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Diagnostic Formative Assessment (DFA) has already established its applicability and necessity in second language teaching practice and research as a legitimate supplement to summative assessment. However, examples of practical implementations of DFA informing SLA research and an investigation of the detailed processes involved, especially when it comes to productive skills such as speaking in tertiary educational settings are rather scarce. Therefore, focusing on the formality dimension, as a rather neglected component in DFA, the present quasi-experimental study set out to compare the effects of formal and informal DFA on Iranian EFL learners’ oral fluency and accuracy at university level. For this purpose, a homogeneous group of 52 male and female L2 learners were assigned to two experimental conditions and after a speaking pre-test developed and scored based on IELTS speaking tasks, went through four months of formal and informal DFA based on four reiterative stages of Observation, Initial Assessment, Hypothesis Checking, and Decision Making. Upon the post-test, the results of ANCOVAs showed that both treatments equally contributed to learners’ development of oral fluency and accuracy, indicating that traditional skepticisms towards informal DFA must be revisited and they can serve as appropriate supplements to more formal approaches whenever necessitated by the instruction. EFL practitioners are recommended to take these rather broad, flexible, and convenient informal DFA practices into consideration and decide on their exact choices based on the particularities of the context, situation, and individual learners, which leads to an expansion in their pedagogical options.
 

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The present study investigates the effect of baking temperatures (140, 160, 180, 200, and 220℃) on texture kinetics. It also explores a statistical classification meta-algorithm, called Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), to predict texture changes during conventional cake baking. The experimental results indicated that texture properties were significantly affected by baking temperature and time. As time and temperature increased, there was an increase in hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness and a decrease in springiness. However, the impact of time and temperature on resilience was inconsistent, as it was maximum in the last quarter of the process. The predicted results revealed that the AdaBoost algorithm accurately predicted the texture properties with a high coefficient of determination (R² > 0.989) and minimal root mean square error (RMSE < 0.0019) across all textural properties. Therefore, it can serve as an efficient tool for predicting the texture properties of cakes during baking. Furthermore, the proposed methodology can be extended to predict the texture properties of other baked goods.
 

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This study was carried out to investigate alternative instead of corn gluten meal in diets and the effects of this substitution on blood biochemical and hematological parameters of common carp juvenile. Juvenile's carp with an average 11.5 ± 0.5g, 9 ± 1cm weight and length respectively, were fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. Diets with 31% crude protein and 3100 kcal kg-1 raw energy alternative levels of 150, 270 and 490 (gr kg-1) and a control diet without corn gluten was made. At the end of the experiment, blood biochemical parameters, including glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) in juveniles fed the experimental diets compared with the control group showed a significant difference (P0.05). Also with replacement value of corn gluten in experimental diets, it was concluded that growth and nutritional factors treatments compared with control group significantly decreased (P

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Aims: The assessment of threats and vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure such as urban water infrastructure can, in many cases, significantly reduce vulnerabilities or minimize the consequences of a threat. The aim of this research was to evaluate the components of the contingency and impact severity of human-oriented and natural-based threats in urban water infrastructure.
Instrument and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study, a library collection method, including the study of books, research, and domestic and International articles of researchers as well as Internet search was used. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by Hazop model and Friedman test, using SPSS 21 software.
Findings: According to the experts, the highest scores were assigned to terrorism acts and suppression, and, ultimately, human error. The most critical type of threat was recognized as chemical attack, military attack, and drought by the Hazop model. The second threat was rocket attacks, earthquakes, and terrorism. The human error ranked next in critical threats. The military attack and drought were recognized as an unacceptable crisis and the probability of a flood, a military attack (ground) and human error were ranked one to three. The impact severity (damage) of the military attack (ground), earthquake, and chemical pollution were ranked one to three, respectively.
Conclusion: The most critical types of threats are chemical pollution in urban water infrastructure, military attack, and drought and are recognized as unacceptable crisis. The probability of flood, military attack (ground), and human error are ranked one to three, and the impact severity (damage) of the military attack (ground), earthquake, and chemical pollution are ranked one to three, respectively.
 

