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The purpose of this paper is to examine the dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in Supplying Automotive Carts Company (SAPCO). By conceptualizing and operationalizing OCB as extra-role and voluntarily discretionary performance directed to individual (OCBI) and organization (OCBO), empirical results showed that Leader-member Exchange (LMX), Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Psychological Contract Violation (PCV), and Job Involvement (JI) can somehow be viewed as an antecedents of OCB. Only PCV and JI didn’t support OCBI. Also, OCBO had significantly positive impact On Intention to Leave (OtL), but OCBI not. General implication of results is that social exchange theory, especially reciprocity norm can be a good framework for explaining OCB antecedents. However, this is modified regarding some part of PCV.  Also, doing or not doing OCBI cannot be a good symbol for turnover intention.  

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Mullah Rajab Ali Tabrizi is one of the philosophers concerned about the issue of "verbal or spiritual sharing of the concept of existence". While referring to some of the predecessors' opinions, Tabrizi is based on some ontological foundations. From an epistemological point of view, Tabrizi believed in a close relationship between concepts and examples. Therefore, one cannot expect such a realist thinker to rule on a concept such as existence, regardless of its examples. Also, Tabrizi's disbelief in credit concepts in philosophy aligns with his opinion on the verbal sharing of existence. Contrary to Khatunabadi's theory, this point was not the main reason for Hakim's tendency towards the idea of verbal sharing; Rather, Tabrizi's main addressee in this matter is Mulla-Sadra, who has a special understanding of verbal sharing and based on it, he puts forward the challenging idea of doubting the truth of existence, which Tabrizi does not accept.

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Objective: 22q11.2 chromosomal region is a hot spot for many cytogenetic rearrangements especially microdeletions which are responsible for DiGeorge and VeloCardioFacial syndromes. The most characteristic sign in these patients is congenital cardiac conotruncal anomalies. The gold standard diagnostic test for these microdeletions is FISH (Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization). However this diagnostic technique has some drawbacks such as high final cost and low sensitivity in smaller and uncommon microdeletions found in this region. The aim of this study was to introduce a less expensive and a priori more sensitive molecular method to help small and peripheral laboratories to find genetic causes of congenital heart diseases and DiGeorge syndrome. Materials and Methods: 10 patients with congenital conotruncal anomalies and symptoms of DiGeorge syndrome were included in this study. These patients had been analyzed by FISH probe TUPLE1 before the inclusion. 3 normal persons were included as normal controls for microdeletion region. Semi Quantitative Multiplex PCRs were designed based on known markers in and out of the region of intrest. Results were analyzed by TotalLab software. Results: 4 patients showed a decrease in gene dosage more than 60% compared to normal persons. FISH analysis found only one patient with microdeletion. Conclusion: The designed method based on semi quantitative PCR was able to find 4 patients (40%) with microdeletion in a population of 10 patients with congenital cardiac anomalies. This technique was also able to find microdeletions in three FISH negative patients. Molecular diagnosis of microdeletions is supposed to be more sensitive than FISH in small microdeletions. This study confirms the presence of atypical deletions in Iranian patients and shows that the applied technique can detect some FISH negative patients. However further studies are needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the mentioned molecular diagnosis. It seems that this can be used at least for the patients with typical phenotypic features of 22q11DS and negative FISH results.

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Aims Due to increase of demand for industrial and agricultural products, many tropical regions of Iran have experienced landscape changes. The present study aims to detect the land use/land cover (LULC) using some pixel/object-based approaches.
 
Method This research was conducted in Jiroft area using some pixel-based and object-based image analysing methods (PBIA and OBIA respectively). To this end, at the first phase, the LULC maps were extracted using PBIA for September, 2020. The PBIA are including as Mahalanobis distance (MD), maximum likelihood (ML), neural network (NN), support vector machine (SVM). At the second phase, the LULC was produced using OBIA approach, encompassing the multi-resolution method and decision tree (DT) technique, for segmentation and classification respectively. Using a hybrid methodology, the high-resolution images of Worldview-2 were segmented. The segmented objects were later combined with the 7-month time series of NDVI, to find the necessary thresholds for DT.
 
