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Feminism and feministic critique of works of literature are the new topics in literature in the last century that has been highly regarded by writers and literary scholars. In contemporary Persian and Arabic literature, especially after the second half of the twentieth century, the growth of feminist approach to literature and poetry and prosing works of women-centered has been remarkable. Nawal El Saadawi and Shahrnoush Parsipour were feminist writers that protest a patriarchal system of social customs in their novels and look at the world with women mentality. Thus, due to the influence of feminist thinking and the current situation of women in novels of Saadawi and Parsipour, with an emphasis on descriptive - analytical and comparative approach, this article attempts to analyze the novels of "Diary of a doctor" and "The Dog and the Long Winter" based on feminist criticism. The findings suggest that the authors pay particular attention to factors such as protest against a patriarchal society, expression of oppression against women and women's identity an also have been trying to figure out individuality. In the field of differences, gender apartheid and hatred love and emotions of women in society are among feminist clear differences between the novels.

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Water erosion causes a series of on-site as well as off-site damages and problems on natural ecosystem. These damages include soil and nutrient loss and finally loss of productivity which causes costs to the society. So, this study attempts to quantify the economic value of soil productivity conservation as one of the important functions of rangelands vegetation and its economic cost by productivity losses. The soil loss amounts were obtained from integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) and map of erosion vulnerable areas using RUSLE model. Supplementary data such as soil nutrients (NPK) valuated from the measurement plots of a portable rainfall simulator (E65). Field plots were constructed to measure soil nutrients and soil loss from different soil types with different resistance to erosion. Rainfall simulation was carried out in three sites on the basis of geology map and different resistance to erosion. Nine experimental unit plots (1*1 m) were used to correlate nutrient loss to sediment losses. Assuming that nutrient loss by erosion could be replaced by fertilizers, economic cost of major nutrients estimated by market prices of fertilizers. Results showed that mean annual soil loss using RUSLE was 27.44 t ha^-1 y^-1 ranging from 0.0 to 996.06 t ha^-1 y^-1. Also, 114.17 kg ha^-1 y^-1 of N, P, K elements were lost in 2010 due to soil erosion in the degraded rangelands which costs (738944 Rial) 71.5 US$ ha^-1y^-1. Total economic cost of soil nutrient loss in 94978.6 ha of the rangelands of Nour-rud watershed basin, was estimated 70×10^{^}9 Rial (6.8×10⁶ US$). The maximum annual cost of soil nutrient loss was estimated in the "TRujs" geological formation (1.23×10⁶ US$) consisting of "gray shale, silt, sandstone, conglomerate" and the least cost belonged to the "Jl1" geological formation (0.916*10⁶ US$) which consists of "thin gray dolomite limestone". In economic terms there was a direct relationship between soil nutrient loss and its economic cost.

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Considering the colorful role of sports in raising the level of physical and mental fitness of citizens, sports facilities are considered one of the city's most important uses. The present research was carried out to spatially analyse sports venues in Mashhad using the geographic information system. According to the type of research, the research method is descriptive and analytical of the survey type, and according to the research purpose, it is applied research. The statistical population of the present study includes all sports fields, sports complexes and swimming pools in Mashhad city in 13 areas within the service area, and the research sample is equal to the statistical population (in full). First, the Information and Communication Technology Organization prepared geographical information of sports venues and maps related to population parameters. Spatial statistical analysis and the method of preparing cluster maps were used to examine the spatial distribution, and in the next step, the hot spot analysis method was used to examine the most important area. All these steps are under the category of Spatial Statics Tools. Spatial Analyst Tools was used to prepare density maps and depict layers. According to the results obtained, the sports facilities are somewhat distributed in clusters, and in some areas, they are randomly distributed, which indicates the uneven distribution of sports facilities in Mashhad. Sports have no significant dispersion, and the concentration of sports places in Mashhad is also in Regions 10 and nine.
 

