Co-firing of biomass and fossil fuels in industrial furnaces is a suitable way to reduce the environmental impact from human activities, with acceptable investment. In this paper, the results of numerical simulation co-firing of sulfide concentrates and three auxiliary fuels including gasoil, kerosene and sawdust biomass are compared in the flash furnace copper smelting. For modeling of turbulent flow and combustion, RNG, k-ε model and probability density function model (pdf) have been used, respectively. This study has been carried out to investigate the furnace temperature and combustion pollutants distribution. The numerical simulation results show that the flame temperature resulting from the combustion of diesel fuel and sawdust as auxiliary fuel is the highest and lowest, respectively. In biomass combustion, despite that the flame temperature is low, but the NOx mass fraction increases because there is nitrogen in the sawdust chemical composition. Also in sawdust combustion that the oxygen content is high, the SO2 and SO3 sulfur pollutants increase in the high temperatures regions of the furnace and the lower temperature of the auxiliary fuel burner, respectively. Because SO2 is formed at high temperatures (> 1273K) and oxygen-rich and SO3 species is produced at relatively low temperatures with excess oxygen. The amount of CO emissions in sawdust combustion is much lower than the amount of combustion of diesel and oil.
 

Combustion chamber has a crucial role in gas turbines and has a significant effect on the pollution and efficiency of them. Due to the complicated flow in combustion chambers because of high turbulence intensity, flow mixing, and flame behavior, prediction of the performance of such chambers is very complicated. There is a vital need for experimental investigations to study and understand the flame behavior in combustors. This experimental study was performed using a can type combustion chamber and LPG fuel at atmospheric conditions. First, stability curve, temperature distribution in the combustion chamber, and its exit plane in 6 flow conditions and then flow behavior were evaluated. The pollution at the outlet was obtained in different conditions and equivalence ratios. The results show that the flame tends to go downstream of the combustion chamber when the fuel mass flow rate increases (or in other words, by increasing the equivalence ratio) in constant air mass flow rate and finally exits from the chamber. By increasing the air mass flow rate in constant fuel mass flow rate, CO pollution is increased, and NOx pollution is decreased.

In this paper, the experimental study of partially premixed combustion of methane and oxygen in a 5 mm mesoscale quartz reactor with 1 mm wall thickness and 5, 10, and 15 cm lengths. The partially premixed for 25%, 50%, and 75% mixing ratios paid. Experimental results including the factor of affecting flame regimes, formation range, flame dynamics, the outer wall temperature distribution of the reactor had been analyzing and reporting. The above tests were performing in an asymmetrically centered cylinder combustion chamber and a laminar flow regime. In most partial pre-mixing combustion experiments, the oscillation regime, which had an optimal heat distribution throughout the reactor, had been observed. The flame dynamics were more effect by changes in mixing ratio, reactor length, oxygen flow rate, and finally fuel flow rate (equivalence ratio). Also observed that by increasing the reactor length due to the appropriate time for homogenization of the mixture, differences in the flame formation interval were reducing in the different ratios of the pre-mixes.