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Geopolitics is considered a tool for advancing foreign policy goals. Geopolitics is an effort to push the world towards a situation where political affairs and its perspectives are considered integrated and uniform. Therefore, foreign policy objectives should be evaluated in line with its geopolitical perspective, which will include material resources to ideological and semantic resources. In the meantime, Iran's interaction with the African continent and Ethiopia increased significantly in the 1960s-1970s, which was influenced by economic, political and strategic factors. This research was written with the aim of explaining and investigating the geopolitical factors influencing the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Ethiopia using descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the research showed that geographical, economic, cultural, political, security factors, the presence of regional and extra-regional powers are among the important factors that have pushed the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards Ethiopia. Because Ethiopia has long-standing historical and cultural ties with Iran, and from the economic point of view, due to its proximity to West Asia, it can be considered as Iran's gateway to Africa and to some extent free Iran from international isolation that it has not been able to so far. is to take advantage of this unique situation properly. As a result, it can be said that the Islamic Republic of Iran will be able to increase its influence in this country through the formulation of policies in the economic, cultural and political dimension
 

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Backgrounds: Evidence indicating the association of cancers and chronic inflammations is increasing. The importance of urinary tract and sexually transmitted infections (UTIs and STIs) in the development of prostate cancer is still unclear. Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is one of the most important causes of UTIs and STIs. Here, a case-control study was performed on the Iranian population to assess the association between C. trachomatis and prostate cancer (PC).
Materials & Methods: Paraffin-embedded prostate tissue specimens collected from 62 PC and 62 PBH (benign prostate hyperplasia) (as controls) patients were screened to detect C. trachomatis 16srRNA gene using nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) method. A p-value < .05 was interpreted as a remarkable difference using SPSS statistical software Ver. 16.
Findings: There was a significant difference regarding the prevalence of C. trachomatis (p < .001; OR=10.07; 95% CI [2.81-36.001]) between the PC (33.87%) and BPH (4.84%) samples. Furthermore, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were statistically higher (p< .05) in C. trachomatis-positive patients than in patients with negative C. trachomatis.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that patients with a history of C. trachomatis infections are more likely to develope PC. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of C. trachomatis infection may help the prevention of PC. Moreover, nested PCR is a suitable method for C. trachomatis detection in paraffin-embedded prostate tissue specimens.

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One of the most important sectors of each culture is folklore, which consists of different dimensions. The present study, focused on the culture and literature of the Baloch people, aims to recognize in what dimensions the Baloch women have been embodied in the Baloch epics; secondly, what position they have in the society and their family? Therefore, the main objective of this study is to identify and interpret the mechanism that in Baloch epics provides for a specific situation and status in relation to the Baloch women. To this aim, the qualitative and documentary methods of analysis were employed; in order to better interpret the obtained data, some feminist theories such as radical feminism, social feminism, and liberal feminism were used critically to find out whether the issues that are extracted from the data could be discussed through these frameworks. The results show that the images obtained imply some dimensions such as: adversative of peace and lasting relations between the powerful chiefs; power and wealth; intelligence; bravery, and militancy; a shelter against danger; and the adversative of the family relations by doing wrong judgments. In general, it was found that women who are mentioned in the Baloch epics have an equal value and status compared with men.

