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In semiotics, the denotative relationship is established between the three aspects of the sign, the object, and the interpretation of the same sign, and symbolic processes find endless meanings and this relationship classifies the symbolic, indexical and iconic species. Proverbs are taken from the context of a linguistic community that form multiple meanings and show gender construction. with semiotic studies, the significations of the opposition between man and woman in proverbs can be investigated. In this article, the concept of gender in proverbs of Tati language is investigated with Peirce's semiotic model in order to evaluate and analyze the reflection of their linguistic elements in all kinds of signs. Based on the result, Tati proverbs are mostly in the form of symbolic signs. The highest frequency is objectification and then otherness. The symbolic contrast between male and female gender and the discourse order and hierarchical position of this concept in the form of ideas of superiority/inferiority, value/worthless, human/animal, authoritarianism/weakening, center/periphery, self/other, norm/abnormal, friend/ Enemy and Dominant/Dominant have been classified and conceptualized. This opposition represents the idea of the otherness of the female gender and the superiority of the male gender over it as a dominant discourse. Based on this, the gender structure of this concept can be shaped in relation to the language type of Tat tribes of Northern Khorasan.

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The present study aims to investigate the aggregate analysis of linguistic variables of South Ruedbar language varieties in Kerman province by using the dialectometry and mapping software package with a quantitative and holistic approach. Data collection has been done from 22 sites from the south seven cities of Kerman province. For this purpose, a questionnaire containing 208 words and 10 basic sentences based on ‘National Language Atlas Project Questionnaire of Iran’ and ‘Morris Swadesh basic list words’ are used. The validity of mentioned questionnaire was 0.98 based on Cronbach’s alpha test. The results of aggregate analysis showed that 6 major dialect clusters are distinct and these dialect clusters are divided into subclusters. Each of these dialect clusters has distinct phonetical, phonological, morphological, or syntactical features that set it apart from other clusters. Based on statistical analysis, the ‘A’ dialect cluster due to the use of the continuous prefix /mi-/ and plural suffix /-hɑ/ in comparison to other clusters has the highest similarity and the ‘B’ cluster in cases such as the use of the infinitive suffix /-eng/ and continuous suffix /-æ/ has the highest difference in terms of morphology and syntacticity with the standard Persian. The ‘J’, ‘D’, ‘H’ and ‘V’ dialect clusters despite their distinction from the standard Persian, as the use of the continuous prefix /-ʔæ/ and plural suffix /-on/, are most similar to Aeach other and in terms of phonetic process and the presence of South Ruedbar variety special phones are similar to ‘B’cluster.

 

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Given the importance of loyalty, this study seeks to test and investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of relationship between factors that influence the e-loyalty in Saman Bank. In this regard, Relationship Marketing Strategy is the independent variable, e-satisfaction and e-trust are the moderating variables and e-loyalty is the dependent variable in the research model. The research population is a group of customers in Tehran who used the internet services of Saman Bank. Two underlying foundations of Relationship Marketing, mutual obligation and communication, significantly affect e-trust and conflict management foundations and competency are highly effective one-satisfaction. However; no meaningful relationship was found between conflict management and e-trust.      

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The probiotic effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger on the feeding efficiency, body composition, ammonia excretion, blood serum enzymes and the intestinal microbiota of juvenile beluga, Huso huso was investigated. The fish (31.8±2.81g) were randomly allocated into 12 oval tanks at a density of 30 individuals per tank with three replicates for each treatment,. The fish were fed either a basal diet (as control) or the diet supplemented with S. cerevisiae and A. niger (2×10⁶, 4×10⁶ and 6×10⁶ cells g^-1) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the probiotic supplemented diet at 6×10⁶ (cells g^-1) significantly improved FCR and other nutritional indicators compared to the control treatment (p<0.05). Significant improvements (p<0.05) were also observed in ammonia excretion and blood serum enzymes between treatments. Total viable fungus and Lactobacillus spp. count were significantly improved in treatment compared to control (p<0.05). These results indicated that S. cerevisiae and A. niger improved feeding performance and blood serum enzymes of beluga.

