---

Background: Addiction is considered as a social disease causes economic loss in family shared financial resources, increase in health care costs, and sexual dysfunctions in sexual relations. Due to the high prevalence rate and reduced age of addiction beginning, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence rate of comorbidities (psychiatric disorders, liver and neuromuscular diseases) in patients with substance abuse problems.
Methods and Material: In this descriptive study, 200 drug abusers referred to Borzouyeh clinic in Tehran, Iran were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire, liver function tests, and clinical records of the patients during 2010-2016. Data were analyzed through the analysis of Chi-square test at the significance level of P < .05.
Results: Data analysis was performed using chi-square test in SPSS software version 23. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between addiction and liver diseases, psychiatric disorders, and neuromuscular pains (p < .05). According to the results, 44.9% of the patients consuming crack had psychiatric disorders, and also 49.1% of the patients consuming opium had liver diseases. Also, neuromuscular pains were found in drug users (opium, sap, heroin and crack) and not found in hallucinogenic and stimulant drug users.
Conclusions: The correlations between opium and liver diseases, drug users and neuromuscular pains, and also crack using and psychiatric disorders were determined.
 

---

In this paper the effect of pressure ratios on the performance characteristics of a radial twin entry turbine is investigated using computer aided design (CAD) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, geometric models of the turbine flow passages are constructed by simultaneous use of measuring tools and computer aided design software. Because of geometrical complexity of flow passages, tetrahedral cells are used to generate unstructured grid in the computational domain. Three dimensional flow of steady, viscous, and compressible nature is solved by Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) technique. Characteristic curves of the turbine are obtained by post processing flow simulation results. Mass flow parameter, delivered torque parameter and total to static turbine efficiency are plotted against different pressure ratios. Results show that at constant rotational speed, increasing pressure ratio leads to increase in mass flow parameter until choke limit while the total to static efficiency decreases and delivered torque increases.

---

In this paper, three-dimensional boundary layer flows on wind turbine blades as well as separation event have been studied. At first, boundary layer and three-dimensional momentum integral equations were obtained for incompressible flow considering rotation effects. Next, the effects of pitch angle and the angle between the flow direction and rotation vector on the Coriolis terms were applied using geometry factor definition and Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory. Then, the integral parameters and effective geometry factors on separation positions and stall structure were investigated for a rotating blade. The obtained results show that rotational ratio, aspect ratio and radial position are three basic parameters for separation occurrence and separation and stall can be delayed via controlling them. Moreover, the results show that the area near the root is strongly influenced by rotational effects. In addition, it is concluded that the centrifugal pumping due to rotation decreases the boundary layer thickness and delays separation especially in the near root region and increases the blade aerodynamic coefficients.

---

In this paper two automated and robust algorithms for generation of unstructured grids suitable for miltiscale finite volume method in oil reservoirs is presented. The multiscale finite volume method is an efficient numerical method for flow simulation in porous media. The multiscale finite volume method has been extensively studied on structured grids. In this research multiscale finite volume method is extended to unstructured grids. Development of the MSFV method to unstructured grids provides advantages of flexibility and compatibility with geological structures. In this method calculations are carried out on three grids, fine grid, primal coarse grid and dual coarse grid. One of the main challenges to extend the multiscale finite volume method to unstructured grids is to generate primal and dual coarse grids. In this paper an algorithm for partitioning of unstructured grid and generating primal coarse grid is proposed. Also a new algorithm for generating dual coarse grid is presented. Finally, the proposed algorithms for generating multiscale unstructured grids are employed for flow simulations in porous media. Numerical results show that the multiscale finite volume method with generated multiscale unstructured grids of this research can accurately predict the fine scale solution.

---

Underbalanced drilling and managed pressure drilling with foam have been gained attention of the world oil companies due to its many benefits. The advantages of this method include oil and gas production during drilling, high-speed drilling, drill bit life increase, better cutting transfer and reduced formation damage. In this paper cutting handling by foam was investigated in which foam was assumed to be a homogeneous, single-phase, compressible and non-Newtonian fluid whose rheological properties can be well described by power law model. The assumptions and governing equations of transient two-fluid model were expressed in Euler-Euler coordinate for fluid-particle (foam-cuttings). The upstream method is used to discretizing the equations and the results of the numerical solution are reported in the form of pressure, speed, cutting concentration, quality and density of the foam logs along the well. The impact of back-pressure, ROP, injection rate of gas and liquid, shape and size of cuttings, water influx and oil production on cutting concentration and bottom-hole pressure have been investigated. With increasing parameters such as back-pressure, liquid and gas flow rate, size of the cuttings and ROP, bottom hole pressure and cutting concentration increases. Cutting concentration decreases with increasing liquid and gas flow rate and increases by increasing back-pressure, cutting size and ROP. For validating, the results of the numerical solution are compared with field data obtained from well FR-1 located in the Santa Catarina state of Brazil which show about 16.5 percent errors.