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Background: Clindamycin inducible resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) isolates can cause failure in treatment with this antibiotic. Biofilm production via polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) contributes in the colonization of S. aureus, resulting in the initiation of different diseases. The aim of this study was to detect icaADBC genes among isolates of S.aureus with inducible resistance to clindamycin. Materials and Methods: A total of 209 clinical S.aureus isolates werecollected and identified by conventional phenotypic tests. Isolates with inducible resistance to clindamycin were detected by double disk diffusion test (D-Test) using clindamycin (2 μg) and erythromycin (15 μg). Oxacillin was used to detect Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the icaADBC genes. Results: The rate of clindamycin inducible resistance was 4% (n=8). All the isolates were susceptible to methicillin. Four isolates (50%) contained the whole icaADBC genes. The prevalence of icaA, icaB, icaC and icaD genes were 5 (62.5%), 4 (50%), 6 (75%) and 5 (62.5%), respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that the prevalence of  icaADBC genes among clindamycin inducible resistant strains was low, and also these strains were susceptible to methicillin.

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Vibrio cholerae O1 are classified into two biotypes, classical and El Tor based on susceptibility to bacteriophages and some biochemical properties, each encoding a biotype-specific genetic determinants. Before 1961, most epidemics had been caused by the classical biotype. However, with the passage of time, the classical biotype missed from the scenario and the El Tor emerged as the major biotype causing the cholera in humans. The present cholera global pandemic is attributed to a change among seventh pandemic strains and emergence of V. cholerae O139, V. cholerae O1 El Tor hybrid, and V. cholera O1 El Tor with altered cholera toxin subunit B. The V. cholerae  biotypes are not only different in phenotype but also human infections caused by them are different clinically. Infection with classical V. cholerae O1 more frequently produces severe infection than does El Tor, suggesting that the genetic and phenotypic differences between the two biotypes may also be reflected in their pathogenic potential. Considering the recent emergence of “hybrid biotype” and “El Tor variant” in different areas and in our country, we reviewed differences in genetic structure of V. cholerae biotypes.

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One of the important technical obstacles in the study of many filamentous fungi is the development of efficient transformation system. Transformation of filamentous fungi is difficult because they have a cell wall and for most frequently used approaches preparing of protoplast is necessary. Protoplast preparation is batch-dependent and often frustrating work. In this study, a modified method was introduced for gene transfer to the plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight disease in small grains. This protocol was based on protoplast-PEG method. Age of mycelia, enzymes exposure time and mycelium/enzyme ratio were optimized for the purpose of protoplast preparation. The outcome showed that the best result for protoplast preparation was obtained when 1.5 × 10⁵ spores were let germinate for 6 h then exposed to 10 ml of enzyme solution for 3 h. The effect of other parameters that might enhance transformation yields including PEG concentration, DNA quantity and number of protoplasts was also examined. The most efficient condition for transformation involved the use of 10⁶ protoplasts, 20 µg DNA and 30% PEG (w/v). In the course of this study, a simple and appropriate modified protocol for transformation of F. graminearum was established. The method introduced is also more economical and faster than other current methods.

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Aim: The aim of this study was comparing behavioral disorders in students with depressed and non-depressed mothers.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted among 35 (7-11 years old) children of depressed mothers as a case group and 35 children of healthy mothers as control group in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2015-16. The sample size was selected by multistage random cluster sampling. Research tools were Beck Depression Inventory, and Rutter behavioral disorders questionnaire. Data were analyzed using T-tests in the SPSS software (ver. 18).
Findings: Based on the findings of this study, more depressed mothers have children with more behavioral disorder. Aggression, hyperactivity, depression, anxiety, social dysfunction, and anti-social behaviors were seen more among students with depressed mothers comparing to students with non-depressed mothers.
Conclusion: Maternal depression is related to a wide range of child outcomes, and the effects continue from birth into adulthood. Children of depressed mothers are two to three times more likely to develop a mood disorder, and are at increased risk for impaired functioning across multiple domains, including cognitive, social and academic functioning, and poor physical health. At the same time, many children of depressed mothers develop normally. Therefore, the key research goal is to understand the pathways and processes through which maternal depression affects children. Child psychological counseling and psychiatric management along with mothers’ treatment is advisable.