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Background: Environmental stresses, especially salinity and drought, are effective on seed germination and growth.
Materials and Methods: After breaking seed dormancy by simultaneous use of leaching (48 hours) and gibberllic acid (1000 ppm), germination characteristics and seedling growth of Citrullus colocynthis from two ecotypes of Sistan-Baluchestan with six  levels of drought (0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2, -1.5 Mpa) and salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mM) were studied. This experiment was carried out in two different factorial experiments using completely randomized design with four replications. Statistical analysis was performed using version 18 of SPSS software and Factorial analysis of variance (general linear model) and mean comparisons were done using Duncan's multiple range test. Results: The results demonstrated that there were significant differences among different levels of drought and salinity in all measured traits (P<0.01) and a significant decrease in seed germination and seedling growth were observed with increasing levels of drought and salinity (P<0.01). The results revealed that there were significant interactions effect between ecotype and different levels of drought as well as salinity (P<0.01), so seed vigor of Zabol’ ecotype was higher than that of Saravan.
Discussion and Conclusions: This species has acceptable germination at -0.6 Mpa droughts and 50 mM salinity. These issues must be considered in its intense planting in Sistan-Baluchestan province and using of Zabol’ ecotype seed is recommended.

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The application of self-valuation system within the framework of fictional/factual positioning can be remarkably useful in providing a new approach to the analysis of the relation between the novelist and his/her fictional hero. In this paper we are examining the valuation system of the protagonist of the novel Man in the Dark (2008) by Paul Auster. Based on Hubert Hermans’ Valuation Theory, we examine the meaning units and their affective connotations in the narratives of the protagonist/author during his factual storytelling and his fictional confrontation with his hero. Moreover, basic motives of self-enhancement and the contact and the :union: with others and finally their affective profiles are discussed based on the model presented in the paper, i.e. Virtual Fictional/Factual Positioning (VFP). The findings of this research truly indicate that the art of storytelling helps the protagonist to rebuild his own identity and fix the ruins of his past. The dynamics of fictional and factual positioning motivate the I-as-storyteller position, which could effectively overcome the challenges created by I-as-husband and I-as-creator-of-war position and eventually develop new positive perspectives for the future. 

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Background: The escalating prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) commensal intestinal bacteria characterized by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production is an alarming global health threat. Drug users have been introduced as a major source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, possibly due to drug abuse. The present study aimed to investigate the potential factors related to fecal carriage of MDR ESBL-producing intestinal Escherichia coli (E. coli) in drug users in the southwest of Iran.
Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, stool samples of 109 drug users were collected and cultured. After the biochemical confirmation of E. coli isolates, the antimicrobial resistance pattern and ESBL production of the isolates were determined. Then logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine possible factors related to fecal carriage of MDR ESBL-producing intestinal E. coli.
Findings: Logistic regression analysis indicated that increasing age and duration of addiction were associated with increased risk of MDR ESBL-producing E. coli carriage in the intestinal flora of drug users (p< .05). Moreover, oral drug use compared to the smoking method led to a higher carriage rate of MDR ESBL-producing E. coli in the intestinal flora of drug users (p< .05). Also, self-employed drug users compared to those with fixed public occupation showed higher rates of MDR ESBL-producing E. coli carriage in their intestinal flora (p< .05).
Conclusion: Age, duration of addiction, method of drug use, and occupation were significantly associated with MDR ESBL-producing E. coli colonization.

