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Detergents are a part of human life and are consumed for different purposes, particularly hygiene. In recent years, the detergent industry has experienced significant changes as a result of environmental concerns, the availability, and cost of raw resources and energy, consumer preferences, demographic and sociological trends, as well as global economic and political factors. Several review papers have been published on detergents, but no bibliometric research has been conducted in this field. This study aims to assess the trend of detergent research and show the related hotspots by conducting a bibliometric analysis based on 37650 published articles from Scopus from 2000 to 2022. Numerous significant aspects of these articles, such as subject categories, journals, authors, countries, and keywords, were examined systematically. According to the findings, the number of detergent-related papers has increased significantly over the past two decades. The United States was the leading country in terms of both quality and quantity, followed by China and Brazil. In addition, Detmann, E. from Sweden was the most productive author. Keyword analysis suggests that current research has focused on the development of effective cleaning products that are safe for humans and the environment.
 

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Aim: Happiness is a very important issue in the life of every human, which is influenced by many closely-related variables. The purpose of the present study is to explore the relationship of quality of life, emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among the students of Zahedan University, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done on 204 students (101 males & 103 females) by using census method. Research tools were quality of life, emotional intelligence and life satisfaction scales. These are valid and reliable scales for use in psychological studies. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and T-tests in SPSS software. Findings: The research findings showed that emotional intelligence had a significant positive correlation with quality of life (r=.454, p<.001) but emotional intelligence was not associated with life satisfaction. Also quality of life had a significant correlation with life satisfaction (r=.402, p<.001). The results of t-test revealed that female students showed higher mean scores in quality of life and life satisfaction in comparison to their male student counterparts; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups in emotional intelligence scores. Conclusion: The results indicated that the higher scores of students’ emotional intelligence show the better quality of life they will have. Also quality of life is a variable that increasing students’ satisfaction of life. In order to raise the level of mental health, it is necessary to pay attention to the mentioned variables and educating people.

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Mohammad Jafar Habibzadeh Associate Professor, Department of Law, Tarbiat Modares University Hossein Babaie Ph.D. Candidate, Tarbiat Modares University "Homicide at the Marriage bed" means to kill the wife and a stranger at the time of fornication by husband. According to the 630 article of Islamic punishment if the husband himself sees his wife and a stranger at the time of fornication and killes both of them, he will be exempted from retaliation. Certainly husband has permission to homicide when his wife commits fornication Freely and not with duress or compulsion. The 179 article of public punishment law, approved in Bot 1925, had been devoted to this subject. In that time law maker without noting religious judicial principls had expanded the application of the law so that the fornication between the wife and the stranger was not a necessary condition And even if the husband saw them in a situation which made him be suspicious, he would enjoy absolute or relative exemption. About the basis of this exemption different theories are proposed by jurists and lawyers as: self defense theory, incitement theory, to do prescribed punishment, beiny outlaw of pornicator and adulteress. According to religious jurisprudence what has been qouted in the first martyr’s Durus book has been considered the basis of judgment. In this 'article we are going to judicially analyse these theories.

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Aims: The role of mothers as main caregivers in toddlers with diarrhea and their familiarity with the factors associated with diarrhea is very important in managing the disease and preventing mortality. This study aimed to investigate the mothers’ performance regarding feeding a toddler with diarrhea and related factors.
Instruments & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 210 mothers who had toddlers with diarrhea that were selected through convenience sampling in Tehran, Iran, in 2021. The parental socio-demographic and toddler clinical characteristics questionnaire and Mother Performance questionnaire were used to collecting data. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20 software.
Findings: The mean age of the mothers and toddlers were 32.69±6.67 years and 23.97±7.24 months, respectively, and about 51.4% of toddlers were boys. The total mean scores of mothers’ performance was 121.92±8.37. There were significant differences in the mean scores of maternal performance based on the father's education level (p=0.03) and marital status (p=0.04). Furthermore, the frequent diarrhea and referral setting (p<0.0001) were significantly different in the hygiene principles and common beliefs dimension. Mothers with wanted pregnancy have better performance in the breastfeeding dimension (p=0.04).
Conclusion: The mothers’ performance regarding diarrhea and its dietary management is low, and less than half of them have a good level of knowledge. So it is necessary to improve and implement relevant policies to control and manage diarrhea.

