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The calling behavior of virgin carob moth females, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lep.: Pyralidae) was evaluated under two different thermal regimes, cycling and constant temperatures under laboratory condition. The period of calling activity under cycling temperature was prolonged and the total period of calling activity of an individual female was increased. Although moths maintained under cycling temperature started calling later for the first time significantly in the scotophase than those maintained at 25 °C, but the calling activity at cycling temperature was higher than at 25 °C. At two temperature regimes, the mean onset time of calling (MOTC) advanced from about 441 to 189.5^th min after the onset of the scotophase, and the mean time spent calling (MTSC) increased by > 120 min over the eight days. MTSC and MOTC for cycling thermal regime were 96.8 ± 6.5 and 275.9 ± 9.3 min respectively. We assumed that the extension of the calling period under cycling temperature might be due to potential similarities of the temperature regime to natural thermal fluctuations which could lead to an increased proportion of females mated; apart from its importance in efficacy of sex pheromone extraction under laboratory conditions.

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Among the societies with close geographical, cultural, religious, political commonalities, literary effects and influences can always be seen. Mu’allaqate Sabe, which is the most famous and the best odes of uninformed period, not only has had lots of effects on Arab poets but also many of Persian poets have composed poems based on its effects. Khaghani is one of the poets that in some cases there is external and internal relationship between his poems and mu’allaghat, and in some cases, this relationship becomes an imitative nature. His poems are semantic recompose and recreation that have been told before in Mu’allaqat. In other words, they have been recreated in an imitative texture and shape. These relationships include different backgrounds such as imitation, compilation, translation and coherence. This comparative-descriptive research compares one of Khaghani’s Arabic odes with Sabe’s Mu’allaqat from the viewpoints of justifiability structure, vocabularies, imagination, content, music, etc. At the end, Khaghani’s success in this imitation is researched. Although Khaghani’s poem’s in some areas, particularly in justifiability, structure and semantic have become close to Mu’allaqat but, in comparison with Mu’allaqat, they have weak solidity and stability, specifically in vertical area and individual image in such a way that in Khaghani’s poems, color of complication, difficulty and stress can be seen  

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Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus strains, as one of the important foodborne pathogens, isolated from unpacked ice creams.
Materials & Methods: A total of 122 unpacked ice cream samples were randomly collected from different localities in East Azerbaijan province and transferred to the laboratory using a cool box and screened for the presence of S. aureus strains. Also, the isolates resistance to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method.
Findings: In total, 21.3% of the ice creams samples were contaminated with S. aureus strains. Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that the highest resistance was against penicillin and erythromycin, whereas the highest susceptibility was observed against gentamicin and rifampin. A warning issue was the significant resistance to vancomycin.
Conclusions: The relative high isolation and antimicrobial resistance rates detected in S. aureus strains isolated from unpacked ice creams underline the necessity for applying strict standards at all processing steps by food control agencies and emphasize the need for educational efforts for those personnel involved in products preparation procedures in order to promote food hygiene. It is worth noting that the emergence of resistance to vancomycin, as the last line of treatment for staphylococcal infections, is a worrying global health concern. Moreover, this study highlighted that poor adherence to personal hygiene and health principles during the food products preparation and/or storage could be a potential factor in the spread of pathogenic bacteria and resistance genes in the community.

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a catastrophe happened years ago in the palace of rich and famous family of Cenci in Rome that ignited the creation of a play named The Cenci by two significant playwrights with different approaches and writing ideas. This study is a comparative analysis of different approaches of these two writers: Percy Bysshe Shelley’s theory, regarding the popular romanticism movement in the 19th century England and Antonin Artaud’s theory, considering his beliefs on the theater of cruelty. The purpose of this paper is to find the intellectual similarities and differences between these two writers in their approach toward the same historical event and their standpoint on its link to the theater and the text. Poetic verbal descriptions are significant in Shelley’s work; while Artaud, with his opposition to the literature of theater, tries to emphasize on directing and performance and writing the play with his favorite functions and performing methods. The comparative analysis of these two plays will describe their thematic differences. The results of this study suggest that in order to subtract the violence of Cenci’s event, Percy Bysshe Shelley has limited himself to the events that only take place in dialogues and those which show the actions of characters in different acts just in speech; however, Antonin Artaud presents the violent actions in the present time and with a redoubled rage by using mute characters and omitting subsidiary scenes.