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Abstract
This article, with a descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of conducting a thematic-qualitative ethnographic analysis, seeks to study the features that are in the folklore of the Balochi people. Therefore, by describing, classifying, and extracting the features of these works, their research capacities have been evaluated in terms of theoretical and methodological aspects. Based on the findings, two categories of works can be identified in this area; first, works in which only Balochi folklore texts are collected; second, the works that scholars have attempted to provide interpretations of. These features have enriched the research capacity of these works. These capacities are grouped in four main categories as: accurate descriptions and interpretive analysis; attention to the factors and contexts of the formation of the subjects under study; looking at issues as a part of an overall mechanism in culture; the classification and presentation of categories and semantic patterns. Therefore, based on the anthropological insight, a kind of perspective was drawn that can be used to gain a deeper understanding of the mental and intellectual structures of the creators of Balochi folklore.
Research background
Various authors with different scientific specialties have studied and written about the field of folklore of the Balochi people. Some of them, for example, Jahandideh (1390), Bausani (1971), Iftikharzadeh (1388), and Baloch researchers have a literary approach and mainly focus on some important linguistic aspects such as grammar, syntax, or pronouns. Some other foreign scholars such as Leech (1838), Burton (1990) or Dames (1905), who have been sent as missionaries to the Balochistan region, have a more orientalist approach. In general, all of these works have been used as the literary background of the research in order to open a way to a kind of anthropological perspective for a better study of this field.
Research aims and questions
This study aims to answer the following questions: what are the characteristics of the existing works in the field of popular literature in Balochistan? And how can one move towards an anthropological perspective by studying the popular literature of the Balochi people? Accordingly, in this study, first, the characteristics of the works were examined, which are more accessible in libraries than other works in the field of Balochi folk. Then, it was considered how to use these works to move towards a kind of anthropological perspective in the field of folklore studies in Balochistan.
Discussion
In the first part of the research, the main features of Balochistan folklore texts were categorized; in the second part, an attempt was made to draw a kind of anthropological perspective by using the characteristics of these works, which will help to better understand the works. The main categories obtained from the data are: having accurate descriptions and performing interpretive analysis; attention to the factors and contexts of formation of the subjects under study; attention to issues as part of a general mechanism in culture; classification and presentation of semantic categories and patterns. These categories show that by adopting and applying anthropological interpretive-qualitative approaches in the field of folklore of Balochi people, it is possible to better identify the original views and indigenous logic of the Baloch community. Folklore originates from the traditions of the people of each region and it is passed on to future generations through these traditions. In the meantime, what is produced and reproduced are many concepts and ideas that have found no other way for expression.
Conclusion
In general, if the territory of Balochistan folklore is approached from an interpretive-qualitative point of view, the indigenous rationality of Baloch popular literature will be properly understood. The studies that have been done so far, due to their methodological and theoretical capacities, will be able to answer the questions that are necessary for the folklore of Balochistan. Employing a kind of interpretive and indigenous methodology that is able to create dialectical relations and understand the diversity of mental world of the Baloch people is the most appropriate way to understand the folklore works of this region. Therefore, in a world where diverse ideas and thoughts do not always have a chance to be understood, grasping these concepts through such a strategy will contribute to Baluchi culture and its holders in a better and more effective way.
References
- Badalkhan, S. (1992). A glance at Balochi oral poetry. Newsletter of Balochistan Studies, 8, 3-45.
- Bausani, A. (1971). Baluchi language and literature. Mahfil, 7 (1-2), 43-54.
- Burton, J. (1990). Conflict: Resolution and Prevention. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
- Dames, M. L. W. (1905). A text book of the Balochi language. Lahore: Punjab Government Press.
- Iftikharzadeh, A. (2009). Balochi Tales (in Farsi). Tehran: Cheshmeh Press.
- Jahandideh. A. (2011). Epic in Balochistan (in Farsi). Tehran: Moien Press.
- Leech, R. (1838). Grammar of the Balochky Language. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 7(2) 38-56.

•  Sureniants, V. B. (2003). A story of Mir Hamza, the forefather of the Baluches. Iran and Caucasus, 7(1-2) 133-146.

 

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of producer cooperatives (PCs) on rural development in Fars, Khorasan, Semnan, Golestan and Hamadan provinces of Iran in 2007. More specifically, this paper focuses on the economic aspects and social changes occurred in rural area concerning the cooperatives development. In order to measure quantitatively the effectiveness of economic and social changes, we included per capita income, factors productivity, expansion of rain irrigation, technology changes as economic indicators and the rate of participation in social activities, rate of migration and job creation as social indicators in the model. The findings based on 212 Producers Cooperative sampling data in the selected provinces show that the PCs have played a positive role in preventing migration to urban area. Moreover, the PCs have statistically significant and positive effects on the production, employment and labor productivity in this sector. In addition, in some areas they contributed to develop commercial agriculture.

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In the 20th century, two influential novels were written in Egypt and Iran, which found a special place. Dr. Heikel's novel Zeinab in Egypt and Ali Mohammad Afghani's novel Shohar Aho Khanum established a new trend in the fiction prose of the two countries. Obviously, due to the nature of the novel and the detail in it, the element of description has a prominent position. Dialogue is one of the effective tools in description and makes the flow of the story between the characters more alive. Although Zeinab's novel has not yet been translated into Farsi and only an English translation of it is available, a thesis has been compiled on the comparison of these two influential novels, and an article has been prepared on the description of these two works. Using the descriptive-analytical method and library method, this research compares the role and effect and how the dialogue element is used in the descriptions of the novel Shuhar Ahokhanam by Mohammad Ali Afghani and the novel Zeinab by Mohammad Hossein Heikal as two pioneering novels in the presian & Arabic literature.The dialogue element in Shohar Ahokhanam's novel is bold, technical and more effective than the dialogue in Zeinab's novel, especially in the plot of the story.

