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In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of both single and hybrid systems, incorporating UV photolysis and a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), for treating synthetic wastewater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. Petroleum hydrocarbons pose significant environmental threats due to their high toxicity, stability, accumulation potential, and resistance to biodegradation. In the hybrid system, the wastewater underwent chemical treatment first and then was introduced into the biological reactor. For the photolysis system, we explored the impacts of different concentrations and various radiation powers of UV-C lamps. Optimal conditions were determined to be a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of 350 mg/L and a radiation power of 80 W. In the MBBR system, various concentrations were introduced into the reactor, achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 85% for an initial COD of 1000 mg/L over 72 hours with a 50% filling capacity. In the hybrid system, we achieved a remarkable hydrocarbon removal efficiency of 99% after 123 hours. Although the operational time of the hybrid system was relatively long, it demonstrated itself as a suitable treatment process compared to other conventional methods for removing these challenging, hard-to-biodegrade compounds.

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Structural semioticians believe that bilateral contrasts are signifying elements which shape a text’s concealed structure; while their analysis makes the interpretation and paraphrase of meaning a possible task. Binary elements, which according to linguistics, psychology, and structural anthropology are factors of cognition and comprehension, have found a variety of different expressions and manifestations in cultural texts; whether they are in written form within literary works or have appeared in the visual and auditory arts. A survey of the variety of bilateral contrasting elements that the author has used, in addition to the manner in which they are processed, show the stylistics of the work; just as the semiotic study of binary elements in the depiction and portrayal of Rumi’s poetry show that: 1) All the objective and subjective bilateral contrasts which somehow instil ascension or descent are utilized for expressing materialistic and spiritual affairs and phenomena. 2) All the bilateral contrasts are finally united in a specific point and their contradicting identity is resolved. 3) Negation of contradictory identity from bilateral contrasts occurs through rhetorical and declarative devices which once categorized, guides us towards semiotic description of Rumi’s poetry in Massnavi and Shams Poetry Book (known in Persian as “Divane Shams”)

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The effect of cadmium on hematological and biochemical indices of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) exposed to subacute (0.65ppm) and acute (3.25ppm) concentrations for 96-h test period was assessed. The results showed that Hb, Hct, RBC and MCV significantly decreased in low concentration of cadmium (p<0/05), while MCH, MCHC, WBC, glucose and cortisol were significantly (p<0/05) higher than control group in both low and high concentrations. This study reveals that some hematological and biochemical indices of silver carp, such as cortisol, can be used as suitable biomarkers in tracing Cd²⁺ contamination within water bodies.

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  In modern psychology, “colors” are considered among the standards for evaluating personalities. They could be regarded a great and significant source for subjective readings and the analysis of mental characteristics, both national and ethnical. From the psychology of the applied colors in different literary works in every ethnicity, delicate and spectacular points could be gained and in this way, a bridge, about the characteristics of the same people between psychology knowledge and folklore literature could be created. In this article, along with studying the aesthetical and artistic characteristics of the love songs of Talesh ethnicity, we try to analyze its colors with the eight functional colors of Max Lüscher’s color tests  in order to realize some of the psychic-mental characteristics of the people of this region (Talesh) from the words of the unknown composers of their songs. The research method is descriptive-analytic, and the information gathering method is both field- and library- based. In this study around 50 Taleshian love songs in which different kinds of colors are used, from the most frequent colors to the least used ones, were analyzed. The results indicated the psychic-mental characteristics of the people of the region in exposing beliefs and emotions, pressures, sensibilities, disappointments, joys, etc

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This study reports the incidence of histological alterations in morphometric changes in the liver and ovary of Acanthopagrus latus collected from an urban stream impaired by anthropogenic activities and from a clean site (reference). Mercury concentration was determined using a standard cold vapor atomic absorption. The results showed that mercury concentration at the creek waters, and specially sediments along Mahshahr coast, was higher than in the other marine environment, and in Zangi was lower than in the other sites of sampling. Several liver lesions were identified, including enlarged and lateral nuclei, nuclear degeneration and vacuolation, oncotic, apoptic, focal, massive, centrilobular and periportal  necrosis, atrophy, lipidosis, hydropic and cloudy swelling, oval cell proliferation, cirrhosis, hemorrhage, macrophage aggregates, bile stagnation, dilation of sinusoid, intracellular edema, and dark granules. Ovary histology revealed some changes in higher concentrations such as increase in the number of pre-vitellogenic oocytes, oocyte atresia, and adhesion in the ovaries of females that were sampled from the sites with high concentration of mercury. In this study, existence of mercury in Mahshahr coast is demonstrated and high incidence of histological alterations in the liver and ovary of A. latus is an evidence of the poor environmental quality of creek waters. Hence, histopathological changes were induced by the mercury adversely affected the proper functioning of these organs in these fish.