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Research subject: In this study, EDTA-functionalized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ magnetic nanocomposites with core-shell structure were synthesized to remove divalent cadmium ions from aqueous solutions.
Research approach: During the first step, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanosphere core-shell is synthesized using nano Fe₃O₄ as the core, TEOS as the silica source and PVA as the surfactant. This strategy relies on the covalently bonding of ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid to bis(3-aminopropyl)amine and cyanuric chloride functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. In the next step, characteristics of surface functional groups, crystal structure, magnetic properties, size and surface morphology of these nanoparticles were investigated, identified and analyzed using physico-chemical characterization techniques including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), vibration sample magnetometry (VSM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer.  The adsorbent, due to its magnetic property, could be simply separated from the reaction mixture by a permanent magnet and reused in five consecutive cycles without considerable loss in its activity.
Main results: To probe the nature of the adsorbent, various experiments were investigated like adsorbent dose and contact time were optimized. Kinetic studies and the effect of different amounts of adsorbent to remove divalent cadmium ions from aqueous solutions show a maximum adsorption of 94% at ambient temperature. Moreover, the recyclability of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-EDTA was investigated in order to remove the divalent cation for successive adsorption-desorption cycles. All the results of studies show that the synthetic nanocomposite Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-EDTA is an effective, recyclable adsorbent with excellent performance for the removal of divalent cadmium.

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The topic of Hyperbole has been taken into consideration in various sciences of Arabic language, but less has been taken into additional verb, especially in the Holy Qur'an. The abundance of Hyperbole in the Qur'an's additional verbs and the semantic delimitations of these sentences and the lack of sufficient attention by translators in translating them necessitates research and review of this subject. In the present research, through the descriptive-analytical method, the challenges of the concept of Hyperbole and its reversal in lower Quran additional verbs have been examined. The purpose of this research is to introduce these challenges and ultimately provide a more accurate translation of the Qur'an. According to the findings of this research, at least three major challenges in this regard can be identified: The multiplicity of meanings of third person verb and the glorification of more famous meanings, the interconnection of the two concepts of "plurality" and " Hyperbole", and mistake in identifying the subject of Hyperbole. Moreover, the study of sample verses in this study shows that the general Persian interpretations and translations have a weakness and inadequacy in the understanding and transference of the concept of Hyperbole of additional verbs in the Qur'an. In addition, the method of analyzing verses in this study reveals that it is not easy to distinguish between the implication of verbs on Hyperbole, and can not be understood solely by relying on the mere meaning of the terms and generalities contained in the mere books on this subject. Instead, it is necessary to interpret the text of the verses and analyze its space using the inner and outer metamorphosis in order to recognize the implication of Hyperbole in the additional verbs of the Qur'an.

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Background: The current narrative review aims to describe microbial agents causing pneumonia briefly. In addition, the ongoing review tries to introduce the diagnostic methods from biochemical to molecular tests used routinely and the promising molecular methods which will be used in near future.
Methods: PubMed was searched for all review and original articles related to the lung infection. Studies providing insights into clinical symptoms, microbiology, risk factors, and diagnosis were included.
Rasult & Conclusion: Untreated respiratory infections are one of the most common health care problems worldwide. We tried to provide a collective view of new aspects of bacteriology and diagnosis methodology of lung infection detection.

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Research subject: This study demonstrates a synthetic strategy for the preparation of porous SiO₂ for adsorption applications using natural and waste materials from rice husks which are functionalized with polymer dendrimer molecules and surface amino groups as the source of biosilica and were investigated to remove divalent cadmium ions from aqueous solutions.
Research approach: Porous silica nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 45 nm were successfully fabricated from rice husk (RH) biomass via a multistep method. During the first step, sodium silicate is extracted from rice husks. Then, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, HCl, and acetic acid were added to the sodium silicate solution, and the resulting mixture was sonicated. After the hydrothermal reaction, the collected samples were calcinated to obtain silica nanoparticles. These synthetic nanoparticles were identified using various techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis and dynamic light scattering analysis. Then, the adsorption kinetics and the effects of synthetic nanoadsorbents dosage on the removal of divalent cadmium ions were investigated. The effect of contact time on cadmium adsorption and recyclability of adsorbent was also investigated.
Main results: The results show that there is no significant reduction in the performance and activity of this nanosorbent in the adsorption of metal ions after 6 times of recycling and reuse. The excellent performance of this nanosorbent in the removal of metal ions is due to its high porosity, active surface amine groups and high surface-to-volume ratio.

