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In this paper, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and a model-dependent nonlinear controller over network using the separation principle for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem (ADCS) have been designed. In this context, according to the satellites development trend, ADCS architecture for a broad class of LEO satellites is proposed to stabilize and achieve mission objectives such as precision attitude determination and pointing. This architecture is a Networked Control System (NCS) used to establish connection and communication among control components including sensors, actuators and onboard processors, as well as to share data with other subsystems. Then, by modeling all components of the system, and considering the network effects as a bounded disturbance, the control system is designed to compensate of these effects. For this purpose, estimation and control algorithms including EKF and a model-dependent nonlinear controller is designed such that in addition to achieve desired system performance, the stability of each of them is guaranteed. Afterwards, the nonlinear dynamics model of the satellite in terms of quaternion parameters and angular velocities is presented, and by expression of the separation principle for nonlinear observer and controller design, their convergence and exponential stability conditions based on linearized model of satellite are derived. Proof of theorem shows that the closed-loop system continuously maintained satellite attitude in the specified accuracy range. Finally, simulation results obtained from applying the designed observer and controller on the active satellite in orbit demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed design.

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One of the usual methods for river banks protection is using spur dike structures that if properly designed and executed, in addition to controlling erosion, It leads to the rehabilitation of rivers margin valuable lands. Spur dikes affect the streamlines and it make changes in the velocity and direction of the flow, leading to major changes in the bed topography around the spur dike as well as the beaches. Recognizing and directing these changes will lead to the River Affordable Planning in the desired areas.  In the present study, the effect of the Deflecting open gabion spur dike, attracting and repelling on the bed topography of the flow path and flow pattern has been investigated. ADV was used to measure flow velocity in different directions. This velocity meter is submitted by transmitting waves of 10 or 16 MHz frequency from a transmitter to a sample size of 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in diameter at a distance of 5 cm from the transmitter and receiving waves by receiver antennas measures the velocity of particles within the sampling volume. The device has the ability to measure the distance from the floor inside the water. Therefore, taking into account the baseline level, the measured distance at each point was deducted from the base value and the scouring of that point was obtained. In these experiments, the Froude number was fixed at 0.26. Also, the depth of flow in the set of experiments is 14.6 cm, which is extracted according to the discharge rate and the displacement threshold formula. The experiments were carried out in such a way that after the equilibrium of the bedding and scouring harvest, the flow pattern was started using the ADV device.
 In this review, the performance of the spur dikes will be compared with the impervious spur dike. The results show that by decreasing the porosity of the spur dikes, the mainstream deviation and the intensity of the secondary flows around the spur dike have increased, which increases the topographic changes of the bed and creates larger cavities around the spur dike. As the erosion rate increases around the spur dike, sedimentation on the edges increases.In all three types of spur dikes, with increasing porosity, the dimensions of the scour hole are reduced. By increasing the porosity of the spur dike, the flow velocity from the pores of the spur dike increases, which reduces the difference in the flow rate from the headland and the flow through the pores of the spur dike and reduces the ability to carry flow sedimentation. In a spur dike with 50% porosity, bed topography changes occurred in a very small area around the spur dike and focused on the nose, while for a spur dike with zero porosity, the topography of the bed, depending on the type of spur dike, is several times the length of the spur dike, in Channel length and width occurred. The attracting spur dike has created much less variation in the flow pattern due to the way it is placed in the path of flow, and therefore the bed topography is less influenced by the presence of the spur dike.
 

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Incremental sheet forming is a flexible forming technology in which the sheet metal is gradually formed by the movement of tools in specified path. Due to the progressively localized deformation of the sheet and concentration of the forces on contact area of tool and sheet metal, the formability of the sheet increases compared with other common forming methods. In this study, numerical simulation of the incremental forming of AA3105-St12 two-layer sheet has been performed to calculate forming force and final thicknesses of the layers. The validity of the simulation results is evaluated by comparing them with those obtained from experiments. Numerical models for estimating the vertical force applied on the tool and the final thicknesses of the layers in terms of the process variables have been obtained using artificial neural network. Multi-objective optimization has been conducted to achieve the minimum force and the minimum thickness reduction of layers using obtained numerical models based on genetic algorithm method. Optimum thickness of the two-layer sheet and the thickness ratio the layers in different states of contact of the aluminum or the steel layers with the forming tool have been determined.