Volume 20, Issue 10 (October 2020)                   Modares Mechanical Engineering 2020, 20(10): 2509-2519 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 20.1001.1.10275940.1399.20.10.9.8

XML Persian Abstract Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Heshmati N, Mirsajedi S. Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Burner Nozzle Length Changes on Combustion Characteristics of a Swirl Premixed Flame. Modares Mechanical Engineering 2020; 20 (10) :2509-2519
URL: http://mme.modares.ac.ir/article-15-42960-en.html
Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Burner Nozzle Length Changes on Combustion Characteristics of a Swirl Premixed Flame
N. Heshmati * 1, S.M. Mirsajedi2
1- Aerospace Engineering Department, New Science & Technologies Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran , na.heshmati@mail.sbu.ac.ir
2- Aerospace Engineering Department, New Science & Technologies Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract:   (1831 Views)
In this study, the effects of burner nozzle length changes on combustion characteristics of a swirl premixed flame are investigated. Three nozzles with different lengths (2.5, 4.5, and 7cm) have been used. Also, in order to investigate the effect of swirler geometry on the combustion characteristics of flame along with changes in nozzle length, 7 swirlers with different geometries were examined. In the study of flame stability, certain values of the bulk velocity were selected, which in these values the equivalence ratio of the fuel-air mixture was changed to determine the unfavorable flame condition such as blow-off and flame attachment to the nozzle. By determining these limits, the flame stability map was obtained in a range of different swirlers geometries, different burner nozzle lengths, and different flow mass velocities. The results showed that by increasing the swirlers radius ratio, the blow-off limit of swirlers decreases so that by increasing the radius ratio from 0.57 to 0.71, the blow-off limit decreases about 15%, and the stability of the flame is improved. Reducing the length of the nozzle increases the flame resistance against blow-off. The amount of NOx increased with equivalence ratio and the slope of the increase in NOx increased for the swirler with a higher radius ratio and the in a certain equivalence ratio, the amount of NOx of swirler with a radius ratio of 0.57, which is the lowest radius ratio among other swirlers (about 30%).
Keywords: Low-Swirl Combustion, Flame Stability, Radius Ratio, Nozzle Length
Full-Text [PDF 1278 kb]   (2272 Downloads)    
Article Type: Original Research | Subject: Experimental Fluid Mechanics
Received: 2020/05/17 | Accepted: 2020/08/18 | Published: 2020/10/11
References
1. Chan CK, Lau KS, Chin WK, Cheng RK. Freely propagating open premixed turbulent flames stabilized by swirl. Symposium on Combustion. 1992;24(1):511-518. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0082-0784(06)80065-2]
2. Cheng RK, Yegian DT, Miyasato MM, Samuelsen GS, Benson CE, Pellizzari R, et al. Scaling and development of low-swirl burners for low-emission furnaces and boilers. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. 2000;28(1):1305-1313. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80344-6]
3. Cheng RK. Velocity and scalar characteristics of premixed turbulent flames stabilized by weak swirl. Combustion and Flame. 1995;101(1-2):1-14. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/0010-2180(94)00196-Y]
4. Yegian DT, Cheng RK. Development of a vane-swirler for use in a low NOx weak-swirl burner [Report]. Barkley: Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI); 1996, DE97001252. [Link] [DOI:10.2172/414339]
5. Yegian DT, Cheng RK. Development of a lean premixed low-swirl burner for low NOx practical applications. Combustion Science and Technology. 1998:139(1):207-227. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/00102209808952088]
6. Cheng RK, Littlejohn D, Nazeer WA, Smith KO. Laboratory studies of the flow field characteristics of low-swirl injectors for adaptation to fuel-flexible turbines. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. 2008;130(2):503-512. [Link] [DOI:10.1115/1.2795786]
7. Johnson MR, Littlejohn D, Nazeer WA, Smith KO, Cheng RK. A comparison of the flowfields and emissions of high-swirl injectors and low-swirl injectors for lean premixed gas turbines. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. 2005;30(2):2867-2874. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.proci.2004.07.040]
8. Littlejohn D, Cheng, RK. Fuel effects on a low-swirl injector for lean premixed gas turbines. Proceedings of Combustion Institute. 2007;31(2):3155-3162. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.146]