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In a completely randomized experiment, the effect of Daphnia magna meal on growth performance and carcass composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae (body weight 0.538±0.197 g) was evaluated for a period of 60 days. Five diets with the same protein content (crude protein 52.70%) were prepared, including two diets containing fermented daphnia meal T₁ (20%), T₂ (30%), two diets containing raw meal T₃ (20%) and T₄ (30%), and a basal diet without daphnia meal as the control. The bacterial species used for fermenting included five commercial probiotic species. Fermented daphnia meal brought about significantly higher growth and the lowest feed conversion ratios, viz. T₁ (1.27 ± 0.35) and T₂ (1.31 ± 0.46), in comparison with T₃ (1.38 ± 0.37), T₄ (1.41 ± 0.42) and the control (1.84 ± 0.69) (p<0.05). The result of carcass composition analyzes showed that the highest protein percentage (68.23 ± 0.48%) was in T₂ and the highest percentage of fat and energy (11.26 ± 0.50% , 4761.63 ±48.88 Cal g^-1) were in T₄ (p<0.05). The overall results of this experiment indicated that daphnia could be considered as a suitable partial protein source in rainbow trout larval feed.

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In cyberspace, Social networks have been born as a new type of websites and have gained an enormous range of users and fans. Social networks are one type of social media and are places for forming virtual communities of interested users. Internet users have been classified in different ways based on their type of using social networks. This study seeks to provide a mechanism to predict patterns of behavior in social networks. Due to the expansion of social networks, the selected network requires a model based on the new strategic decisions or policies for better serve users. This study uses data mining techniques for classification and analysis of social network users for better understanding of their behavior and improving services and developing appropriate strategies. Understanding behavioral patterns of users of social networks lead to better adaptation to user needs. The user population applied for analysis includes 31033 users that use a specific Iranian Social Network regularly. A method for clustering and orientation analysis based on past users behavior using CRISP-DM and data mining software is deeply analyzed and described. A full perception of users’ behavior will result in a better match of social network features with users’ needs as well as a high value added for users and profitability for social network owners.

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The two Qur'anic words, 'osr' and 'yosr', require a revision of transcripts and interpretations. Most interpreters, and commentators have received the equivalent of "ease and simplicity" for the matter of "yosr" and "hardness" for the matter of "osr." The most important form of error in accepting this concept in verses 5 and 6 of the Sura "Sharh", is the mismatch between the verses and the truth. On this basis, most commentators have used the term "maa" in these two verses as meaning later, and They are influenced by a syntactic rule and a poor narrative and believe that the message of verse 5 and 6 of this sura is that it is two easy with every difficulty. The present article seeks to retrieve the notion of "Osr" and "Yosr" , with the descriptive-analytic method. The retrieval of the concept of "Osr" (difficulty) and "Yosr" (development), and also the study of the correct meaning of the term "Maa", Expresses a concept that has been neglected by most commentators and that concept is the expression of a divine tradition in verse 5; and the consolation and calm of the Prophet on the sixth. Therefore, the reason for the repetition of the verses is not emphasis; but each of the two contains an independent message that has been analyzed in this paper.

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McGurk effect is a perceptual phenomenon in which subjects use information from both auditory and visual modalities to come into a unified percept. In the classic example of McGurk, when auditory /bɑ/ is dubbed over the lip movements of /ɡɑ/ , subjects report perceiving /da/. Although this illusion is not considered a universal one, it is experienced by the majority of subjects. The effect had been the subject of multiple studies in different languages. The present study is the first survey which examines this effect in Persian and Kermanshahi Kurdish language. Our main question is to examine whether the effect is significant in Persian and Kermanshahi Kurdish language. We also investigated the effect of gender on the occurrence of this phenomenon. It investigated McGurk in Persian and Kermanshahi Kurdish subjects. 121 (11*11) audiovisual stimuli were presented to 120 subjects (60 Persian speakers and 60 Kermanshahi Kurdish speakers). The Results demonstrate a reduced McGurk effect in both Persian and Kermanshahi Kurdish subjects; however, the probability of its occurrence is significant in Kermanshahi Kurdish. The phenomenon is highly significant when an auditory labial CV is dubbed with a visual velar CV for Persian subjects; however, for Kermanshahi Kurdish subjects the effect was robust when an auditory velar CV is dubbed with a visual palatal CV. The effect of gender (both presenter and subjects) on the occurrence of this effect is also studied in this research. Results show significant effect of gender on audio-visual perception of consonants. However, if the percept happens, female presenters significantly affect the audio-visual perception of the subjects.                     
 

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The study of the unit of text and textual arrangement, especially from communicative viewpoint, is of high importance, but in comparison to units of sentence and the smaller ones is rarely studied. Thus, this paper explores this subject, studying a linguistic genre. We, therefore, examine notes written by Kermanshahi Azad university students at the end of their exam papers, called “begging note”, to get a better score. The sample included 25 students’ notes written by University students, and 25 students’ notes of sophomore and junior boys’ high-schoolers in their exam papers. Thus, description of patterns of the begging notes according to textual arrangements of gāms (moves) and gāmaks (steps) were analyzed. The aim was to find different patterns of moves and steps arrangement (sub-moves) in the notes, based on Biber, Connor and Upton idea’s (2007) and Sasani and Yazdani (1392); particularly, the notes were divided into different moves to show maximum and minimum moves. Data analysis revealed that the notes had 4 moves: opening, request, reason, and ending. Move arrangements were compared in two groups. In short, it was found that both groups had the maximal 4-move arrangement, and the minimal 2-move arrangement, but the frequency use of moves in each group was different, as in the high-schoolers’ group, and "request"’ move had the most frequency and in university students "ending" move had the least one. The pattern study of moves, 4-move discrete arrangement was the most used pattern, and also 2-move arrangement was the least used in the two groups.