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Filmmakers, television programmers, experts in literature, and those with an average knowledge in literature, cinema, and television, have different standards in evaluation of adapted movies. Similarly, there are various theoretical foundations in comparative studies of adaptation. Analyzing adapted movies and comparing them with literary sources can be done with a cultural study approach of which nature is interdisciplinary depended more on cultural feedback. From this perspective, examining the relationships between cinema and television regarding One Thousand and One Nights series shows that the adaptations in which the story has been developed according to its very cultural-historical function, succeeded more. These kinds of adaptation were faithful to the structure of the work. The reason why the faithful adaptations to One Thousand and One Nights were successful is that the theme of this book emerges from its structure. Crossing out the theme pattern in adapted movies doesn’t satisfy common addressees of book and movie.
 



 

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The present study investigateeffect of different dietary macronutrient composition on fatty acids profile, body fat and pancreatic lipase enzyme activity in Siberian sturgeon. A group of 180 Siberian sturgeons juvenile (initial weight, 30 ± 5 g) were used in this experiment and fed on four isoenergetic diets. Diets were named LP-St (low protein and high carbohydrate: lipid ratio), HP-St (high protein and high carbohydrate: lipid ratio), LP-L (low protein and low carbohydrate: lipid ratio) and HP-L (high protein and low carbohydrate: lipid ratio). Fish were fed apparent satiety for 10 weeks. The samples were obtained from body carcass and juveniles intestine. In this study, the same level of fish oil and sunflower oil were used as a source of diet lipid content. The HUFAs content in HP-St and LP-L diets were showed highest and lowest value, respectively. The results showed the body fatty acidsprofiles was significantly affected by fatty acids composition in diets (P < 0.5). Diets with high protein and high carbohydrates concentrated SFA and MUFA in fish carcass. Moreover, the PUFA content increased in sturgeon fed with high lipid diet. However,the results of this study showed the body lipid content wasaffected by total lipid content of diet and lipase activity decreased in Siberian sturgeon intestine fed on LP-L diet with lowest HUFA.

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Research subject: Polymer nanofibers have attracted much industrial interest over the past decade. In general, these fibers are suitable for a variety of applications including medical applications, insulation, capacitors, advanced aerospace technologies, and so on. Specifically in aerospace technology, the used materials must be thermally stable with suitable electrical conductivity. However, many of these polymer nanofibers suffer from low temperature degradation and low electrical conductivity, limiting their use in many potential applications. Graphite has unique properties such as high conductivity and high thermal stability. This exceptional material can be included as a nanoparticle in polymer nanofibers to modify electrical and thermal properties.The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of addition of graphite nanoparticle on thermal and electrical propertiesof polymer fibers.
Research approach:  For this purpose, polyvinyl alcohol 72000 (PVA) as a non-conductive polymer and graphite nanoparticles were used. Polyvinyl alcohol-graphite nanofibers were synthesized method by electrospinning technique under optimized parameters. The optimum conditions for the electrospinning process were: PVA concentration of 8%, applied voltage of 22 Kv, flow rate of 10 ml and tip/collector distance of 20 cm.
Main results:  Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed that produced PVA fibers were smooth, continuous without any bead, with a diameter of about 350 nm. The PVA / graphite nanofibers were also smooth but much thinner (about 200 nm) than PVA fibers at the same processing parameters. Moreover, X-ray patterns of PVA/graphite nanofibers include peaks of graphite particles in the structure and slso the suppression of crystallinity.  According to the results of 4 point probe teste, by increasing weight percentage of graphite in the fibers, electrical conductivity increased up to 0.5 . The thermal behavior of PVA nanofibers after mixing with graphite was also investigated by differential calorimetry analysis (DSC) and TGA. It was demonstrated that PVA / graphite nanofibers are thermally stable up to 300 ° C.