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Molds can be noted as one of the major factors in bread corruption that mainly caused by Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. In addition to the economic losses caused by mold, types of toxins produced by them can also cause health problems. Chemical preservative such as propionic and sorbic acids are mainly used for preventing mold growth that it is not receptive to consumers. In recent years due to increasing public awareness, Customers demand to reduce the use of chemicals and the use of natural preservatives. Lactic acid bacteria are one of the biological preservatives that because of the antimicrobial properties and in some cases due to the positive effects on organoleptic properties have received much attention. In this project, the effect of spraying the bacterium Lactococcus lactis PTCC 1336 at three concentrations (zero, 10⁴ cfu /cm² and 10⁶ cfu /cm²) and also the combined use of calcium propionate in three levels , zero, 2 and 4 % (w/w) on improving the duration of preservation and its effect on organoleptic properties of bread and also its effect on reducing the amount of calcium propionate was investigated. In those bread, the quantity of pH, acidity, and the amount of mold formation (macroscopic and laboratory observations) were measured. The results showed Spraying bacterium Lactococcus lactis PTCC 1336 on bread Can be more powerful Compared with calcium propionate Compared with calcium propionate reduces the mold. So the least amount of mold at the sample M3P3 (Samples containing 10⁶cfu/cm², 0.4% PC) observed.  as well The results showed concomitant use of Lactococcus lactis PTCC 1336 and calcium propionate Activity on mold synergistic effects are produced.

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Internationally, employability has recently become an increasingly controversial issue in higher education. The emergence of knowledge-based economies, accompanied by the by-products of globalization, has forced agricultural higher education systems all around the world to think twice about the quantity and quality of their courses. On one hand, there has been a surplus of highly educated graduates seeking a career, while on the other hand, potential employers complain of a skill-mismatch phenomenon. Employability is defined as the perceived ability of conquering sustainable employment appropriate to one’s qualification(s). This study evaluates factors influencing the employability of senior agricultural students at the level of Bachelor of Science (BSc) using a descriptive-correlation survey methodology. A sample of 274 out of 979 senior agricultural students was selected from agricultural faculties of five universities located in the western provinces of Iran through a stratified random sampling technique. Students showed moderate employability levels, which were significantly different depending on their field of study. The path analysis technique revealed that social class, university obligations, mastery in generic competencies, and agricultural background were the most important factors affecting students’ perceived employability, respectively.

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Incremental forming of sheet metals is a new method to produce parts in small batches. Since no die is used, relatively cheap equipment and also reduction of forming forces, parts with different sizes can be produced with lower cost in comparison with conventional methods like deep drawing. Due to low formability of Ti-6Al-4V at room temperature, forming of these sheets should performed at high temperatures. Simultaneous effect of heat generation and deformation can be realized in Electric Hot Incremental Forming of sheets. In this method, because of passing electric current through a closed circuit including voltage supply, spherical tool and sheet, local heat is produced at tool and sheet interface and by incremental movement of tool on the sheet, the desired geometry is formed. In this research Ti-6Al-4V sheet is experimentally formed by Electric Hot Incremental Forming method and effect of influencing parameters, namely initial sheet thickness, feed rate, spindle speed, tool vertical step size and amount of current passing circuit on formability and maximum forming angle of a frustum with varying wall angle is investigated. Amount of current entering the circuit has a significant effect on sheet formability and with increasing sheet thickness, amount of current required for deformation increases. Passing very high current through the circuit causes sheet burning and reduction of formability. It will be shown that a decrease in feed rate, step size and spindle speed and an increase in sheet thickness can increase maximum forming angle.