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In this study, the spatial distribution of overwintered adults of Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton, was investigated by using dispersion parameters and indices, mathematical distribution, and regression techniques in rainfed wheat fields by sample size of 1 m² in 2009 and 2010. The dispersion parameters including: mean-variance test and clumping parameter () showed that the overwintered adults of Sunn pest population followed the negative binomial distribution pattern. Furthermore, the dispersion indices including: variance to mean ratio, Lloyd's index of mean crowding and Morisita index also confirmed the aggregated distribution pattern of overwintered adults of Sunn pest. Also, mathematical distribution and Taylor's power law () and Iwao's patchiness regression () showed the contagious distribution of overwintered adults of E. integriceps. These results can be useful in patch spraying for control of overwintered adults of E. integriceps in early season in wheat fields.  

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Herzberg theorized that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are different and independent factors. The Herzberg finding about motivator-hygiene factors were based on Storytelling Critical-Incident methodology and several researchers criticized this methodology and mentioned that Herzberg findings biased because of attribution error. In this paper the hygiene and motivator factors were measured using Teck-Hong & Waheed questionnaire. We tested a sample of 190 workers in an Electronic components factory at Tehran (120) and Shiraz (70) cities. Instrument for factor analyzing was SPSS16 software package. Results of factor analysis showed that there are considerable differences in motivator-hygiene factors between Tehran and Shiraz. According to results we found some distinct differences between the Herzberg theory and our findings on categorizing the motivator-hygiene factors. We developed two-factor theory to four- factor theory and concluded that money and security were independent factors. Further analysis of the results indicated that the motivator-hygiene factors were dependent factors Implications, limitations, and suggestions discussed. 

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Aim: The most important factor underlying the mortality of patients with diabetes is the lack of self-care. This study aimed to determine the effect of education via mobile text messaging on the self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This semi-experimental controlled study was carried out on 74 patients with diabetes in Chabahar, Iran. They were selected using convenience sampling in the health care centers, and were randomized into two control and intervention groups of 37 subjects each. The tools to collect data were questionnaires containing demographic profiles and self-care questionnaire. For each group, the questionnaires were completed, and educational SMS (short message service) was sent to the intervention group for four weeks. The post-test questionnaire was completed by both groups two months after educational intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 and appropriate statistical tests.
Findings: Before the intervention, the mean scores of all self-care dimensions between the two groups did not differ significantly but after that, the mean of total scores of self-care and some of its dimensions (adherence to diet, blood glucose self-monitoring and foot care) were positive, and significantly increased in the intervention group versus the control group regularly after intervention were not different significantly between the two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of sending SMS educational method (SSEM) in improving the self-care of patients, it is necessary to further consider and use this method.

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children and mothers of normal children.
Methods: This study was a comparative in terms of comparing obsessive-compulsive disorder and coping stress among mothers of disabled and normal children and correlation in terms of prediction of coping stress among two groups. All obsessive-compulsive women in Ahwaz, which was implemented on January 2017. 100 mothers of disabled children and 100 mothers of normal children were tested based on the severity of their OCD and their responses out of 40 scores: scores between 24-27, without OCD and scores between 27-32, with OCD, and scores greater than 32, very severe OCD and a functional disorder. Of these, 50 mothers of disabled children and 50 mothers of normal children having scores between 32 and 27 were selected for the test. In fact, their selection was done purposefully. Data collected with Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations CISS, which were analyzed with SPSS 23.
Findings: Mothers of normal children in stressfull conditions use problem-solving strategies. Approximately 68% of the variance criteria are predictable for OCD in the mothers of both disabled children and normal children. Accordingly, mothers of disabled children experience more stress than mothers of normal children.
Conclusion: Mothers of disabled children use emotion-focused and avoided strategies for coping stress.

