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One of the most important factors in the economic development of countries is the growth of the foreign sector of the international economy and trade. In other words, having extensive trade exchanges is one of the main factors of the economic growth of countries. In this regard, one of the new topics in the field of organizations is the application of the concepts of digitalization and information technology in the management of service and production organizations which take place in the fourth industrial revolution. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current situation of Iran's customs in terms of the components of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The current study is applied research because in addition to the scientific aspect, it will also have a practical aspect for companies and organizations, especially customs. In terms of method, the present study is quantitative research examining the current situation, the obtained data are classified into seven main categories: Utilization of modern technologies, facilities and infrastructure, cooperation and interaction, policies and laws, management and planning, international and external factors and the structure of the organization. The results showed that the current situation of customs has been favorable in terms of the components of the fourth industrial revolution.

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Optical properties of graphene oxide and poly methyl methacrylate nanocomposite was investigated in this paper. Initially, graphene oxide was prepared from the oxidation of graphite powder by a strong acid by Hummers-Offemane method. Then identification, purity determination and particle size were obtained by using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The average size of graphene oxide nano particles was estimated about 38.4 nm using the XRD technique. So nano composites of graphene oxide based on poly methyl methacrylate were prepared by the co-precipitation method as an optical sensor element. Nano  composites were identified and characterized by FE SEM, EDX, XRD and FT IR analyzes. To investigate the optical properties of the specimens, UV-vis spectro photometry and reflective spectrometer were used. For three samples of the poly methyl methacrylate nano composite containing nano -graphene oxide, the values ​​of the color parameters b *, a * and L * were obtained that were prepared in the same conditions. Then the black index of the Westlanchr('39')s ratio was calculated. The average blackness index calculated was 3.7 for this nano composite. The study of UV-vis spectra in the region of 400-1100 nm for this nano composite showed that in the 400 - 700 nm regions the light transmission of UV light is approximately zero. Therefore, the results showed that the use of graphene oxide in the PMMA matrix improves the nano composite coating properties against UV waves and nano oxide graphene gives better shades of black color compared to other fillers and pigments.

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Although regular study of the story plots opened the new way into analysis in literature by the formalists’ studies, especially by Propp's findings, Structural narratologists after Propp, including Greimas, have tried to find a comprehensive pattern for the study of narration by removing some shortcomings of Propp's framework. This article tries to answer these questions by studying Joseph Story in The Quran according to Propp’s and Greimas' views: do Propp's findings conform to The Quran’s Stories? Can these three syntagmes offered by Greimas be found in The Quran’s stories? Analyzing Joseph Story as a sample of The Quran’s stories can decide which of these views is more efficient in the analysis of The Quran’s stories.  The text of the twelfth surah of The Quran has been examined with a descriptive-analytic method. The findings of this study show that: 1) in spite of the fact that Propp's view is capable of analyzing a lot of stories, analyzing The Quran’s stories according to this view requires basic changes in it. 2) Due to the fact that Greimas' syntagmes are not specified for a special kind of narration, they can be found in The Quran’s stories, too. 3) Considering the analysis of Joseph Story as a sample of The Quran’s stories, it can be said that Greimas' view is more efficient in the analysis of The Quran’s stories than Propp's view.
 

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Although Sheikhiyya sect has nothing to do with Babism and Baha’ism regarding their beliefs, presenting deviated beliefs and teachings, which were not in accordance to the established Shia doctrine, paved the way for false claims of Sayyed Ali Mohammad Shirazi. Sayyed Ali Mohammad was a follower of Sheikh Ehsayi sect and an apprentice of Sayyed Kazem Rashti, the former leader of Sheikhiyya sect, and founded so many of his primary claims on Sheikhiyya teachings and doctrine.
With respect to the importance of Sheikh Ahmad Ehsayi and Sayyed Kazem Rashti’s claims in founding the primary doctrine of Babism, Mirza Hosseinali Nouri, known as ‘Baha Allah’, calls them as ‘Nourin Nirin’ and claims they are his prophets and Babism missionaries. In fact, the first followers of Babism were those who believed in Sheikhiyya.
During the next 6 years since the beginning of Babism until the execution of its leader in Iran, some events such as the uprising in Tabarsi Castle as well as some upheaval in Zanjan and Tabriz took place which led to the execution of Bab and his followers. This sect, since its early days in Qajar period has been spread in Iran and some other regions in the world. Baha’ism was founded by Baha Allah and was promoted and reformed by Abd al-Baha and Shoqi Efendi.
Despite its idealistic propaganda, Baha’ism acts as an awkward and oppressing sect and like any other sect, all its followers serve to the purpose of its founding members and leaders.