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Research subject: Saponin compounds have been considered as anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activity agents. In addition, they are also used as foaming agents in some food industries. There are few studies for assessing the extraction of this substance, so far. The main purpose of this study is to assess and compare the extraction yield of Saponin by conventional extracting using solvent and super-critical fluid method.
Research approach: In the extraction with solvent, the effect of three independent parameters including mass of solid material, percentage of ethanol solvent, and time of extraction on process performance was investigated. Yield of extraction and Saponin concentration were considered as indexes for evaluating the process performance. In the super critical fluid extraction, the effects of extraction time, pressure, and temperature were investigated. In this method, carbon dioxide was used as super critical fluid and 80% ethanol was used as co-solvent. In order to design of experiment and process optimization, response surface methodology and central composite design was used.
Main results: In optimum condition of extraction with solvent, the mass of solid material, ethanol solvent percentage, and extraction time were 5.4 g, 77.5%, and 7 h, respectively. In this condition, the maximum efficiency of extraction yield of 1.12 mg of saponins per a gram of dry primary substance was obtained. The results indicated that time and solvent percentage were significant parameters.  Further, interaction between two factors of time and solvent percentage was significant. For supercritical fluid extraction, in optimum condition, extraction time, pressure, and temperature were 10 h, 400 bar, and 50 °C, respectively. Extraction yield in this condition was 20% more than the yield of conventional method. It is concluded that the supercritical fluid extraction method has higher performance than conventional method.

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The effect of cold-smoking was studied on the production of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), quality indexes, microbial community and omega-3 fatty acid profile of common carp. Thus, the fresh fish was smoked and stored for 30 days at 4^°C. The nutritional values of both fresh and smoked products (protein, lipid, moisture and ash), pH and TVB-N indexes, microbial count including TC, molds and yeasts, were determined and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs, carcinogenic PAH₄ compounds and also fatty acids composition were determined using HPLC and GC, respectively. The results showed that microbial community was well controlled and moisture content decreased during smoking, thus protein and lipid content were increased (P<0.05). TVB-N index for fresh fish was 10.87 and increased to 14.01 and 18.10 mg/100 in smoked and 30^th days of production, respectively (P<0.05). High molecular weight of PAH₄ were evaluated at 0.20, 1.70 and 1.30 µg/kg, respectively (P<0.05). No benzo[a]pyrene as a carcinogenic hydrocarbon in fresh fish was found, while it was found during smoking process (0.40 µg/kg) and after 30 days of storing (0.30 µg/kg) (P<0.05). The ω-3 fatty acids were determined in a range of 5.38 and raised to 5.53 g/100g in smoked fish and 5.47 g/100g after 30 days, which was insignificant (P>0.05).The results also showed that cold-smoking and one month storing at 4^°C didn't change the composition of carp fatty acid, and useful series such as ω-3, ω-6, EPA and DHA were well preserved.

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  The “Discursive Semiotics” of speech is proposed as a new method for the analysis of literary texts in which the production of meaning is directly linked with sensory conditions’ perceptive. In these circumstances, the meaning does not follow a logical plan, rather due to the presence of the perceptual subject that makes the sign phenomenal in discours, it is continuous, fluid, multi-dimensional and always being reborn. This study examines the discursive process in three dimensions (emotional, perceptual and aesthetic) in the poetry of Nima, and presents this approach as a new method of text analysis. The study also looks at the way in which the poet describes the world. This study not only creates a new reading of the poetry of Nima but also shows how the process of producing the dynamic sense in the poem is formed.

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Sumerian tablets are the oldest clay tablets known to exist, dating back to the mid-4th millennium BC. Babylonians have also inscribed upon clay tablets, and kept them in their organized libraries. The excavation of ancient Elba (Tell Mardikh) located in the south west of Aleppo (Halab) city, Syria, uncovered the remains of an important library. Another collection was discovered at Ras Shamra near Latakia, Syria; wich contained several deposits of cuneiform clay tablets written in Ugaritic. The library at Ugarit held an important piece of thousand - year innovation of the Middle East. On excavation of Hattusa, the major city of Hittites situated in Anatolia, (Turkey), thousands of clay tablets were found. Through centuries, the librarians of this library employed skills from other libraries of the Middle East, and found out how to inscribe their desired tablet. Thereafter, the royal library of Ashurbanipal was found in the archaeological site of Kouyunjik near the city of Mosul in Iraq. In relation to the libraries of Egypt, it should be noted that the oldest Egyptian literary works arose from the temples describing the basis of religion, which were and kept in the library or document archive of the temples. The other archive is the treasury of Persepolis, which is one of the oldest archives located in Iran.  