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Introduction
Elections, as a political behavior, are the most important arena of political participation and play a fundamental role in determining the fate of society. Participation in elections and the act of voting are also the crystallization the will of public opinion and voters. Accordingly, analyzing electoral behavior of different periods can provide a more accurate understanding of the political, social and economic developments of each period. The present study aims to investigate, explain and analyze the factors affecting electoral behavior of the tenth and eleventh periods of the Islamic Consultative Assembly elections in the constituencies of Qasr-e-Shirin, Sar-e Pol-e Zahab and Gilan Gharb. The importance, necessity and motivation for choosing the subject, on the one hand, goes back to the fundamental position of the legislative branch, whose function has a fundamental impact and role on the fate of the people and the country. On the other hand, it is related to the constituency, which has not been researched in this field so far. This work is the first study and a response to this necessity.
The theoretical framework of the research is a combination of electoral behavior models and, based on this, it analyzes the role of tribal-ethnic divide, religious divide, and city-based orientation as long-term factors and political factionalism and economic factors as short-term factors in shaping the voting pattern of the constituency.
This constituency includes three cities with a population of 165,602 people and one representative. It also has specific geographical, cultural, and historical characteristics, a diverse population, and different economic and social conditions. The people of these areas are Kurds and are formed from different tribes and clans. Culturally, they are also a mixture of Sunnis, Shiites, and Ahl al-Haqq. These characteristics have been able to leave significant and noticeable effects on political and electoral orientations over time and in different periods.

Methodology
The data gathering procedure is based library and field finding method. The number of sample is 395 people who are 20 years old and more. T-test and paired t-tests are used to compare variables in the 10^th and 11^th elections of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the study area. The statistical method is used to compare the nature of the analyses.

Discussion and Results
The results showed that the long-term and short-term variables of the research have had an effect on voting behavior in both election periods. However, there are differences in the extent and manner of the effects of the aforementioned factors between the two periods. In such a way that the role of the tribal-clan divides and county orientation has increased in the 11^th period compared to the 10^th period, which indicates the strengthening and attention to ethnic and local identities. In contrast, the role of religious divide has decreased compared to the tenth period, which could indicate a change in voters' prioritization or a change in the approach of influential individuals in this field. The role of political factionalism and the economic factor has also been greater in the 11^th period which could be due to voters' increased attention to economic and livelihood conditions and political affiliations. However, the presence of candidates as voters with special political, social characteristics and financial capabilities at unconventional expense should not be ignored in voters' behavior.

Conclusion
The analysis of the voting pattern in the constituencies of Qasr-e Shirin, Sar-e Pol-e Zahab and Gilan Gharb in the tenth and eleventh periods of the Islamic Consultative Assembly shows significant changes in voters' priorities. The results of the analysis of the voting pattern in the social, political and economic space indicate the importance of paying attention to local, ethnic, religious and cultural needs. Therefore, the analysis of the findings indicates both the change and stability of some factors in the voting pattern. Overall, the analysis of these two periods shows that voting patterns were influenced by a combination of long-term and short-term factors. While some factors, such as religious divides, have remained stable, others, such as tribal-ethnic divides, city-state orientation, and political factionalism, have seen significant changes with increasing trends. The increasing importance of economic issues in both periods also indicates that livelihood problems and obstacles have remained at the center of voters’ decision-making.

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Shopping Mall Success in Terms of Factors Affecting on Customers' Shopping Welfare



Abstract
This paper presents a model to explain the role of the welfare of shopping customers is conducted on the success of commercial complexes in the country. Based on data collection, the present study is considered as descriptive. Before collecting the data through questionnaire, and so as to check the validity and reliability of the study, a pre-test was taken. Moreover, to assess the validity of the study, the diagnostic validity (DV) using an average variance extracted (AVE) was first calculated and the composite reliability (CR) was then applied to determine the reliability. Therefore, first the researchers reviewed the research literature, then, statistical sample of the population who were the customers of five commercial complexes in Tehran, were selected and the research hypotheses were tested using structural equations and regressions. The findings indicate a significant impact of variables of Functionality, ease of shopping and entertainment on shopping welfare and significant impact of variableof shopping welfare on complex commercial success, but the impact of the variables of Security and self-congruity on shopping welfare are not approved.