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Background: Biofilm is described as an accumulation of microbial organisms connected to a living or unmoving surface mainly through self-secreted polymeric materials. With a complete understanding of biofilm behaviors and the role of rhamnolipids in its stability or dispersion, a new path could be designed in the treatment of infections like Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and function of rhamnolipids in P. aeruginosa velocity and biofilm formation ability.
Materials & Methods: In this study, 68 P. aeruginosa clinical samples were isolated from February 2022 to 2023 and confirmed based on culture and molecular methods. The presence of genes associated with di-rhamnolipid (rhlC) and mono-rhamnolipid (rhlA and rhlB) biosynthesis was detected by PCR method. For velocity assay, bacterial cultures on Bushnell Haas medium were monitored for 24 and 72 hours (0.5%).
Findings: The results showed that the distribution of biofilm strength among P. aeruginosa strains was normal. The frequency of rhlC was significantly different from those of rhlA and rhlB (p= .01). In the first 24 hours, the velocity of P. aeruginosa on Bushnell Haas with glucose was 2 µm/min and decreased during 72 hours. But after 72 hours, the velocity of moderate and weak biofilm-producing strains on solid medium with glycerol was constant.
Conclusion: In this study, rhamnolipids produced from different carbon sources showed different behaviors on colony shape, velocity, and strength of bacterial biofilms.

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Enriching human food using new technology such as lipid nanocarriers is a simple and accessible tool. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the sensory and production of healthy and useful food products to evaluate the enrichment of milk with zeaxanthin lipid nanocapsules and to evaluate its cryoprotectants. During experimental-laboratory research, zeaxanthin extraction from Spirulina platensis, and nanocarriers produced for milk enrichment were used as a food model system. Three samples of milk, milk enriched with lipid nanocarriers containing zeaxanthin, and milk enriched with lipid nanocarriers were examined (at similar concentrations of nanocarriers). In order to check the efficiency of produced nanocarriers, cold protective compounds (glucose, sorbitol, glycerin, lactose, and sucrose) were added to milk. Sucrose was recognized as the best cryoprotectants. Sensory evaluation of enriched milk was performed on a five-degree hedonic scale and different sensory parameters were examined. Data were analyzed using Minitab (v. 2016). Results No significant difference was observed between the sensory characteristics of control milk and milk enriched with nanocarriers (P<0.05). The lowest particle size and dispersion index were obtained in the coating of nanocarriers with cold protective compounds, respectively, 320.82 and 0.26 to 0.31. Zeta potential was reported as -6.03. By enriching milk with zeaxanthin-containing nanocarriers, in addition to visual and skin health, problems related to the lack of useful natural additives and insolubility of food products can be eliminated.


 

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Tornado is a destructive phenomenon which causes severe damage every year. To improve resistance of structures which face tornado, the flow field and factors which affect damage patterns of tornado need to be investigated. In this paper, numerical simulations of stationary and translating tornadoes are carried out using Ward-type simulator results and large eddy turbulence model. Validation for stationary case has been done with experimental work of Baker. The effects of peak winds, duration of intense winds and acceleration of translating tornado on damage patterns have been investigated. Results show that destruction is more intense at the side of the tornado that translational velocity and tangential wind velocity are added up. Moreover, peak wind velocity and duration of intense winds are important factors that have important effects on the destruction pattern of tall structures. However, the value of the translational acceleration of tornado is important for the design of all structures regardless of their heights.

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Variation of the cross-sectional area of a channel affects the flow field and, therefore, convective heat transfer between the fluid and channel walls. In this paper, a geometrical model is proposed for a wavy channel carrying steady laminar flow of an incompressible fluid. The two-dimensional channel is modeled as a combination of a number of subsonic diffusers and nozzles. Effects of the geometrical characteristics such as length, boundary shape and symmetry of the channel, which describe the shape of these nozzles and diffusers, are investigated. Numerical studies at Re=200 show that the shape of the wall does not dramatically affect the convection heat transfer rate in the steady laminar regime. However, optimization studies can be carried out to change the shape of the channel and improve the average Nusselt number to some extent. It is shown that the average Nusselt number increases with the increase of the length of the diffuser part, but the asymmetry of the channel might increase or decrease the average Nusselt number. Finally, a genetic algorithm is introduced and used to optimize the geometrical parameters which describe the aforementioned nozzles and diffusers and, hence, the shape of the channel.