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This article seeks to answer this question that how the Buddist art could grow and develop in the Central Asian countries. The Muryan Empire of the Bactrian State (321-185 BC), in the mid-third century BC, tried to promote the Buddhist sect in the West. The Kushanas (near 100 BC) stablished a new civilization in the history of Bactria. Afterwards, the Kushanas Empire became the eastern neigbour of the Sasanian Empire. Then Kushanaz territory was conquered by the Sasanian Empire. From the sttelement period of the Central Asia Budhist, four kinds of art works have been discovered: 1) Graffiti; 2) Architecture of Buddhist temples; and 3) Buddhist iconography; and 4) Kushanas art and jewelery. The ancient city of Termez in the south of Uzbakistan has an important role in this sect as a main center of Buddhism. In the north part of Termez, in a place named “Qara Tepe”, of an anciant monastery have been discovered in including the Khalchyan palace. Afrasiab, Samarkand in Uzbekistan is the most important archaeological site that underscores the art works of this period. What connects Marve in the Sasanian Turkmenstan with the East is a stupa Buddhist temple built outside the wall of the city.

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The Iranian architecture is one of the richest local architectural samples in the world that its achievements are undeniable. Features such as civility, autonomy, avoidance of absurdity and … were used as main branches in the architecture of ancient monuments. With advent of Islam and its spread in Iran, Iranian architecture was combined with values derived from religious and created the Iranian-Islamic rich architecture principles. In the historical monuments of Iranian cities including Boroujerd, it can be seen the application of Iranian-Islamic rich architecture such as harmony with nature, security, identity and … in that period. After decade 1300 and by opening the doors of Iran to the world countries, the western architecture entered in Iran and it has prevailed in competition with Islamic-Iranian architecture and after that, the Iranian buildings were built with western principles. The architecture that was very different with Islamic-Iranian culture and perhaps it was in conflict with it that its prominent sample can be seen in the contemporary houses including Maskan Mehr, a program which has been in the government agenda in order to provide house for low-income people.
In the last half-century, inter-family distinction has increased dramatically and its internal congruence has changed. in other hand, Urban growth and increasing middle class has increased External similarities in families. the terms as such as "middle class", "low-income group" etc are signs of "same view" viewpoint. In the West the family is known as an entity through which Most legitimate emotional and sexual relationship and wealth transfer are possible and includes parents and one or two children. Parents often work together and come home in the evenings and home is becoming dormitories. But in Iran, Families in both quality and quantity terms is more varied and multiple. Presence of children over 20 years old and relatives(Grandfather, grandmother and . . .) in a iranian home has very high possible.
Art and culture of this zone combined with new factors. Principles, customs, Religious Ceremonies, spirits, ethical, thoughts, and ideas of generations and other human features are presenting not only in massive buildings but in Small buildings, and is such entwined with the essence of existence Iranian architecture that its effect can be traced in all past Architectural monuments.
Islamic-Iranian Architecture has a bilateral relationship with nature, Such a way In all architectural monuments of the cities a summary of the nature is created. in the Islamic-Iranian city, Buildings have a central courtyard where residents have the opportunity to see the sky, stars and sun and inside it there are also waterfront and plants. So, the small-scale relationship with nature in house and in closest state is created. materials used in Building Construction include natural material and specially Soil which has not The destructive effects on natural environment and When Building is destroyed this materials are Recyclable and reusable. In addition, The orientation of these buildings is in a way which it best utilization natural factors (Sunshine, Winds, precipitations) is possible. While in some parts due to the needs by creating elements such as Windward and areas such as Bedchamber and Shvadan convert possible Natural threats into opportunities. also The use water resources is doing So that do not cause Pollution of it and maximum exploitation from this resource can be possible.
it must be said , unfortunately , Islamic architecture in iran has distanced from its Islamic and indigenous form , and created overt and covert problems , including loss of natural light location , impose many restriction . Koran's emphasis is on the home location and this residence before its physical concept have metaphysical meaning and means a dwelling and calm spirit , and it requires that templates of forms of housing in Islamic community will be realizes based on this meaning. therefore in this model , architectural pattern is prior to the mold and idea oriented . on the other hand , spirit shapes in the form and templates.
Examining the trend of change housing at different time telling the story of transformation of this space . housing pattern used prior to 1300 is very different with current pattern . home in its Iranian and also Islamic sense. House in its Iranian view is a completely enclosed space that constructed based on minorities and cultural condition of its time and use all places and circumstances in the best way. In this type of housing , there is comfort along with psychological , visual and audio security , and its residents have been living in the appropriate environment.
After 1300s , architecture of iran following West was changed that was in conflict in all areas . this contemporary home conflict is obvious . examining the Maskan Mehr in Borojerd showed this conflict better . studies show that Maskan Mehr in Borojerd have not bean constructed according to Iranian – Islamic model none of Iranian – Islamic architectural principle do not have been observed , so that with following West architecture and culture , Iranian values have been ignored and houses have been constructed similar to west's houses. In this respect the privacy( visual , audio, security) of the home have not been observed. If door is opened , you can see the interior of the house . house spaces in these houses is include closed space that most of its parts are scrambled , and person should define this space . space in these house is worth by objects not by elements such as walls . floors and ceilings.
The purpose of this study is to present an Islamic-Iranian model in the Maskan Mehr and The methodology of this thesis is descriptive-analytical that some part of its data were collected as library method and the other part is provided via field visit and completing questionnaire.
The results indicate that the Maskan Mehr in the light of architecture, based on observations and experts, features of Islamic-Iranian architecture can't be seen in that and the application of western architecture is evident inside the building and also its façade.

