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Introduction: In cognitive linguistics, the study of linguistic meaning is not the aim by itself. Instead in this field of linguistics, the focus is on understanding the nature of conceptual system of human's mind.  Noting that image schema due to its importance in understanding of abstract concepts are an important category in linguistic studies. This paper studies the embodied patterns of image schemas in the absolute congenital blind compared with their counterparts based on Johnson's embodied cognition theory (1987) in cognitive semantics.
Method: The methodology of this quantitative research is comparative between two groups of blind and non-blinds.  Thus, 48 male and female blinds and non-blinds with diploma and graduate education aged 18- 28 years, due to the study of such variables as gender, education and age, were evaluated, and they were asked to describe 30 selected words based on Ricci Bitty and Poggi's  procedures (1991), then their image schemas were investigated.
Results and Findings: The results showed that the blinds, due to lack of vision, use more lexical descriptions and more image schema than their counterparts, in a way, graduate female blinds were reported as the most frequent users of image schema. The statistics also prove that the path and cycle schema, among different types of schema proposed by Johnson (1987), have the most and the least amount of usage in both groups respectively. Also, the study showed that age, gender, education variables as influential factors had no effect on understanding blind people and their counterparts from the image schema.
 
 

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One of the main goals of developing countries is to achieve a sustainable economic growth. The exports promotion can directly help economic growth. Therefore, recognizing the factors influencing economic growth is of utmost important. Regarding the significance of factors affecting non-oil exports in trade policy making, this study aims to investigate the impact of exports insurance subsidy and other relevant variables on non-oil exports in Iran. To do this, the short- and long-term relationships between non-oil exports and exports insurance subsidy are estimated by Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) over the period 1995-2011. The results show that exports insurance subsidy is of positive effect on non-oil exports in both short- and long-term. 

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Nowadays, due to energy crisis and the increase in the energy demand, the use of alternative fuels is essential. Landfill gas (LFG) is a natural product of the decomposition of organic material in landfills which is composed of methane and carbon dioxide. Impinging flames are unique configuration which leads to an increase in the amount of mixing and improving combustion efficiency. In this study, temperature field and flame structure of laminar premixed flame of landfill-air in cross burners have been examined. The flame temperature field of combustion products was obtained by the Mach-Zehnder interferometry method. To validate the results, the obtained temperatures of Mach-Zehnder method were compared to measured data by thermocouples and good agreement was observed. The effects of angle and distance between two burners have been studied to investigate the effect of burner’s configuration on the flame structure. These two parameters in laminar flow regime have been studied, while the angle between two burners varied from 60 to 100 degree and dimensionless distance (S⁄D_h ) varied from 3.44 to 9.63. The obtained results showed the burner’s angle does not have much impact on the maximum flame temperature but the flame structure is very affected by this parameter. On the other hand, the distance between burners has strong effect on the maximum flame temperature, flame structure, and the region of maximum flame temperature.

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A spillway is a hydraulic structure that is provided at storage and detention dams to release surplus or flood water that cannot be safely stored in the reservoir. In this paper, two-dimensional simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow on stepped spillway in different discharge rate is studied. The VOF model and the two-fluid model are used in order to simulate numerically and then the results of the two models are compared. In order to study the influence of aeration in stepped spillway, two different physics are proposed. In the first geometry it is assumed that there is no air intake via stairs and in second geometry air intake and its effect on the flow over the spillway is studied by embedding hole in the top edge of stair. The air pressure is assumed to be atmospheric. The results showed that VOF model provide more accurate result than that of two-fluid model in low discharge rate. However, in cases where aeration is studied, because of mixing phases, this model is not able to simulate fluid flow as well as two-fluid model. The two-fluid model is more accurate due to solving equations for both phases (air and water). For verification, numerical results have been compared with experimental values and determined that numerical models are able to predict the total energy loss within an error range of %10 compared with the measured experimental data.

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In the current study, two-phase flow of water and air over a stepped spillway is probed in the form of a two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow. A novel numerical approach is used for the numerical simulation which is a combination of two models: volume of fluid (VOF) which uses an interface tracking algorithm for the simulation of the two-phase flow and two-fluid model which is based on time and space averaged equations and cannot track the interface explicitly. The most important issue in the introduced approach is to couple the two basic methods and select a proper criterion for status change between two basic methods. The latter criterion is based on an approximation from local distribution of the interface at each cell. In the hybrid method. In order to investigate the aeration effect in the stepped spillway, the air suction is generated by designing some holes at the upper edge of the steps and considering atmosphere pressure for these areas. The obtained results divulge the amount of dispersion is low at the beginning part of the step and also the hybrid model take more advantages from VOF, while in the lower steps where the flow disperses two-fluid model has hegemony. The results are compared in the form of pressure contours and streamlines as well as volume fraction counters. The comparison shows that the results of the proposed method is closer to the experimental results with respect to each of the basic model.