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Endostatin suppresses growth and progression of many tumors through binding to endothelial cell surface and extracellular matrix proteins like integrin, heparin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and transglutaminase-2. There is an arginine rich motif on the surface of endostatin that is essential for binding to some of aforementioned proteins. It has been shown that a 27 amino acid peptide derived from amino terminal of endostatin responsible for its anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities and mutation of histidines bound to Zn significantly reduce its activity. In the present study, as regards the importance of Zn-binding loop in amino terminal and arginine 27 in carboxyl terminal, peptides corresponding to this region and a mutated variant including isoleusin 26 to arginine mutation synthesized and their structure and interaction with matrix metalloproteinase-2 and transglutaminase-2 analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular dynamic and docking simulation techniques. This study aimed to analyze effect of placing two positively charged arginines on the structure and interaction of this fragment of endostatin. Results showed that placing two arginines close together in the carboxyl terminal of peptide increases fluctuations in total structure of peptide, alters Zn-binding loop in the amino terminal and makes binding energy of peptide to matrix metalloproteinase-2 and transglutaminase-2 more negative. It can be inferred that repulsion of two positively charged arginines in carboxyl terminal induces conformational changes in the whole structure and in the amino terminal loop region.

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The sensitivity of the text of the Qur'an requires careful evaluation of its translation. Such evaluation requires a scientific basis and a comprehensive model. In recent years, evaluators have used Translation evaluation models in evaluation of Quran translation, but those models are not designed to criticize the translation of a sacred text. Given the specific features of the Qur'an, its translation evaluation requires a distinctive and indigenous model. In order to design such a model, it is necessary to examine the models presented in translation studies. To this end, this paper studies the Garces’ model and its efficiency in evaluating the translation of the Qur'an. For this purpose, present paper evaluates the TT-oriented translation of Makarem and looks for efficient and inefficient components of the Garces’ model and its advantages and disadvantages. This study shows that the components of definition, expansion, Transposition, Modulation Explanation, creative expansion, inappropriate expression in TT, elaboration, and Variation in the use of rhetorical figures are the most efficient components in evaluating of Quran translation. On the other hand, Suppression of committed subject, Suppression of marginal text and Moderation in conversational expressions are inefficient and the other components have little efficiency. The advantages of the Garces’ model are its multilevel and minimized components, as well as its special attention to the rhetorical figures. The disadvantages of this model are the general division of the components into positive and negative, regardless of their necessity, some components interference, and the lack of components for discursive cohesion.

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There is a close relationship between stylistics and literary criticism. Many works of criticism are based on data analyses of stylistic studies, and analyzing status of the two fields—literary criticism and stylistics—couldpave the way for better classification of them.Through a content analysis of the two scholarly journals, Bahar-e Adab—proseand poetry stylistic studies—and Literary Criticism published in 2010, I have tried to show the relation between different aspects of the two fields in the previous decade in Iran. Both quantitative and qualitative indicators have been taken into consideration in this study. Quantitative indicators cover theoretical and practical domains. Qualitative indicators have been chosen according to a fewbasic questions on stylistics and literary criticism: have the articles on literary criticism transformed from descriptive nature into analytic one? Is critical thinking dominant in all studies? Do articles on stylistics consider works as representations of individuality of their author? The article concludes that, although the studies on stylistics and criticism, which in some cases follow the same academic or social discourse, seems to have correlation, there are some differences between the two fields. For example, when it comes to selecting texts, critics mostly tend to choose prose fiction while experts in stylistics prefer poetry. Impartial and independent theories and approaches are more widespread in literary criticism articles than in works of stylistics. Stylistic studies, on the other hand, are not independent. Most articles on criticism have passed descriptive mode and are closer to their expected form, i.e. analyses of the data. The number of articles on stylistics that clearly consider style as representation of the author’s personality or consider repetition of stylistic features as a deviation from standard rules is about half of the total number of the articles.