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This research is designed to identify challenges and barriers of women for promotion to managerial positions in public and state owned organizations. Recent studies have showed that the total number of women have gained managerial positions has increased. But they still have little share of managerial positions. Therefore the objectives of this research are: 1. Identifying characteristics of women appointed to managerial positions, 2. Recognizing influential variables in promotion to managerial positions or the way they have obtained and promoted to these positions, 3. Identifying skills and competencies that could be thought to woman managers in order to easily accept the responsibilities, 4. Identifying restrictional factors or barriers of further promotion of woman to senior managerial levels. The data were collected through a questionnaire completed by 257 women managers in public and stated owned organizations and minsitries. The results showed that: - Most women managers have university degrees in humanities disciplines, average 40 years age, and 5-10 years tenure. - The main influential factors in obtaining the position were: reliable performance, track record, higher education, experience and following the organizational rules. - The skills and competencies that they learned during the first management related skills are self - assurance, correct judgement, etc. - Women managers suffer many problems including community and public attitudes toward women, as well as subordinates, unfair and unequal incentives or opportunities. The major promotion barriers are decision making biases and traditional attitudes toward role of women in the society. According to factor analysis done, socio-cultural factors are mentioned more than organizational and personnal, factors. On the basis of these findings, the study offers few suggestions to women managers, decision makers in organizations, as well as policy makers in government.

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Aims: Adolescents who suffer from chronic diseases, such as major thalassemia are more susceptible to physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, educational, and social self-care failure. These factors are generally more likely to be overcome if affected adolescents have a high level of self-care. This study aimed to assess self-care quality in adolescents with major thalassemia.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 200 adolescents with major thalassemia selected by convenience sampling. The Self-Care Assessment Questionnaire (SCAQ) with 52 items in six dimensions was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and ANOVA.
Findings: There was no significant relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and the dimensions of self-care in participants. Adolescents with major thalassemia were found with a high score of quality of self-care. The highest mean scores were related to the dimensions of “emotional/mental self-care (2.44±0.64)”, “social self-care (2.08±0.61)”, and “spiritual self-care (2.07±0.62)”, respectively.
Conclusion: It is recommended that this issue be investigated in other adolescent patients, considering the importance of self-care and its effects on various aspects of quality of life in chronic diseases. Also, planning and implementing patient education is another important management measure to promote self-care in these adolescents.

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Aims: Heart transplantation significantly alters the lifestyle and quality of life of children and adolescents post-surgery. These patients must strictly adhere to their treatment regimens to maintain graft viability and achieve better adaptation. Enhancing the quality of life in pediatric heart transplant recipients is a critical responsibility of nurses. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a tele-nursing supportive educational program on treatment adherence and quality of life in children aged 12-18 years.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a single-group design without a control group was done on 41 pediatric patients who were referred to a specialized hospital for heart transplantation in Tehran in 2022. Participants were selected through census sampling and received education via communication platforms, such as WhatsApp, Skype, and Telegram, as chosen by the patients and their parents. The program spanned eight weeks, during which data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for Cardiac Problems, and the Modanloo Medication Adherence Scale. Pre- and post-test results were analyzed using SPSS version 16.
Findings: There was a significant improvement in the mean quality of life score and its dimensions (p=0.001), as well as the medication adherence score and its dimensions (p=0.001) after the implementation and follow-up of the intervention program.
Conclusion: Tele-nursing interventions offer an effective and accessible approach to enhancing treatment adherence and improving the quality of life for pediatric heart transplant recipients.

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In this paper, plastic deformation of the clamped mild steel and aluminum circular plates subjected to different hydrodynamic impact loading conditions are investigated. Extensive experimental tests were carried out by using a drop hammer. The experimental results presented in terms of central deflection of the plates, deflection profiles, and strain distributions. The effect of different parameters such as material properties, plate thickness, stand off distance of hammer or the transfer energy were also investigated on behavior of deformation of plate. Analytical modeling was carried out using energy approach and introducing the deflection profile function based on observes result of experimental. In this model effect of strain rate, hoop strain, radius strain and also effects of bending strain energy and membrane strain energy have been inserted. Calculations of the cases indicate that the proposed analytical models are based on reasonable assumptions. So, this method can be used for study of plastic deformation of plates under dynamic loading. The agreement between analytical and experimental results indicates that new analytical approach presented in this work maybe successfully employed for prediction of central deflection in different hydrodynamic impact loading conditions.