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Aims: Biofloc system is the usage of microorganisms such as heterotrophic bacteria, algae, dietary zooplanktons, and protists, which disintegrates and consumes reared aquatics propagation and non-eaten foods in ponds and increases the productivity of developed ponds as a modern aquaculture system. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of common carp meat reared in the biofloc system during the refrigerated storage time (4±1°C).
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 300 common carps were fed for 9 weeks by commercial food (control) and 3 experimental treatments were fed, and the quality indices of meat were evaluated. The data were analyzed by SPSS software 21, using Duncan's multiple range, one way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc tests.
Findings: The lowest meat taste quality was observed in sugar beet molasses treatment and it had a significant difference with other treatments (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in case of sensorial parameters and cooking loss percentage in fish meat (p>0.05). Control and sugar beet molasses treatments showed the lowest and highest skin redness index values, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid (TCA) value significantly increased and decreased in control and biofloc treatments, respectively, over storage time (p<0.05). Sulfhydryl and TCA soluble peptides values decreased during refrigerated storage time (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The biofluid system has a positive effect on the quality of common carp meat reared during the refrigerated storage time and increases its shelf-life.

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Regarding the importance of the quality of religious texts translation such as Qur'an and Hadith, the importance of evaluating this kind of translations is undeniable to preserve them. Among these texts, the translation of Sahifa Sajjadiyya is the one to draw less attention to be studied. One of the valuable translations in this regard is of Fouladvand which suffers from suppression. Suppression, part of negative translation techniques, has received more attention in the Garcés model. This model, proposed to evaluate translation at four levels, is divided into three main groups of addition, conservation and suppression. Suppression includes Omission, Contraction, simplism, modification in rhetorical analysis and Translator error. Applying a descriptive-analytical method, the present article examines the cases of suppression and frequency in Fouladvand translation to ensure its accuracy and conformity with scientific principles and to evaluate it scientifically. The basis of this assessment is to answer this question: How are the translational suppressions reflected in Fouladvand translation regarding the Garcés' suppression pattern? The results of this study show that the examples of suppression affecting this translation are: 1. Types of omissions (omission of a word, omission of several phrases or sentences and irregular omission of sentences, 2. Suppression or reduction (ellipsis, converting the passive to the active tense, nominalization, converting plural to singular) 3. Change in rhetorical analysis and 4. translator errors (semantic-lexical errors and syntactic-syntactic errors). The result indicates also the most frequent reduction is found in word omission and grammatical errors.
 

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The focus of this study was to extend investigations on Collembola fauna in parts of Hyrcanian forests - Hezarjirib forests, located near Neka in Mazandaran province. For this, irregular samplings from leaf litter and soil in different localities were done during 2020–2021. The springtail specimens were extracted by Berlese funnel and after permanent slide mounting identified by relevant taxonomic keys. It resulted in the identification of 25 species belonging to eight families and 19 genera. Three species including Hypogastrura papillata Gisin, 1949 (Hypogastruridae), Lepidocyrtus bicoloris Mateos, 2012 (Entomobryidae) and Folsomia trisetata Jordana & Ardanaz, 1981 (Isotomidae) were recorded for the first time from Iran. Brief information for each species including the material studied, distribution and some illustrations of the new records are given.

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Every word in the Holy Quran has its own meaning and has spiritual and rhetorical purposes, which should be considered in translation as well. One of the words that requires special attention in the translation of the Qur'an is the word "Innama", which is one of the Bounds and has a special place in the Holy Qur'an. However, despite the importance of paying attention to this matter, some translators have either not exercised the necessary care in translating "Innama", or have not translated it fundamentally, or have translated it incorrectly. In the present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, the verses in which "Innama" is used are extracted and studied in the translations of five translators (Ansarian, Khorramshahi, Fooladvand, Ghomshei and Makarem Shirazi). According to the results of the research, Common errors in the translation of "Innama" are: 1. Translation of the word "إنّما" emphatically, 2. Error in distinguishing the elements of Bound (Bouned and Bound into), 3. Error in distinguishing the Redundant "ma” from the private in "Innama", 4. The error in distinguishing the consonantal ma from the infinitive" ma”, 5. Error in finding the semantic equivalent of "Innama", 6. Error in the same translation of "ella" and "Innama". The results indicate that the translations of Khorramshahi (81 cases), Elahi Ghomshei (74 cases) and Ansarian (23 cases) did not pay the necessary attention to the translation of "Innama" and Makarem's translation has paid full attention to the emphatic translation of "Inna".