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From oil and gas engineering point of view, one of the challenges in low permeable or damaged wells is improving the productivity. There are different methods to increase the productivity of low permeable wells and one of the most efficient one is hydraulic fracturing. In this study, two-dimensional modeling of hydraulic fracturing using finite element method and cohesive element approach through traction-separation law has been performed. This approach avoids the singularity in the crack tip and the cohesive zone fits naturally into the conventional finite element method. Hydraulic fracture is assumed to propagate in a poroelastic and permeable medium with a constant injection rate and under quasi-static conditions and the criterion for fracture initiation is quadratic nominal stress criterion. Also as a propagation criterion, Benzeggagh Kenane (BK) approach has been considered. Two types of elements have been implemented in the model which are 4-node bilinear displacement and pore pressure reduced integration and 6-node displacement and pore pressure two- dimensional cohesive element. Cohesive elements have three degrees of freedom that two of them are in X and Y directions and one of them is pore pressure. Mesh size in the near fracture region is small enough to consider the stress and pressure distribution efficiently and avoid any problem in convergence. Meantime, to decrease the computation cost the mesh size gradually increases from fracture area to the boundaries. Also, to increase the accuracy of the model, the time steps for fracture propagation is 0.01 second. In addition, the effect of fracturing fluid has been directly included in the model which means that the fluid pressure would be applied along the fracture without any simplifying assumption. To validate the model, the results have been compared with KGD approach. The results indicate that in the initial steps the pressure at the wellbore wall is high which decreases with time significantly and eventually it gets a steady and uniform trend. In other words, in the initial steps, the fluid pressure should be high enough to overcome the hoop stress around the wellbore and after some injection periods, the fracturing fluid pressure would reach the breakdown pressure and the fracture starts to initiate and propagate. It is clearly observed that increasing the injection rate would lead to faster propagation of hydraulic fracture and in the models with higher injection rate the fracture tends to grow in the propagation direction. This indirectly means that increasing the injection rate would affect both opening and length of the hydraulic fracture which can result in increasing the productivity. The results reveal that the peak of the normal effective stress profiles corresponds to the fracture tip position, where the fracture opening is zero,and the peak value equals the cohesive strength of the material,as expected.Moreover,with increasing thedistance from the fracture tip,the stress decreases rapidly and approaches the initial stress value. The way that Young’s modulus affects the overall characteristics of hydraulic fracture implies that higher Young’s modulus would lead to longer fractures. In other words, formations with higher Young’s modulus can be fractured easily but the opening of the hydraulic fracture would reduce at the same time. This also indirectly means that Young’s modulus would play an important role in the productivity.

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According to the food pyramid, cereals have long been one of the main raw materials and the first group in the diet of people. Acrylamide is produced by the Millard reaction when carbohydrate foods are exposed to heat. The amount of acrylamide in products such as cereals, flour products, coffees, potatoes and dried products is significant. Since Taftoon bread is one of the most widely used flour products in the country, in this study, was investigated the effect of asparaginase enzyme and Taftoon bread toasting degree on acrylamide content. For this purpose, the amount of acrylamide was investigated in three cases without toasting, level one toasting and level two toasting, as well as asparaginase enzyme at two concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm in Taftoon bread. Also the effect of these treatments was investigated on the texture and color of bread. According to the results, with increasing of toasting degree, acrylamide content increases too. And increasing of toasting degree leads to darkening of the color bread and increasing shear strength. Use of asparaginase enzyme at a concentration of 500 ppm, at the highest toasting degree was able to reduce the acrylamide content by 86% compared to the control sample. In this study, asparaginase enzyme had no significant effect on texture and color of bread. In the final, samples of bread were made available to the judges for sensory evaluation. The results showed that the asparaginase enzyme did not change the sensory properties of bread despite the decrease in acrylamide content.

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These days, investigation on using acoustofluidic microchannels in separation of microparticles and cells is under consideration. Working under optimum efficiency, these microchannels should be designed and manufactured truly. In this work, a new methodology for designing and manufacturing of acoustofluidic microchannels are explained. Then, a metallic microchannel with 2-nodes of pressure wave based on this method was developed. For mass production purpose, a low cost and reliable method which is CNC micromachining is used. Also, to conduct the heat generated by the wave, this microchannel was made out of aluminum and then polishing technique is applied. Then, the performance of this microchannel in agglomerating of human blood cells and BT-20 breast cancer cells to nodal lines was experimentally studied. The results showed that the applied design and manufacturing technique are suitable. Although some tests were performed to find temperature rise of microchannel due to damping effect, it was found that true design method and also using metals with high thermal conductivity can prevent the temperature increase to the point beyond which living cells will be hurt.