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Indefiniteness is a very common phenomena in Arabic texts, especially the Holy Quran, and has various meanings. Awareness of these meanings is essential for the translator and helps him/her to convey the meaning correctly. By using descriptive-analytical method, this paper has tried to point out the meanings hidden in indefinite words and criticize its representation in six different Persian translations (translation of Tafsir al-Tabari, the 10th century AH Quran, Elahi Qomshei, Ansari, Rezaei Esfahani and Safavi) of Surah Al-Baqarah. The results indicate that although the translators have, in some cases, succeeded in representing the indefiniteness of the words of the original text in their translations and in this respect, Rezaei Esfahani has the best and Elahi Qomshei the worst performance, the total performance of the six translations is not such that it can be considered as appropriate and successful. Some of the cases that indicate this poor performance of translators are: 1. Reflecting the indefiniteness of the word and not reflecting its meaning; 2. Discarding the indefinite in some syntactic functions such as Haal; 3. Not paying attention to a word that is used in a phrase (verse) both as indefinite and definite; 4. Insufficient attention to the indefinite word that is mentioned twice in a phrase; 5. Reflecting the indefiniteness of a word and the lack of representation of this feature in another word that are joined by coordinating conjunctions.
 

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The allelopathic potential of the foliage tissues of eight barley cultivars was investigated using seedlings bioassays of Indian brown mustard (Brassica juncea) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis) as typical broadleaf and grass weeds of the croplands. The correlations of allelochemical compounds with seed germination of weeds were determined. The barley cultivars used were Jackson, Bronco, CDC Dolly, B1602, Harrington, UNA80, Stander, and TR251. Three dilutions of the extracts of each barley cultivar (20, 10 and 5 g/L) plus deionized distilled water, as a control, were assayed on the target weeds. The effects of barley cultivars and extract concentrations on seed germination and radicle and shoot lengths of the target weed seeds were highly significant (P<0.001). By increasing the con-centration of the allelopathic extracts, the percent germination, radicle and shoot lengths of both target plants seedlings decreased. Seed germination and seedling growth of B. juncea were more sensitive than those of S. viridis. Relative to the germination inhibition of target weed seeds in comparison to the untreated control, the selected barley cultivars were categorized as being highly allelopathic, moderately allelopathic and of low allelo-pathic potential. Among the phenolic compounds detected, the cumulative effect of four small-quantity-compounds (vanillic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids) on aver-age weed germination was very high (R2 = 0.83), with B. juncea it was high (R2 = 0.70) and with S. viridis it was very low (R2 = 0.15). The two high concentration phenolic compounds of protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, when accumulated with the small-quantity phenolic compounds of barley cultivars, reduced the weed seeds germination correlation to r=- 0.11.

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Proper nouns are one of the most important cultural categories in any language. This importance is felt more in some texts, such as the Holy Quran because of its features, especially when such texts are translated into another language. Previous studies in the field of translation of proper nouns have been mainly related to the reflection of such nouns in fiction and novels, and not much attention has been paid to the reflection of proper names in Quran translations, particularly Persian translations. In the present study, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, we have tried to study the reflection of Quranic proper nouns (with the focus on Surah al-Baqarah) in six Persian translations: Translation of Tafsir al-Tabari, the 10th century A.H. Translation, Elahi Qomshei, Ansari, Rezaei Esfahani and Safavi, and to show what strategies these translations have used in translating Quranic proper nouns. In this regard, we have placed proper nouns under seven groups, and identified fourteen strategies, which some of them are adapted from previous studies in the field of translating proper nouns, and some of them are a combination of two independent strategies. The research results show that the three main strategies of the six translations in dealing with proper nouns are: "Replacement by a noun from the target language", "Transference (without any change or with a slight change)" and "translation".
 

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Through a survey conducted in West Azarbaijan province, northwestern Iran in 2022, infested fruits of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Elaeagnaceae) were collected. Anarsia eleagnella Kuznetsov, 1957 (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was obtained from laboratory rearing. A parasitic wasp was collected in the rearing container that was identified under Hyssopus geniculatus (Hartig, 1838) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). This parasitoid is a primary ectoparasitoid and a new record of H. geniculatus on A. eleagnella. Also, the association of H. geniculatus with E. angustifolia and the family Elaeagnaceae is new. Notes on the diagnostic characters of H. geniculatus are provided and illustrations of A. eleagnella and H. geniculatus are presented. The feeding behaviour of A. eleagnella larvae is preliminarily studied. Finally, the colour variations of the collected H. geniculatus specimens compared to the published literature are discussed.