9. Ballachey GE, Johnson MR. Prediction of blowoff in a fully controllable low-swirl burner burning alternative fuels: Effects of burner geometry, swirl, and fuel composition. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. 2013;34(2):3193-3201. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.proci.2012.05.095]
10. Littlejohn D, Cheng RK, Noble DR, Lieuwen T. Laboratory investigations of low-swirl injectors operating with syngases. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. 2010;132(1):011502. [Link] [DOI:10.1115/1.3124662]
11. Cheng RK, Littlejohn D, Strakey PA, Sidwell T. Laboratory investigations of a low-swirl injector with H2 and CH4 at gas turbine conditions. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. 2009;32(2):3001-3009. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.141]
12. Emadi M, Kakow D, Salameh T, Gohil A, Ratner A. Flame structure changes resulting from hydrogen-enrichment and pressurization for low-swirl premixed methane-air flames. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2012;37(13):10397-10404. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.04.017]
13. Therkelsen PL, Littlejohn D, Cheng RK. Parametric study of low-swirl injector geometry on its operability. ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, 11-15 June 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark. New York: ASME; 2012. [Link] [DOI:10.1115/GT2012-68436]
14. Beerer D, McDonell V, Therkelsen P, Cheng RK. Flashback and turbulent flame speed measurements in Hydrogen/Methane flames stabilized by a low-swirl injector at elevated pressures and temperatures. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. 2014;136(3):031502. [Link] [DOI:10.1115/1.4025636]
15. Verbeek AA, Bouten TWFM, Stoffels GGM, Geurts BJ, Van der Meer TH. Fractal turbulence enhancing low swirl combustion. Combustion and Flame. 2015;162(1):129-143. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.07.003]
16. Verbeek AA, Willems PA, Stoffels GGM, Geurts BJ, Van der Meer TH. Enhancement of turbulent flame speed of V-shaped flames in fractal-grid-generated turbulence. Combustion and Flame. 2016;167:97-112. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.02.022]
17. Deng Y, Wu H, Su F. Combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of low swirl injector. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2017;110:171-180. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.169]
18. Xiao Y, Cao Z, Wang C. Flame stability limits of premixed low-swirl combustion. Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 2018;10(9):1-11. [Link] [DOI:10.1177/1687814018790878]
19. Farshchi M, Tohidi ND. Experimental investigation of a lean premixed low swirl burner emissions. Proceedings of 3rd Fuel and Combustion Conference of Iranian Combustion Institute, 22 February 2010, Tehran, Iran. Tehran: Amirkabir University; 2010. [Persian] [Link]
20. Ghazikhani M, Pishbin SI, Modares Razavi MR. Investigation of the effects of performance parameters on the flame behavior and temperature distribution and exergy analysis of low swirl premixed burners. Modares Mechanical Engineering. 2014;14(14):27‐38. [Persian] [Link]
21. Nahvi M, Mazaheri K, Parsafar MM, Mohammadpour A. Experimental analysis of blockage effect on low-swirl burner combustion parameters for lean premixed natural gas-air flames. Proceedings of 18th Fluid Dynamics Conference, 27-29 August 2019, Mashhad, Iran. Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University; 2019. [Link]
22. Heshmati N. Design and development of a premixed low swirl burner with the approach of applying the LSB in microturbins [dissertation]. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University; 2019. [Persian] [Link]
23. Heshmati N, Mirsajedi SM. Experimental investigation of the effects of vane shape and vane angle of low swirl injector on natural gas flame stability. Proceedings of 18th International Conference of Iranian Aerospace Association, 4-6 February 2020, Tehran, Iran. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University; 2020. [Persian] [Link]
24. Heshmati N, Mirsajedi SM. Experimental investigation of low swirl burner flame stability. Proceedings of 4th National Conference of Iranian Aerospace Propulsion Association, 27-28 February 2019, Tehran, Iran. Tehran: Iranian Society of Aerospace Propulsion; 2019. [Persian] [Link]
25. Frank A, Therkelsen P, Sierra Aznar M, Rapp VH, Cheng RK, Chen JY. Investigation of the down-scaling effects on the low swirl burner and its application to microturbins. ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, 11-15 June 2018, Oslo, Norway. New York: ASME; 2018. [Link] [DOI:10.1115/GT2018-77208]
26. Syred N, Beér JM. Combustion in swirling flows: A review. Combustion and Flame. 1974;23(2):143-201. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/0010-2180(74)90057-1]
27. Beér JM, Chigier NA. Combustion aerodynamics. New York: Halsted Press Division, Wiley; 1972. [Link]
Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.