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In hydroforming process, applying hydraulic pressure to the inner surface of tube along with axial loads to two ends of tube simultaneously cause the tube to be formed to the die shape. Application of finite element simulation is common practice to predict the geometrical dimensions of the produced part and analysis of probable defects. For finite element simulation, precise mechanical properties of tube material are required. Obtaining these properties from a test similar to the tube hydroforming process is desirable. In this study hydraulic bulge test using T-shape die has been introduced to obtain the stress-strain curve of the tube material. Using hydroforming set-up, several experiments were carried out on C12200 copper samples. Geometrical parameters required to be used in analytical solutions have been identified and the stress-strain curve has been plotted. The results of the proposed experiment have been compared to the results of the tensile test. In addition, the effects of anisotropy on the obtained stress-strain curve of both tests have been determined. The stress-strain curve obtained has been used to plot the forming limit diagram. The bulge test mechanical properties and the forming limit diagram have been applied to simulate the tube bursting and prediction of the final part geometrical dimensions in T-shape tube hydroforming and these results have been compared to the part being experimentally produced by hydroforming. The results show that when stress-strain curve obtained by the proposed experiment is used, there is a good agreement between the simulated hydroformed part and the experimental part.

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In this paper an improved immersed boundary method is used for simulating sinusoidal pitching oscillations of a symmetric airfoil. Immersed boundary methods because of using a fixed Cartsian grid are well suited for such moving boundary problems. Two test cases are used to validate the proposed method and the effects of oscillation frequency and amplitude on the flow field are investigated. Flow field vorticity and kinetic energy contours are reported in this paper. It is found that the deflected wake start to be appeared for Strouhal number more than 0.4 at a fixed pitching amplitude 0.71. A chaotic flow can be observed at oscillation amplitude 2.80, for a fixed Strouhal number, 0.22. Kintic energy contour shows that for Strouhal number 0.1, the airfoil performs work and transfers momentum to flow but the fluid energy loss due to the enlargement of flow separation zone decreases the momentum and kinetic energy behind the airfoil. Deficit momentum and kinetic energy behind the airfoil results in drag force increasing. By increasing the oscillation frequency and amplitude more momentum transfers to flow filed behind the airfoil which results in drag force decreasing.

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Rock dynamics as a branch of rock mechanics deal with dynamic behavior of rocks under high loading rates. Considering that many problems in rock engineering including earthquackes, explosions and projectile penetrations deal with high loading rates, rock dynamics has been of high significance to explore. In order to design and stability analysis of many of defense and military structures constructed on and in rocks, designating of dynamic behavior of rocks under different loading rates is essential. However, detailed understanding of rock dynamics has been of high challenge due to the additional ‘4th’ dimension of time. The split Hopkinson pressure bar test (SHPB) is the most applicable and famous technique in determination of dynamic behavior of materials under high loadin rates. In this thechnique, a pressure wave with a high domain is dispatched to the specimen and the reflected and transmitted waves of specimen will be captured by means of strain gauges glued on the bars of Hopkinson apparatus. A dynamic stress-strain curve will be obtained for the specimen applying some known equations upon physical conditions of SHPB test. A great majority of studies have been shown that dynamic strength of rocks increases with an increase in loading rate. Also, it has been shown that inertial and heterogeneity effects are the most impressive factors on dynamic strength increase of rocks under high loading rates. It is of note that Inertial effect boils down to a sudden increase in inner pressure of rock. Although, heterogeneity causes a more proper dynamic stress equilibrium as well as an increase in strain rate of specimen before the failure relative to those of homogenous one. The more the loading rate is, the more the strength of rock increases. In the present study, efforts have been applied to explore the effect of loading rate on dynamic behavior of rocks using split Hopkinson pressure bar as the most known and common apparatus in studying dynamic behavior of materials under high loading rates. The specimens have been cored of the same block of sandstone with a diameter of 21.5 mm and aspect ratio of 2. First of all, some quasi- static tests including uniaxial and Brezilian have been done to obtain uniaxial compressive strength, Young’s modulus, poison’s ratio and tension strength. In the meantime, Ultra-sonic test has been applyied to group the specimens of same p-wave velocity before doing Hopkinson test. The dynamic stress-strain curves for the specimen under different loading rates have been gained after capturing incident, reflected and transmitted waves by the strain gauges. Results show that there is an intense dependence of dynamic strength of sandstone to the loading rate so that with imposing the strain rate of 150 s^(-1) on the specimen, the dynamic strength of sandstone has been increased to 260 MPa from 160 MPa in quasi-static conditions. That’s why DIF, as the ratio of quasi-static strength to the dynamic one, has been obtained 1.6 at the 150 s^(-1) strain rate.

