M. F. Machado, “A multibody approach to the contact dynamics: a knee joint application,” 2013.
[
38]
T. M. Guess, H. Liu, S. Bhashyam, and G. Thiagarajan, "A multibody knee model with discrete cartilage prediction of tibio-femoral contact mechanics," Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 256-270, 2013.
[
39]
K. H. Hunt and F. R. E. Crossley, "Coefficient of restitution interpreted as damping in vibroimpact," 1975.
[
40]
S. H. Heidary, and B. Beigzadeh. "Design New Cable System to Drive Exoskeleton Fingers for Rehabilitation." Modares Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 1 (2019): 201-209.
[
41]
A. Zeighami et al., "Tibio-femoral joint contact in healthy and osteoarthritic knees during quasi-static squat: A bi-planar X-ray analysis," Journal of biomechanics, vol. 53, pp. 178-184, 2017.
[
42]
C. R. Winby, G. L. David, F. B. Thor, and T. B. Kirk, "Muscle and external load contribution to knee joint contact loads during normal gait," Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 42, no. 14, pp. 2294-2300, 2009.
[
43]
C. R. Smith, K. Won Choi, D. Negrut et al., “Efficient computation of cartilage contact pressures within dynamic simulations of movement,” Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 491-498, 2018.
doi:10.1080/21681163.2016.1172346
[
44]
L. Li, and K. Gu, “Reconsideration on the use of elastic models to predict the instantaneous load response of the knee joint,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, vol. 225, no. 9, pp. 888-896, 2011.
[
45]
J. Hu, H. Xin, Z. Chen et al., “The role of menisci in knee contact mechanics and secondary kinematics during human walking,” Clinical Biomechanics, vol. 61, pp. 58-63, 2019.
[
46]
M. Q. Liu, F. C. Anderson, M. H. Schwartz et al., “Muscle contributions to support and progression over a range of walking speeds,” Journal of biomechanics, vol. 41, no. 15, pp. 3243-3252, 2008.
[
47]
G. A. Ateshian and H. Wang, "A theoretical solution for the frictionless rolling contact of cylindrical biphasic articular cartilage layers," Journal of Biomechanics, 1998.