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Background: Hepatitis B infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Given that immune response towards the vaccine is not perfect, we aimed to evaluate circumstances of immune response in vaccinated students.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 219 medical students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were recruited, who had been administered vaccine series for the first time, and booster doses after one and six months completely. The serum samples were extracted from whole blood of the participants. The concentration of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBs antibody (HBsAb) was measured using a commercial ELISA kit.
Results: It was observed that 201 cases (91.8%) out of 219 cases had positive anti-HBs antibody response, and 18 subjects (8.2%) were nonresponsive cases. Level of HBsAb was significantly different between males and females as well as alcoholics and non-alcoholics. None of the cases was identified as positive for HBsAg.
Conclusion: Considering the results of the present and previous studies in other countries, it can be claimed that the mass vaccination has been effective, especially in medical students.

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There are varying patterns for growing different varieties of branched or non-branched sesame. This experiment was conducted during a two-year period (2000-2001) to identify the optimal practice for cultivation of the uni-branched sesame in the Safi-Abad Agricultural Research Center, Khuzestan Province. The statistical design was set up as strip-plot in a randomized complete block with four replications. Rows were adopted at varying spaces of 37.5, 50 and 60 cm while the plants were arranged horizontally at 5,10,15 and 20 cm. In this way, the density of the plot was surveyed over an area ranging from 83000 to 530,000 plant/ha. Combined analysis of two years, results showed a significant effect on the yield component due to an increase in row-spacing from 37.5 to 60 cm. This increase in row-spacing from 37.5 to 60 cm. could also increase the stem diameter from 16.3 to 19.4 mm, the pod number from 59 to 84 per plant, as well as the weight per thousand seeds from 3 to 3.3 grams. Moreover, an increase in plant spacing from 5 to 20 cm caused a decrease in stem height from 180.2 to 169.7 cm, an increase in stem diameter form 15.8 to 19.8 mm, a rise in pod number from 44.6 to 96.5 and in the seed content from 59.3 to 74.4 per pod. The relevance of the seed yield and row spacing obeyed a falling linear regession curve, while the seed yield and plant intervals showed a non-linear behaviour and estimated a maximum yield at 10 cm distance. Finally, the planting density reflected a non-linear fourth power equation. The maxinum seed and oil yield was then estimated at a density of 200,000–250,000 plant per hectare. In view of higher yield at the 37.5 cm row treatment and the 10 cm plant treatment, together with regressive equations, the above pattern (37.510cm) shall be recommended for uni-branched sesame growing in Khuzestan.

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Aims: The induction of artificial over-expression of miRNAs is an appropriate approach to more effective cell differentiation. The significant role of microRNA-1(miR-1) has been reported in the development and differentiation of cardiac cells. Lentivirus is an effective vector for stable cell line production. The aim of this study was the production of recombinant HEK293T with miR-1 overexpression as a biological model for cardiac studies.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, HEK 293T cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and L-glutamine 2mM and Penicillin-Streptomycin 1X in incubator medium. After cloning of miR-1 gene, recombinant clones were selected and the recombination was confirmed by sequencing. The miR-1 carrying vector and auxiliary vectors were packaged in the HEK293T to produce the recombinant virus. The infection of HEK293T by recombinant virus was performed in order to achieve stable cell line. Then, GFP fluorescent marker evaluated the efficiency of transfection and effective virus dilution. Finally, the alteration in expression level of miR-1 was assessed by qPCR. Data analysis was performed by comparing the threshold cycle and Pfaffl method.
Findings: The most GFP expression was detected in transfected cells by 150 micromole dilution. GFP fluorescent marker facilitated optimization and purification of recombinant cells. qPCR investigation demonstrated the significant increase in expression of miR-1 in transfected cells in comparison to controls.
Conclusion: The stable recombinant HEK293T miR-1 over-expressing cell line in lentivirus can be utilized as a suitable biological model for investigation of cardiac evolution and development processes.