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Consumption of cutting fluids imposes high costs on industry. These cutting fluids contaminate the environment and are harmful to human health. Minimum quantity lubrication technique (MQL) is a new approach to reduction of cutting fluids consumption, improving efficiency of cutting fluid at machining zone and using harmless fluids. However, this technique faces cooling limitation in grinding. The purpose of this study is an accurate study of heat transfer mechanism in minimum quantity lubrication technique by its temperature numerical simulation and improving the cooling ability of its air jet by using a simple and inexpensive vortex tube. For this purpose, a system was designed and manufactured to measure the convection heat transfer coefficient of different conditions of MQL environments. The result of convection heat transfer tests shows 95% share of compressed air in heat transfer and also air pressure is a more important factor than temperature in cooling process. The result of temperature numerical simulation shows that by increasing pressure, the increasing rate of convection heat transfer coefficient decreases; also, the cooling ability temperature of the vortex tube at low thermal power is tangible. In grinding of soft steel, the minimum quantity lubrication technique with cold air (CAMQL) in comparison with other methods lead to significant reduction of tangential grinding force and friction coefficient, but in general, except in the case of optimum condition which has the highest heat transfer coefficient, surface finish is worse which relate to low heat transfer coefficient of gases at low pressures.

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Numerous models have been proposed to incorporate various equations of state (EOS) into the pseudo potential model. This paper presents an investigation of different EOS types based on the Gong and Cheng model in multiphase-single component flows by the lattice Boltzmann method. Primarily, it is conducted to investigate eight EOS’s classified in four categories; the Shan- Chen EOS, the cubic EOS, the non-cubic EOS, and the cubic and non-cubic combination EOS. The results show that each EOS type results in producing relatively similar spurious currents and has a maximum achievable density ratio. Although by choosing a proper beta parameter for every EOS the simulation errors decrease dramatically, our results show it is impossible to set a constant parameter for the non-cubic EOS. Therefore, a new equation is introduced to predict an efficient beta for the cubic and the Shan- Chen EOS’s. It is also found that the non-cubic, cubic, and non-cubic and cubic combination EOS’s have a wider temperature range and larger density ratios respectively. Hence, we determine a temperature dependent function for the beta parameter prediction instead of using a fixed value for the non-cubic EOS. The results are noticeably in better agreement with those of the Maxwell construction (theoretical results).

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One of the interesting and practical problems in thermo-fluid sciences is referred to finding the shape of a boundary on which a specific distribution of pressure, temperature or heat flux is known. Because solving such problems using experimental, semi-experimental and analytical methods is time-consuming or even impossible in some practical situations, myriad numerical methods have been introduced to solve surface shape design (SSD) problems. In all the numerical algorithms, an initial guess is modified through a numerical process until the desirable distribution of the target variable is achieved. All the numerical algorithms use three computational tools, i.e. grid generator, flow solver and shape updater to solve an SSD problem. In most of numerical algorithms, not only the three mentioned tools work separately but the shape updater is also not derived from the governing equations. In this article, to solve SSD problems containing convection heat transfer, a new shape design algorithm called direct design method is presented in which grid generator, flow solver and shape updater work simultaneously and also the shape updater is directly derived from the governing equations. Some SSD problems containing convection heat transfer in which instead of the boundary shape the distribution of the heat flux is known are solved using the proposed algorithm. The obtained results show the capability of the method in solving SSD problems containing internal convection heat transfer.

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In this research, the use of the exact difference method forcing scheme in the pseudo-potential multiphase model is suggested for the simulation of a droplet impact on a thin liquid film at a density ratio of 1000, and the effect of inertia, surface tension, and gravity forces are considered by means of their corresponding non-dimensional numbers (i.e. the Reynolds, Weber, and Bond numbers). For this reason, the Palabos open source software is modified by implementing the exact difference method in it. The results of our simulations in different Reynolds and Weber numbers show that the Weber number has a slight influence on the crown layer radius, meanwhile, the Reynolds number has a direct effect on the crown radius. The crown height is increased with an increase in the Reynolds and Weber numbers. Furthermore, the comparison between the pseudopotential model simulations and the free-energy model shows that crown shape is related on the surface tension in addition to the non- dimensional numbers and with a noticeable increase in surface tension the crown tip becomes bigger. The influence of the gravity force is investigated through the Bond number. According to the results, the crown height is noticeably affected by the Bond number. When the Bond number decreases, the crown radius and height increase. Therefore, the proposed model with the capability of being used for multiphase problems with large density ratios while producing a low spurious current could be utilized for a vast variety of other multiphase problems as well.