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The style of removing the preposition is one of the vital topics in the field of imperative and transitive verbs in the Arabic language. Grammar scholars have discussed about this topic in their grammar books and have explained its types and rules. However, they never look at this topic as one of the expressive Iʻjāz of the Quran and the subtleties and rhetorical aspects and the influence of this syntactic rule in the interpretation and translation of the verses and its semantic aesthetic functions, which according to the Quranic evidence, is very practical and crucial. By using some rhetorical styles, including the removal of the preposition, the Holy Quran highlights significant points in the context, and to clarify the exact meaning of the verses and to understand the beauty of the expression and the greatness of the Quran miracle in the aspect of its rhetoric, pay attention any type of deletion or addition of letters and even the movements. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical method, aimed to study five examples of deleting the preposition in the Quran, the rhetorical, interpretive effect and the effect of the guiding messages of these methods on the translation and interpretation of verses, the study and shortcomings of translations and interpretations of the Qur'an, and in each case, a precise and correct translation and in some cases, a new one based on the correct interpretive approach is presented.

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Objective: Hepatitis C virus is the major cause of viral hepatitis and its diagnosis in suspected specimens is of great importance. The risk of transfusion- transmitted virus infection is primarily the result of failure in serological screening tests to detect recently infected donors in the pre-seroconversion window period of infection. Therefore, sensitive and accurate diagnosis of HCV prior to antibody production to reduce window period is necessary. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a sensitive and specific RT-Nested PCR method for detection of a conserved HCV 5'UTR sequence was developed. Two pairs of primers for amplification of the target sequence in two rounds of PCR were selected. The developed RT-Nested PCR assay was performed on HCV-antibody confirmed positive samples as well as negative controls and standard samples. In order to compare the results, One Step RT-PCR kit was used in this study. Results: 25 HCV-positive plasma samples whose positivity were confirmed by ELISA and Western Blot tests, also as well as 10 fold dilutions of a high viral load plasma sample obtained from a HCV-positive patient as standard samples and 25 negative control plasmas from healthy blood donors were collected and tested by this assay. In all of positive samples a 175bp band was observed on agarose gel electrophoresis, but no band could be detected in negative control plasma. Results from developed RT-PCR assay and One Step RT-PCR kit showed a good correlation. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the developed RT-Nested PCR assay has a good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of HCV infection. It has the advantage of viral genome detection prior to seroconversion and can be used to detect HCV infection during window period

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In a paradigmatic shift, semiotics tends to poststructuralist approaches with phenomenological landscape. The result of this shift has been the emergence of subject at the center of enunciation by paying special attention to perceptive components and socio-cultural issues in the study of signs and language. In this perspective, the manner “ I” as subject encounters with “ other” undergoes diverse changes and new interactions come into play. New semiospheres emerge as a result of this encounter whose relations encompass interaction, contrast, exclusion, segregation and adjustment. This approach has been proposed by Eric Landowski –French semiotics theoretician- and is based on four main strategies including assimilation, exclusion, segregation and acceptation in case of identity. Thus, the main question of the present study is as follows: How is it possible to explain the semiotic place of culture as semiosphere and the type of interaction occurred between “Self” and “other” in discursive atmosphere of “Nasseri’s death” by Ahmad Shamlou? The purpose of this study is to investigate the type of their encounter (self –other) and their complex relationships in the so-called poem from the point of view of socio-cultural semiotics in order to explain the position of the cultural spaces that govern it. This study will pave the way to better understand the manner semiotic atmospheres interfere with each other and finally leads to the formation of central semiotic semiospheres at socio-cultural level.     
 

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Prospective sales policies are one of the essential components of short- and medium-term planning in any business. The correct and accurate formulation of sales policies can play an effective role in managing cash flows and allocating resources. In general, the above statement indicates the fact that in today's competitive world, customer satisfaction and increased market share is vital, estimating the issues about customer buying behavior and decision making is the main theme of any organization that this can be improved by using advanced prospective analysis in the field of sales policy. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for customer clustering, extract the product portfolio of each cluster and allocate the appropriate sales policies for them. Finally, the results were confirmed by experts. Apart from current customers and with the entrance of new customers, using clustering algorithms, the appropriate policies for different categories of these customers are provided to improve their loyalties.