Findings Results of the LULC maps demonstrated that the kappa coefficient and overall accuracy for ISODATA, MD, ML, NN, and SVM methods were calculated to be (51%, 66%), (81%, 86%), (88%, 91%), (90%, 93%) and (88% and 92%), respectively. The outcomes of the second phase for mapping the LULC showed the OBIA achieved a high overall accuracy of about 96%.
Conclusion among the PBIA techniques and regarding both accuracy and execution time, the ML was the best. Although both PBIA and OBIA approaches are applicable in mapping LULC, the OBIA significantly outperformed the PBIA classifiers by higher overall accuracy and Kappa statistics

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Aims: Over the past twenty years, Iran has experienced a rise in extreme temperatures, particularly in hot events like extreme temperatures, as indicated by recent studies. This research seeks to analyze the annual maximum temperatures (AMT) in the dry Province of Kerman, Iran, focusing on both stationary (S) and nonstationary (NS) behavior.
Materials & Methods: Trend, homogeneity, and stationarity tests were utilized to identify the critical characteristics of the AMTs from 1979 to 2019. Frequency analysis of the AMTs was conducted using both stationary Generalized Extreme Value (S-GEV) and nonstationary GEV (NS-GEV) models, estimating distribution parameters through a maximum likelihood estimator(MLE). In addition to the time-varying NS-GEV (TNS-GEV) investigations, soil moisture (SM) was incorporated as a covariate. 
Findings: Results demonstrate that, compared to the S-GEV case, the NS-GEV frequency analyses significantly impact the return values of the AMTs, leading to an increase. The NS-GEV estimations for 50-year return levels were significantly higher than those in the S-GEV. The study’s findings revealed that the average Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) for both the S-GEV and TNS-GEV estimations decreased from 110 to 71 across all 12 selected stations in Kerman Province. The AIC value for the NS-GEV with the soil moisture (SM) covariate was approximately 94. Thus, the TNS-GEV frequency analysis of AMTs resulted in improved AIC values compared to the NS-GEV with soil moisture as the covariate.
Conclusion: Given the nonstationary (NS) conditions caused by natural and/or human activities, it is recommended to utilize NS frequency analysis for estimating hydrologic variables across different design periods. It has been noted that NS-GEV frequency analyses lead to higher return levels of AMTs than S-GEV analyses.

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Aims: The purpose of the research is to identify strategies for green adaptive reuse of the shared-heritage of Iran and Germany which were built during WWI and WWII in Mazandaran, and to identify the role of green adaptive reuse in the sustainable development of local communities. The research is to identify the effective components in green contemporization of Mazandaran industrial heritage buildings, and the impact of each criterion on the sustainable development of local communities.
Methods: The AHP method is adopted to evaluate the opinions of the experts by combination of questionnaire and the Delphi method. By examining the industrial heritage of Mazandaran and comparing its position with similar cases, the effective components of the green contemporization process were prioritized.
Findings: The industrial heritage of Mazandaran including the Babol cotton factory with 26.6%, the GhaemShahr textile factory with 21%, the Naseri-way with 20.6%, the Chalous-Metal-Bridge with 16.8% and Lar-Stone-Bridge with 15.5% will be effective in development of the local communities of Mazandaran by means of development of tourism.
Conclusion: The development of industrial heritage with the priority of sustainable social development leads to the development of local communities. The conclusion emphasizes on the priority of tourism development by creating access security, possibility of sale, public and private arena, optimal use of the ruined area, creating a multi-purpose use and organizing commercial units, as well as cultural development with protection of works, integrated development, holding cultural activities will play an effective role in the development of local communities in Mazandaran.

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Toyday Six sigma method is known as an efficient and effective method of solving the problem.The most common methodology in six sigma is DMAIC that includes five steps: Defenition, Measurement, Analysis, Improvement and Control. One of the most important bases of six sigma methodology is the use a lot of statistical techniques and methods for data analysis and identification of the basical cause of defects. On the other hand, one of the prominences of this method comparing to the other improvement methods is the use of statistical methods so that by the use of statistical tools in analysis phase one can measure the effects of potential causes on critical factors. So far, many classifications of statistical techniques and statistical tests have been offered in the analysis phase of six sigma, Which are often divided into two parts: parametric and nonparametric. Of course, there are a lot of difficulties for using these techniques. The aim of this research in the first sage was to recognize the inadequencies and lack of statistical tests in the analysis phase; then, to present a technique to remove the difficulties by using Multiple Attribute Decision Making in the operation research. The results of this research reveated three classes of major difficulties using the statistical tests: 1- Most of nonparametric statistical tests have less confidence and strenghth than parametric tests.Futher, they do not enjoy sufficient accurancy. 2- When the amount of the considerated data or the sample size is not large enough. 3- In some cases, no statistical tests(either parametric or nonparametric) is proportional to the conditions of six sigma research. In this research, we reviewed the valid scientific sources available in the field of MADM (Multi Attribute Decisin Making) and the types of classification of these methods to remove defects. At the end, a new method (algorithm) to apply MADM in the analyse phase of six sigma was developed. The algorithm pays attention to the Decision Maker, MADM characteristics, the problem characteristics and chracteristics of the obtained solution. Applying of this new algorithm, in the cases that statistical tests do not have sufficient strength and accurancy, can strongly increase the efficiency of six sigma methodology.