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The main aim of this paper is to study the inelastic deformation of fully clamped rectangular plates under hydrodynamic loading by low rate with drop-hammer, both experimentally and analytically. In the analytic section, some models are presented for predicting the mid-point deflection by two methods consisting the plastic hinge and energy method. in the plastic hinge method, it is assumed that the used plate in the experimental analysis consists a central hinge and four decentralized hinge inside and also four hinges for fully clamed supported conditions; but in the energy method, the proposed model assumes the deformation in three directions and membrane and bending strain, besides the deformation profile and also the strain rate is assumed. To do this, in experimental section, some experiments were conducted on rectangular plates with different thickness, materials and different levels of energy in order to validate the obtained results from analytic results and also surveying the mechanical behavior of materials according to impacts. By comparing analytic and experimental results, it is obvious that results have satisfying accuracy, therefore using the presented analytic models is desired for predicting the mid-point deflection of rectangular plates under the hydrodynamic loading.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate those products which are produced by powder compaction procedure under the low rate impact loading by a drop hammer, both theretically and numerically. Experimental section includes checking the efficiency of density, bending strength and elasticity modulus of the product from grain size and different levels of energy. Two kinds of pure aluminum powder in three different size and also their combination with ceramic are used to obtain this. In the numerical section, dimension analysis method is applied in which non-dimensional models for density, bending strength, and elasticity modulus are presented in form of mathematical functions by means of experimental characteristics and data which are categorized to input and output. The purpose of determination of this model is to reach a reliable and satisfactory prediction for final properties of products subjected to impact loading condition. It is worth to note that singular value decomposition approach is used for calculation of linear coefficients vector which has been obtained by non-dimensional parameters.A comparison between these results and experimental data is done by mathematical functions in order to validate the results. The investigation of training and prediction data errors which has been based on root of mean of squares of error and coefficient of determination shows that the obtained results through mathematical functions have acceptable accuracy; hence utilization of the presented mathematical models for predicting the final properties of product subjected to impact loading is desirable.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the green density, the percentage of porosity and the density distribution of materials which have been produced by powder compaction procedure under low rate impact loading by using drop hammer both experimentally and analytically. Effect of grain size and different level of energy on density is carried out in the experimental section. In this regard, the effect of different level of energy are investigated by changing mass and height of hammer. The analytical section presents a relation for green density considering a small element of compacting piece and using equilibrium equation, continuity equation and Levy-Mises equation. Using the statistical analysis leads to investigation of the effect of grain size and friction coefficient simultaneously as two impressive factors on analytical green density. In the next step, the percentage of porosity and density distribution was calculated analytically and compared with experimental values. The satisfactory accordance between Experimental results and analytical ones validates the presented analytical results. Also by applying two constant quantities, shape factor and work hardening in analytical relations, the effect of these factors on percentage of porosity and density distribution of products have been investigated.

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Vapor compression is an effective method of desalination in a small scale system. Such system has two hot outlet flows. These flows are used to preheat the feedwater. In this research, tube-in-tube heat exchanger with different number of inner tubes was designed and constructed as preheater. This heat exchanger contains many inner tubes where each tube is a separate inner flow line for hot flow. Heat exchanger was tested with one, two and three inner tubes. Volumetric flow rates varried from 30 to 120 lit/hr in annulus and 20 to 90 lit/hr for inner tubes respectively. The results showed that by changing number of inner tubes from 1 to 3, heat transfer increased 29%. However, 38.4% decrease in equivalent hydraulic diameter led to 22% drop in average nusselt number. Afterward, a dimensionless coefficient of performance enhancement, defined as the ratio of heat transfer rate variation and the required pumping power, used to determine number of inner tubes. The results implied that heat exchanger performance improved by increasing the number of inner tubes from 1 to 2. But there is no significant improvement when number of inner tubes changes from 2 to 3. Finally, a semi-emperical equation is presented for determination of Nusselt number in a heat exchanger with two inner tubes. This study indicated that this type of heat exchanger has the best performance for the system within the tested range.

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This paper analyzes the effect of squeeze film and size effect on dynamic response of microplate. The microplate in this work is a clamped-clamped plate, which is excited using electrostatic force. The gap between microplate and substrate filled with air. First order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and couple stress theory (CST) and considering Von Karman’s strains are used to model the equation of motion of microplate. Non-linear Reynolds equation based on Micropolar theorem is deployed to apply the size effect on the fluid. Afterward, Equations are discretized by applying couple finite element method and finite difference method. The first-order differential equations are solved utilizing Newmark’s method. One of the contribution is presenting the influences of size effect and mid-plane stretching on the microplate dynamic behavior, also the influence of different parameters on the quality factor. According to the results, mid-plane stretching effect increases the microplate rigidity. Interestingly, this effect is more dominant for voltages with higher amplitude. This paper emphasizes that considering the plate size effect will increase the rigidity of the system. Moreover, the plate size effect increases the rigidity whereas, the fluid size effect decreases the rigidity of system. Increasing the fluid’s pressure results in decrease the amplitude of oscillations in step voltage excitation which postpones the dynamic pull-in. This paper concludes that increasing the coupling parameter of fluid increases the natural frequency of microplate, whereas increasing the fluid length scale parameter decreases the natural frequency and quality factor of the system.

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