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Various factors play a role in the successful implementation of the business intelligence system. However, often, technological and instrumental factors of business intelligence have been considered by researchers, managers and investors. Therefore, in our research, we decided to use the business intelligence management approach to identify and rank the critical factors for the success of the implementation of business intelligence related to human resource factors, using the literature and opinions of experts. Therefore, for data collection, the Creswell’s thematic literature review was used, from which 121 sources were selected as the statistical population, 33 sources were selected using the exclusion criteria, and thus clusters and human factors influencing on the success of business intelligence was extracted and became the basis for a questionnaire based on pairwise comparisons. Utilizing the opinions of ten business intelligence to analyze the data, DEMATEL technique was used, which best shows the relationships of influence and effectiveness. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by business intelligence experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was determined by Cronbach's alpha method. The results showed that among the four clusters, factors related to team members, factors related to the project manager, factors related to user acceptance and cooperation and factors related to the organization, respectively, factors related to the organization and factors related to the project manager are causal factors influencing on other factors.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of squid protein hydrolysate prepared from protamex (P1, P2, P3) and alcalase (A1, A2, A3) enzymes respectively, at 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% concentration and also control sample (0%), on some physicochemical and organoleptic properties of low-fat set style yoghurt such as viscosity, synersis percentage, water holding capacity, acidity, pH, odor, taste, texture and color. Results showed that the lowest viscosity (416/66) was for control sample. Protein hydrolysates of both of enzymes increased viscosity while the highest amount was for P3 and A3. The highest pH and lowest acidity were for the control sample and protein hydrolysate in yogurt formulation decreased pH and increased acidity of samples. Maximum synersis obtained with control sample (4.47); protein hydrolysate decreased synersis while 1% protein hydrolysate with alcalase had the lowest synersis (0.33). Results of organoleptic tests showed that alcalase samples, especially in higher concentrations, modified odor and taste of low-fat yoghurt but these changes were not clear in texture and color. Generally, squid protein hydrolysate with alcalase and protamex in yoghurt formulation improved functional properties of low-fat yoghurt and it was more efficient in alcalase treatments in comparison with protamex.

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In the present study, a molecular based scheme has been developed for simulating of surface roughness and cavitation effects on nano- scale flows. In the nano-channel flows, there are some differences on the flow friction between roughness and cavitations which are not well studied. In the presented approach, based on the Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MD), the Lennard-Jones potential is used to modeling the interactions between particles. Each atom of the solid wall is anchored at its lattice site by a harmonic restoring force and its temperature has been controlled by utilizing thermostat.The roughness and cavitation have been implemented on the lower side of channel. To make a comparison between the effect of roughness and cavitation, the same dimension is used for both of them. Obtained results show, those hydrodynamic characteristics of flow and the walls shear stress depends on the roughness and cavitation sizes. The roughness on the bottom wall has more effect than cavity wall on the velocity and density profiles. Also results show that the presence of roughness on the bottom wall respectively increases the shear stress on the bottom wall and decreases its value on the top wall while, the presence of cavitation on the bottom wall has no effect on the top wall and just increase the bottom wall shear stress.

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The analysis of notched composite parts in a structure due to the existence of high stress concentration and undetermined behavior is an exigent issue. In this research, the progressive damage analysis has been applied to predict the failure of notched woven glass- epoxy composite laminates under tensile loading. Stress analysis and investigation of the effect of the hole size on it have been performed by the analytical and numerical methods. Developing an UMAT in the ABAQUS finite element package has made the utilization of the 3D progressive damage analysis feasible. Max. Stress, Yamada- Sun and Tsai- Wu failure criterions have been implemented to predict the damage initiation due to the absence of significant failure criteria for woven composites. Instantaneous and recursive property degradation methods have been used to simulate the damage propagation. The tensile characteristic distance has been computed without any experiments. The comparison of stress and failure analysis with experimental results shows good agreement. Finally, using tensile characteristic length obtained by progressive damage method, the possibility of safety factor determination in the composite joints in order to optimum design has been provided.

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In this paper, non-equilibrium molecular dynamic simulation has been employed to study the effect of wall interfacial properties and temperature of system on the hydrodynamics and heat transfer of water molecules in a nanochannel. The charges and Lennard-Jones potential are used to modeling the interactions between particles. The external forces are applied to the mass center of every water molecule in the x direction to create its flow and the thermal and hydrodynamics behavior of the water molecules was then analyzed. To construct the wall pore model, two silicon solid surfaces were used and the temperature of system has been controlled by utilizing Nose-Hoover thermostat. The interaction strength 〖(ε〗_(Si-W)) between wall atoms and water's oxegen atoms were adjusted to indicate different surface wettability or wall–fluid interaction. The higher value of 〖(ε〗_(Si-W)) , causes the higher hydrophilic wall interface. The simulation results showed that the interaction strength, (ε_(Si-W)) and temperature of system is important in determining the nanorheology of the nanochannel and flow resistance of the confined water. The drag resistance at the solid–fluid interface will increase with increasing the hydrophilicity of walls 〖(ε〗_(Si-W)). Also the heat dissipation of system will increase, with increasing the drag resistance at the solid–fluid interface, and it results, the heat flux of system will decrease.