 

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The near dry EDM process uses a mixture of a liquid and a gas as dielectric medium. In this study, near dry EDM process at three levels of discharge energy and with two brass and copper electrode was studied to investigate the effects of tool material on machining performance. Also, the Taguchi method of design of experiments technique was employed to study the effects of nonelectrical parameters such as tool rotational speed, liquid flow rate, gas pressure and also discharge energy on material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear ratio (TWR) and surface roughness (SR) and also the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to find the most important factors effecting MRR, TWR and SR. The results showed that copper electrode has higher MRR and lower TWR as compared to brass electrode. Also the analysis of main effect plots obtained by Taguchi method indicated that MRR and SR is enhanced by increasing water flow rate and discharge energy and also increasing gas pressure leads to lower TWR. The ANOVA results showed that discharge energy is the most important factor influencing MRR, TWR and SR.

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Drilling is the most widely used process for producing holes through the manufacturing parts. Drilling, as well as other machining processes, produce undesired raised material on both entrance and exit edges. The raised material caused by plastic flow is defined as burr, which is necessary to be removed for critical and precise part. In this work, magnetic abrasive deburring (MAD) was used to investigate the deburring performance of stainless steel. Firstly preliminary simulations were carried out by Maxwell software to determine appropriate MAD tool. Then, influence of MAD variables such as height of gap, mesh number and rotational speed were studied on burr height variation. Results indicated that mesh number of abrasive particles has the dominate effect in burr removal of stainless steel plate by this process.

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The Prandtl-Ishlinskii (P-I) model is one of the powerful models which is used in modeling complex hysteretic nonlinear behavior in systems. The initial form of this model, called the Classical Prandtl-Ishlinskii model, cannot describe systems with output saturation and also results have considerable error when there is an asymmetric in hysteresis loops. In order to eliminate these defects, some modifications are applied to the Classical Prandtl-Ishlinskii model and these models are called the generalized or modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii models. This model is usually utilized in modeling complex hysteresis nonlinear behavior in piezoceramic, piezoelectric, magnetostrictive and shape memory alloy actuators, but in this work, the model is used for identification hysteresis behavior of hydraulic proportional relief valve consist of asymmetric hysteresis loops. This model is trained by the experimental data which are obtained of hydraulic proportional relief valve and then the parameters of the model are identified in order to adapt the model response to the real hysteretic behavior. The data consist of the descending reversal curves of major loop. Then the accuracy of the obtained model in predicting nonlinear hysteresis behavior of the valve is validated with some different experimental data. The results show this model has well accurate and good ability in behavior prediction of proportional relief valve.

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Incremental sheet forming has already provided distinct advantages, such as inexpensive tools and the simplicity of the process, over conventional sheet forming processes. However, the method still has some limitations. Among these limitations, severe thinning has significant effects on the performance of the final product. Also, some parts with high wall angles cannot be formed by single stage incremental forming. To overcome these restrictions, multistage incremental forming can be implemented to achieve the desired wall angle, better thickness distribution, and the lower thinning. In this study, a two-stage incremental forming of an aluminum truncated pyramid with a wall angle of 70° was studied experimentally and numerically in order to improve the achievable minimum thickness. By introducing two-stage forming strategies and achieving their defining parameters using finite element simulation, the sheet thinning was compared to the one in the single-stage forming. Experiments were used to validate the finite element analysis. The results revealed that using the two-stage forming strategy, the minimum thickness can be improved twice than the one in the single-stage forming. A good agreement was observed between the thickness distribution obtained by experiments and predicted by the finite element modeling. Finally, the effect of forming strategies on the strain paths was investigated through the finite element simulation and the experimental fracture forming limit diagram.

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The main concern in designing of multi-cavity molds is flow balance between cavities. Any departure in flow balancing of the cavities can resulte difficulties in processing and quality of injected parts. In this paper, flow balance in a two-cavity plastic injection mold with different sizes (or called family-cavity mold) was investigated. Moldflow software was implemented to predict the filling phase through the cavities. Diameters of runners related to each cavity were adjusted to attain a balanced flow. Evaluating the flow balance was conducted by injection molding as short-shot and measuring the weight of each cavity. A high density polyethylene (HDPE) was applied as plastic material in this research. Good agreement was observed between experimental and simulation results. Moreover, in this paper one of the runners could be resized while injection molding via an insert located in the mold. The effect of flow balance on the tensile properties of the injection molded specimens was investigated. The results indicated that the parts obtained from the balanced mold exhibit a higher tensile strength and elongation at break up to 14% and 18%, respectively. The dimensions of injected parts were measured. It was found that there are not any differences between the shrinkage of specimens obtained by balanced and unbalanced mold.