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 This research was conducted to determine the effects of garlic extract as feed supplement on the growth performance, body content, blood indicators and culture water quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under stress ammonia. A total number of 156 fish (Average weight 18.37±1.43g and total length 12.27±0.52cm) were reared in twelve 50-L tanks for 60 days (First period: 50 days of feeding with different levels of garlic extract) and (Second period: 10 days under ammonia stress of 0.024 mg /L). Experimental included adding different levels of extract to base food, 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% (control, A1, A2 and A3, respectively). The growth performance was significantly higher in fish fed garlic extract supplementation than control. There was a significant difference in feed conversion ratio between different treatments, so that was obtained the lowest in A2 and the highest in control. Protein, immunoglobulin and cortisol concentrations were significantly affected by different levels of garlic. The end of the experiment period, the fish were kept in a close recirculation system for 24 hours. Water sampling was carried out every 4 hours. Water ammonia increased from 16 to 24 hours of the test. At the end of the experiment (time 24), the highest ammonia was obtained in treatment A3 (0.43). In general, the results showed that the addition of 1 to 1.5% garlic extract improved the growth performance and immune response in rainbow trout, while in the recirculation system, the water quality of the rearing environment was better in the control treatment.

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This study is conducted to reveal the types of mood, speech function realizations, and the persuasion strategies applied to Donald Trump’s clauses in his three remarks regarding the issue of COVID-19. Discourse analysis is applied to analyze the data. The applied mood types and speech function realizations are then correlated with Cialdini's principles of persuasion to see the persuasion principles applied in the three remarks. The results show that the President's three remarks are dominated by declarative mood with three most frequently used speech functions: statements of fact, statements of opinion, and statements of the assertion. In terms of Cialdini's persuasion principles, the speaker uses all of the six principles in his three remarks, except the principle of preference employed only in the third remark. The other five principles, namely authority, consistency, social-evidence, reciprocity, and rareness/scarcity, are contained in the three remarks with their persuasive purposes. In Cialdini's persuasion principles, the clauses used by President Trump reveals the strategies of taking advantage of his powerful authority in his remarks, showing his consistency while delivering the remarks, expressing his best efforts for his inhabitants, and showing successful evidence in overcoming the pandemic compared with other countries’ endeavors.

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Over the past few decades, the mobile government has attracted a lot of attention around the world. The governments are seeking quality services to citizens to achieve the desired level of satisfaction. Therefore, in order to provide better services, it is necessary to study of the quality of mobile government services and ultimately explain the factors affecting the quality of its services. The present study is a type of qualitative research in terms of purpose, applied, and in terms of data collection.In this study, the method of meta synthesis and the approach of Barrosu and Sandeluski was used to investigate the research literature. Data collection tools are open coding to identify themes and components Drivers of of mobile government service quality. The validity of the analysis was assessed using the kappa coefficient, which was equal to 0.771 In this study, 39codes were identified as basic themes to identify the quality of service quality components. Of these, 21codes were selected as Sub themes and 7were identified and formed as Main themes:Quality orientation, meritocracy, personal privacy, commitment, infrastructural measures, pragmatism, efficient management.

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Despite the fact that interpreting has long existed in history and predates translation, the interpreter training as an autonomous discipline is non-existent at the graduate level in Iran. The paramount focus of this study was to probe into the status quo of interpreting courses in the Iranian academia and subsequently delve into the possible expediencies to establishing such a discipline in the higher education. To this end, 15 professional interpreters (9 from Iran and 6 from other countries), 10 interpreter trainers (4 from Iran and 6 from other countries) and 118 English Translation Studies students (32 M.A. and 86 B.A.) who were selected through convenience sampling participated in this study. The students filled out a 20-item researchers-designed Likert-scale interpreting status quo questionnaire and the interpreter trainers and interpreters were invited for a formal semi-structured interview. Findings, analyzed quantitatively by SPSS software version 28 and qualitatively by inductive codification process, revealed the existing situation of the interpreting courses in the Iranian academia in terms of needs analysis, objectives and syllabus, methodology, materials as well as course contents and ensured the significance of establishing interpreter training as an independent discipline in the higher education among all stakeholders, i.e. interpreters, interpreter trainers (teachers) and interpreter trainees (students) for a number of expediencies including non-existence of this discipline in Iran, the need for academization, its multidisciplinary nature, dearth of specialization, addressing stakeholders and researchability, generating pertinent activities, glocal reputation, and employability.