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β-galactosidase is one of the most important and widely used enzymes in three areas of health, Food Industry and environment, so kinetic modeling of this enzyme could be playing an important role in the optimization of its industrial production process. First, in this study kinetic of β-galactosidase production by Bacillus licheniformis bacteria in batch fermentation was evaluated during 22 hours, in the range of 20-50 g/l of initial lactose concentration as a limiting substrate, at 30 ° C. Then, with the observation of inhibition at the highest concentration of this range, logistic and Haldane kinetic models were selected to model and determine the kinetic parameters of fermentation. These models were obtained a good approximation of the experimental results of substrate utilization in all phases and microbial growth data in the exponential growth phase and the stationary phase, but minor deviations of the experimental data were observed in the decelerating growth phase. In addition, β-galactosidase activity results were in good agreement with experimental data, and the maximum deviation in this data was observed in initial concentrations 30 and 40 g/l of substrate simultaneously with the end of the exponential phase and beginning of decelerating phase of microbial growth (The fourth hours of starting inoculum). The linear regressions between experimental data and results obtained from the models, in all initial concentration of lactose and for each variable biomass concentration, substrate concentration and enzyme activity, was more than 0.95.
 

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Buried pipelines, commonly used to transport water, gas and oil, are critical elements of the infrastructure of today’s modern cities and usually pass through large geographical distances. They are classified as lifelines as they carry materials that are essential to support human life. Due to the importance of maintaining the operability of these lifelines, it is of primary importance to study the effect of different hazards on their behavior in order to be able to mitigate any possible damages. Therefore, they could be subjected to different types of natural hazards such as earthquakes in the form of permanent ground displacement and/or wave propagation. Seismic waves could pose great threats to above ground facilities and perhaps to a lesser content to buried pipelines. Permanent ground displacement is often caused by surface faulting, landslides, or liquefaction. Over the past years, many researchers have attempted to study the behavior of buried pipelines crossing active faults. Many reconnaissance reports show that significant damages are observed in buried steel pipelines crossing active faults. The corresponding ground deformations are applied in a quasi-static manner, and are not necessarily associated with high seismic intensity. During the ground deformation, the pipeline may undergo severe deformation, well beyond the elastic range of pipe material and may cause pipeline failure, i.e. high tensile stresses may result in tensile fracture of the pipe wall, specifically at welds, whereas compressive stresses may cause local buckling or wrinkling of the pipe wall. In case of moderate buckling, deformation of the pipe cross-section can lead to flow restriction and high friction losses, and eventually require line replacement; while for severe buckling high localized strains can lead to pipe rupture, loss of contents, and possible pollution of surrounding soil. The present study investigates the mechanical behavior of buried steel pipelines, crossing normal faults of right angle in loose clay. The pipe is assumed to be normal to the fault plane. The interacting soil–pipeline system is modeled through three-dimensional finite element method, which accounts for large strains and displacements, nonlinear material behavior, friction and gap forming on the soil–pipe interface. The analysis is conducted through an incremental application of fault displacement. Considering steel pipelines of various diameter-to-thickness ratios, and typical steel material for pipeline applications , the present study concentrates on identifying the fault offset at which the pipeline fails considering different performance criteria and to use them for performance-based design purposes. The results are presented in the form of diagram showing the critical fault displacement, and the corresponding critical strain versus the pipe diameter-to-thickness ratio. Results show that for pipelines buried in loose clay, the governing failure mode is local buckling of the pipe wall, which occurs at two locations along the length of the pipeline. The distance between the two locations at which local buckling occurs increases with decreasing pipe diameter-to-thickness ratio. It is shown that with increasing pipe diameter-to-wall thickness ratio, longitudinal compressive strains in the pipe wall increases and consequently the capacity of the pipeline to accommodate the ground deformation decreases significantly.