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 In this study the caseinat sodium film containing nanoclay and Echinophora Platyloba essential oil was used in order to possibility of using biodegradable packaging as well as  its effect on the viability of probiotic bacteria to cover the contents of yogurt. The samples were stored at 4 and 15 ° C for 21 days. The effect of packing material on the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus was not significant, while on the growth of Bifidobacterium was significant. The highest number of bacteria was observed in the coating containing 1.5 grams of nanoclay and the lowest number of containers containing 0.75 grams of nanoclay. By increasing storage temperature and time, simultaneously, the process of decreasing the number of live bacteria was accelerated .the reduction of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria at 15 ° C after three weeks of storage / 0 was a logarithmic cycle, while in the same situation, the number of Bifidobacterium analisis bacteria decreased by 1.3 times, indicating a higher resistance of Lactobacillus acidophilus to acidic conditions of yogurt during the storage time. At 4 ° C, there was no difference in mean pH and acidity between different packaging samples, but there was a significant difference between all packaging samples at 15 ° C. The highest decrease in pH and maximum acidity was due to the packing of 1.5 g of nanoclay in the end of the storage time

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Refrigerant is one of the most important parts in a refrigeration cycle. In many refrigeration cycles, especially in the natural gas processing industry, propane is used as refrigerant due to its desirable thermodynamic properties. There are two ways for transferring propane and butane gases from extraction point to the consumption site: a) Pipeline and b) liquefaction and transport in liquid form. The most profitable method for transporting large quantities of propane and butane gases is liquefaction and transport in liquid form using storage tanks. Liquefaction at atmospheric pressure is the most common method for transporting large quantities of gases using specifically designed refrigerated ships. In this paper, a gas refinery butane and propane liquefaction cycle is described first and then simulated in HYSYS software. Afterwards, Genetic Algorithm is used to minimize the total power consumption of the liquefaction cycle, through connecting HYSYS and MATLAB softwares. There are 13 variables and 13 constraints for compressors and heat exchangers in the formulation of the optimization problem. The results of this constrained optimization problem show that the power consumption can be reduced by 12.49% compared to the base case.

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Objective: Crocin, the carotenoid isolated from saffron, has numerous medicinal properties which include anticancer and antioxidant activities. Some antioxidants, such as carotenoids, can act as pro-oxidants at higher dosages and therefore induce tissue damage. In this situation antioxidant defense systems in the liver activate to prevent tissue damage. This study investigates the possible toxic effects of crocin on the liver of normal rats. Methods: Normal rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was treated with normal saline as the control and groups 2 to 4 were treated different doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg crocin intraperitoneally once a week for four weeks. Animals were killed one week after the last injection. Serum profile of the rats that included ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid and creatinine, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx), GSH content, and lipid and protein oxidation by measurement of MDA and protein carbonyl levels were assessed in the liver. In addition, we conducted histopathological examinations of the liver specimens. Results: We studied different crocin concentrations that have been used to treat various diseases. There were no significant changes in serum parameters, GSH, MDA, protein carbonyls and activities of CAT and SOD at the different crocin concentrations. Histopathological examination did not show any changes in the liver. Only the higher dose (200 mg/kg) decreased GPx activity which might be reversible over the long-term. Conclusion: Crocin, at the studied doses showed no toxic effects on the rat liver.

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Electrohydraulic forming (EHF) is a high velocity sheet metal forming process in which two or more electrodes are positioned in a water filled chamber and a high-voltage discharge between the electrodes generates a high-pressure to form the sheet. In this study extensive experimental tests were carried out to investigate the effect of different parameters (such as discharge energy, stand off distance and electrodes gap) on the maximum drawing depth and implicit on shock wave maximal pressure in electrohydraulic free forming. EHF is a complex phenomenon and experimental work alone is not sufficient to properly understand this process. To explain different aspects of the problem, Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulations coupled with fluid–structure interaction (FSI) algorithms that are available in the advanced finite element code LS-DYNA were used to the numerical simulation. In order to model the effect of the electrical discharge, two different approaches were implemented; explosive equivalent mass and energy leak. In the first approach, According to the similarity between explosion and electrical discharge in the water, electrical discharge energy was converted to equivalent TNT mass. In the second approach electrodes gap is replaced by a plasma channel and electrical discharge energy was leaked to it in a short amount of time which makes the channel expand and generate shock waves propagating toward the workpiece .Finally, it was found a good correlation between the experimental and simulation results.