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Background: Calf scours (diarrhea) in unweaned calves play a major role in economic losses of animal farming industry worldwide. The present study was conducted to investigate and interpret the presence of BRV, BVDV, and Escherichia coli K99 by molecular and serological approaches simultaneously.
Materials & Methods: A total of 73 E. coli-negative diarrheic fecal samples were collected from one-week to less than one-month-old calves of Holstein dairy cattle herds of some provinces of Iran during autumn and winter. The samples were directed to antigen detection by ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay), RNA extraction by semi-manual approach, and cDNA synthesis for PCR amplification.
Findings: Out of 73 calves’ diarrheic  fecal samples, 28 (38.3%) and 1 (1.36%) were positive for BRV and BVDR by ELISA, respectively. However, 31 (42.4%) samples were positive for BRV and non for BVDV by RT-PCR. The Kappa coefficient showed significant differences in BRV and BVDR detection between ELISA and RT-PCR methods. The distribution of the BRV-positive samples among bovine diarrheic calves was 80, 52.6, and 50% in Eslamshahr, Qazvin, and Hamedan, respectively.
Conclusion: ELISA and RT-PCR indicated high prevalence rate of BRV in autumn and winter, respectively. The present study results showed that positive cases detected by RT-PCR were more than those detected by ELISA. Further studies are needed to achieve a comprehensive preventive and therapeutic strategy to address  diarrhea bovine pathogens.

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"Forgiveness" is a collection of stories of Sadegh Hedayat’s Three drops of blood. It narrates the story of a woman whose jealousy causes the death of the first and second children of his husband’s second wife and the latter. The history is full of sense of reproach and suffering of the feelings of jealousy. In this study, we try to analyze, following the theory of Landowski on the human feelings and the patterns provided by experts as Greimas, Fontanille and Landowski about the human emotions’s production, the "jealousy" through the perspective of semiotics of passion. The aim of this research is to show how this feeling takes the discursive properties. We will also examine how the status of emotion of jealousy in this story corresponds with the systematic patterns of semiotics of Paris school and its recent theories. This review will provide and assess the applicability of these models on the Persian literary products.

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With the continuous development and changes in the credit industry, credit products play a more important role in the economy. This has led institutions to expand the role of technology in their credit management processes. Credit scoring is a method used to estimate the probability that a loan applicant or existing borrower will default or become delinquent. There are two types of methods used for scoring: Traditional statistics models like Probit and Logistic regression and Data Mining models such as Classification and Regression Trees (CART). In spite of popularity in applying Logit model in credit assessment of applicants, it is attempted to present another method which is theoretically and empirically superior to Logit model. It is also tried to study the capability and accuracy of this method in comparison with Logit model. In this paper, we have examined the performance of different models in credit scoring on real data of a bank and the two approaches above are compared as well. After building a model using Logistic regression; we have built a model using classification and regression trees. Our aim is to emphasize on the specification of CART and testing its capability and comparing its accuracy with the Logit model. The results reveal the accuracy of CART through a bootstrap simulation. Finally it is suggested that classification and regression trees method could be used in credit scoring process instead of Logit model.