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In spite of several advantages of parallel robots, they generally have limited workspace. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to obtain the workspace by considering the mechanical interference. In this paper, the mechanical interference in planar parallel mechanisms, including interference between links and, collision between links and obstacles and between end-effector and obstacles, are investigated using geometrical reasoning. For this purpose, a new geometric method is proposed for collision detection in the workspace of planar parallel mechanisms based on the lines segment intersection. In this method, the configurations of the planar parallel robot are obtained in the entire workspace. Then, the interference of links with each other and obstacles, which are respectively modeled by line segment and polygon, are determined. Finally, the collision-free workspace of the parallel robot is obtained for a specified orientation of the moving platform. Moreover, in this paper, an index is presented which can be used for examining the workspace by considering mechanical interference. The foregoing index provides some insight into obtaining a well-conditioned workspace.  For the sake of validation, this method is implemented on two planar parallel robots, namely as 3-RRR and 3-PRR, for different working modes. The obtained results reveal that the ratio of the practical workspace to the theoretical workspace is decreased upon increasing the orientation of the end-effector for both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Furthermore, due to differences in the number of the moving links, the mechanical interference-free workspace of 3-RRR parallel robot is usually more limited than 3-PRR parallel robot.

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This paper aims at investigating the effect of heat input in resistance spot welding on microstructure and mechanical behavior of 2304 duplex stainless steel, as a promising candidate for automotive application. The results showed that due to rapid cooling rate inherent to resistance spot welding, the ferrite-austenite phase balance is destroyed and nitride-type precipitates are formed within the ferrite grains. The amount of austenite in the weld nugget was a function of welding current, as the most important factor affecting welding heat input. Increasing welding current increased the austenite volume fraction from 4 to 18%. Moreover, the nitride precipitation was reduced upon using higher welding currents. Investigation of weld mechanical performance during the tensile-shear loading showed that increasing welding current enhances both load bearing capacity and energy absorption capability. The maximum achievable peak load and energy absorption of 2304 duplex stainless steel resistance spot welds were 25 kN and 40 J indicating a superior weldability.

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In this work, joining of 4014 Aluminum tube to 7075 rod is studied using magnetic pulse welding process. The effect of impact angle (4, 6 and 8 degrees) and welding voltage (6 and 7 kV) on the joint are investigated. The microstructure of the weld cross section was evaluated using optical and scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties of the welds were evaluated by microhardness and tensile tests. The results showed that, for the impact angles of 4 and 6º, the increase of welding voltage from 6 to 7 kV, leads to the change morphology of interfacial from straight to wavy. While, for the impact angle of 8º, the increase of the welding voltage increases local melting and results in the degradation of the interface. At the same angle, increasing the welding voltage increases the hardness due to the higher work hardening and severe plastic deformation. On the other hand, the effect of welding voltage on the hardness is dominant compared to the impact angle. The results of the tensile test showed that, for the low impact angles, increasing the welding voltage increases the shear strength, while, for the higher impact angles, it decreases the shear strength because of creating holes in welding interface. The results showed that joining of aluminum tube/rod with impact angle of 6º and welding voltage of 7 kV leads in uniform and wavy interface with higher shear strength in comparison with other conditions.

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Objective: Azole antifungal drugs have been a treatment option for Candida albicans infections. However, azole resistance can occur through different mechanisms such as alterations in ERG11 (lanosterol 14α-demethylase). This study assesses ERG11 gene mutations in Candida albicans strains isolated from patients with Candidia volvovaginitis in a number of Rasht hospitals between 2012-2014 by direct PCR and sequencing. Methods: We identified the yeast strains by standard identification methods, such as germ tubes. Drug sensitivity was determined as MIC 90 values by the macrodilution broth method based on the CLSI protocol. We screened the resistant strains prior to DNA extraction and ERG11 gene mutations were confirmed by PCR sequencing. Results: From 40 strains, 4 showed high levels of resistance to fluconazole. Of these, two species had a MIC 90 of 512μg/ml and the other two species had a MIC 90 of 1024 μg/ml. Three strains had D116E and V456G polymorphisms. Conclusion: The most fluconazole resistant Candida albicans strains worldwide were reported. Our results suggested a correlation between the polymorphism and fluconazole resistance in the Candida albicans strains.

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