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Nowadays, the use of natural antioxidants to increase the shelf life of foods has increased. In this study, kiwifruit peel extract was obtained by probe sonication at two intensities of 50 and 80% and ultrasonic bath. The free phenolic of bath ultrasound (265.88 mg/g), and bonded phenol in two intensities 50% (60.36 mg /g) and 80% (63.83 mg/g) had antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging method. Nano-encapsulated phenolic compound was performed using garden cress seed gum. All three nano-encapsulated phenols had nanometer size (146.5-172.3 nm) and negative zeta potential. In order to compare the antioxidant activity of free and bonded phenolic compounds nano-encapsulated phenols at 800 ppm and synthetic antioxidant TBHQ at 100 ppm were added to soybean oil without antioxidant. The samples were stored at 60 ° C for 40 days and tests were performed on the samples for 8 days intervals. The results showed that with increasing storage time, the amount of release and sedimentation of phenolic compounds increased. Oxidation of oil increased with storage time. The lowest and highest oxidation rates were observed in TBHQ and control samples, respectively. The use of bonded phenol at 80% intensity due to no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) with the sample containing synthetic antioxidant can be used as a natural antioxidant to extend the shelf life of the oil.
 

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Tribalism was the most important component of the thoughts and behavior of Arabs who had transformed themselves into Islam. In the teachings of Islam, there was no place for tribal prejudice, and the Prophet (PBUH) did not give it an opportunity to rise through his revelation and management. Tribalism re-emerged with the passing of the Prophet and gradually became a discourse and affected many issues of the Islamic community. Families are important components of tribal discourse, and Hashemites, as one of the three famous families of Quraysh, as well as the founding family of Islam, are more than others in the context of its developments and currents. The main issue of this research is the question of how did tribalism affect the virtue and identity of Hashemites after the Prophet? After a descriptive-analytical survey, it was revealed that the Prophet of Islam did not define identity and virtue separately from other Muslims, and the privileges of Ahl al-Bayt and Zil-Qoraba, which were limited to five in the time of the Prophet, were due to their records and virtues and had no connection of being Hashemite. But with tribalism overcoming after the Hashemite Prophet, they were given the opportunity to make themselves a partner in the virtues of the Prophet's household and inheritance. The caliphs' actions and their own aspirations contributed to this issue. The Hashemite gradually shared with the Ahl al-Bayt virtues and found a new identity, and, relying on this identity, claimed the most important legacy of the Prophet, i.e. the leadership.
 

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Original Walkley-Black (OWB) method has been extensively used for measuring Soil Organic Carbon (SOC), mainly because of its convenience. However, the reliability of this method is still under speculation. In recent years, Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon (POXC) has been suggested to be more useful than the total SOC. In the present study, SOC contents of the 20 non-calcareous soil samples (0-20 cm) were determined by the OWB method and its modified versions (WB with external heating and WB using colorimetric determination) to understand their relationships with easy-to-find Soil Organic Matter (SOM) determined by the method of Loss-On-Ignition (LOI) at two temperatures (400 and 550°C). The POXC was also determined in the sampled soils and applicable relationships were specified between these methods. Eight of the 20 soils were selected to determine the accuracy of different WB methods using total organic carbon by CHN elemental analysis. Results showed strong power relationships between LOI and OWB methods. The WB method with external heating exhibited the highest recovery (95.3%) among the tested methods. This could be attributed to the finer soil particles used in the proposed method (less than 0.15 mm) than what has been used in the conventional method (less than 0.5 mm). The POXC method showed a high correlation with OWB method and, on average, accounted for only 4.1% of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC). This would likely reduce the value of POXC as an independent parameter to derive the labile fraction of SOC.
 

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Historiography throughout the nineteenth century was influenced by the two paradigms of Leopold von Ranke's "narrative" and Auguste Comte's "positivism." From his birth, Comte’s sociology took the path of separation from history. Marx, Weber, and Durkheim descended from the ivory tower of positivism and began the first convergent steps by questioning history. Marc Bloch pioneered this convergence, and his efforts and those of anal historians at the beginning of the twentieth century had a clear impact on the formation of new knowledge of historical sociology. This contemporary knowledge is not well-known and the dialogue of sociologists and historians, according to Fernand Braudel, remained the conversation of the deaf. On the other hand, the excitement of some historians in turning to sociological theories and their misuse caused them to distance themselves from the principles of historiography. The main question of this research is: What are the components of Mark Bloch's methodology in historiography? How can this methodology be used by historians? The findings of this study show:1- "Critique of narrative-oriented historiography and influenced by positivism",  2- "Extensive but conditional receipt of other knowledge" and 3- Presenting a "comparative history" forms the main components of Bloch's approach, which historians can present a more scientific and humane history by being aware of these components and examples of Bloch's research.