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In this paper, motion of a flexible membrane and hydrodynamic interaction of multiple membranes in a microchannel are simulated by developing a computer code written in C. The membranes are considered as flexible boundaries immersed in the fluid. First a single biconcave shaped membrane with high rigidity is considered. Due to the rigidity of the membrane, it experiences tumbling motion and its vertical displacement becomes oscillatory. Then, the effects of initial position of a circular membrane on its deformation, vertical velocity and displacement are investigated. It was observed that as the initial location of the membrane approaches the channel’s central axis, its vertical displacement and velocity decreased, but its horizontal velocity component increased. Finally, the simultaneous motion of multiple membranes in a microchannel and their interaction with each other and with flow are evaluated. The membranes do not collide and hence the collision mechanism is not modeled. It was found that the upstream membrane experienced greatest deformation and the greatest force was exerted on it by the fluid on it. In addition, simultaneous presence of multiple membranes would result in a reduction in the flow velocity. The current numerical results have good agreement with the available valid numerical ones.

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One of the new approaches to produce nanoscale metals with ultera fine grains is applying severe plastic deformation on initial sample with coarse grains. In this method, by applying intense strain to the sample in several steps, the size of the grain decreases to a nanoscale, which results in the improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of the metals. One of the most important methods for this purpose is the constrained groove pressing (CGP) method. Due to the need for a small weight of space structures, sheets of aluminum alloys, aluminum7075-T6, and steel 4130 were selected. The mechanical behavior of the sheets was studied experimentally. The simulation of the interaction between the fluid and the structure was performed for a curved fin model with three different alloys and the deformation of the flying rocket was compared. The results show that the size of the aluminum7075-T6 block decreases from 60 microns to 270 nm with increasing the stages of the process, while the yield strength in the fourth pass increases compared to the annealed sample by 38%. The tensile strength increased by 34%, and the length elongation in the fourth passes reduced by 40%. The total deformation in the fin of the aluminum 7075-T6 improved to 99.9% with the CGP process. However, the amount of deformation in the steel 4130 fin compared to the CGPed aluminum7075-T6 is less than 0.1% of the total deformation.

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Objective: Pathological changes to endothelial cells of the vessel wall may lead to vascular stenosis. In this study, we investigate damages that appear following radiotherapy in two states, single fraction and fractionation irradiation, as an effective sign of cytoskeletal and nuclei structure of vascular wall endothelial cells.
Methods: We irradiated human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with a Cobalt-60 therapy machine at radiation doses of 0, 2, 4, and 8 Gy. We stained the skeletal structure of the membrane and nuclei within 24 h after irradiation. This cell line received fractionation radiation therapy at doses from 0 to 8 Gy, in sub-fractions of 2 Gy, after which we stained the cytoskeleton. Morphological parameters such as area and perimeter of the cells and nuclei were determined, and we evaluated the cell shape index (CSI) for cells from each group.
Results:  Increasing the irradiation dose from 0 to 8 Gy led to a significant decrease of CSI (approximately 56%) and a significant increase of nuclei shape index (approximately 85%; p<0.05). The cells’ areas and nuclei doubled (p<0.05). CSI parameter significantly decreased approximately 23% (4.5 times lower) during the radiotherapy fraction after application of the 8 Gy compared with control group cells.
Conclusion: After irradiation, we observed broken the membrane filaments that resulted in a new configuration, which led to increased cell and nuclei sizes along with alterations in the cell shape. Radiation therapy led to dose-dependent changes in morphological behavior response of the endothelial cells. Hence, it would be considered as a prognostic factor for behavior of healthy vascular cells in the process of radiotherapy.

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The present study examined the pool boiling process in a specific geometry by designing and constructing a laboratory complex. Investigation of pool boiling process, electrical resistance, critical heat flux, heat transfer coefficient, bubble growth and departure, bubble growth frequency, and nucleation site density by applying heat flux to critical heat flux was carried out on a ring wire in deionized water at different temperatures. According to the results, increasing the number of rings and fluid temperature decreased the critical heat flux. In the case of a ring wire with a constant number of rings, a fluid with a constant temperature, and the use of heat flux values less than the critical heat flux, the wire temperature increased, but it decreased in the case of increasing the number of rings, a fluid with a constant temperature and applying critical heat flux values. In a ring wire with a constant number of rings, the heat transfer coefficient was constant by increasing fluid temperature at values of heat flux less than the critical heat flux, but the heat transfer coefficient decreased at critical heat flux values. The diameters of the produced bubbles were enhanced by increasing heat flux and they separated from the rings when combined. At the beginning of the reddening of the ring wire, a critical heat flux occurred, and considering 110% of the time required for the critical heat flux, the images of the state of the ring wire after the critical heat flux are presented.