Showing 55 results for Farhadi
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Rural handwoven carpet weavers, particularly in the context of handmade silk carpet production, grapple with significant challenges concerning recognizing all stakeholders and establishing timely connections. These challenges have a substantial impact on the adoption of innovation in carpet production and the overall enhancement of productivity. This research was conducted to scrutinize the communication network of carpet weavers within the Knowledge and Innovation System (KIS) of handmade silk carpet production in rural areas. Data were gathered through interviews with 270 rural households in Zanjan province, specifically in the Tarom, Khodabandeh, and Zanjan counties, utilizing a structured questionnaire. Social Network Analysis (SNA) in UCINET was employed to examine the interactions among these actors, and graphical representations were created using Net Draw. The results revealed that the network's density varied across different levels, showing weakness in some cases, moderate strength in others, and strong connections in select instances. The connections of carpet weaving families with other actors within the KIS were predominantly localized. Among these families, those utilizing the home-based wage production method exhibited the most extensive interactions. The individuals designated as "FMs" (likely referring to family members) and "WNVKRs" (possibly local experts) demonstrated the highest degree of connection and influence within the network of weavers' interactions
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
This study aimed to increase the vase life of cut rose flowers by improving the regulation of Programmed Cell Death (PCD). Experiments were carried out on cut rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Dolce vita+) flowers under either physical treatment of Static Magnetic Field (SMF; 15 and 25 mT) for 3 hours, or chemical treatments of silver nano particle (Nano-Ag; 5 and 10 ppm), 6-Benzyladenine (BA; 25 and 50 mg L-1), 1% sucrose, and combinations of 5 and 10 ppm nano-Ag with 3 and 6% sucrose. Results showed that a 15 mT-SMF significantly increased vase life up to 25 days, compared to the controls and to all chemical treatments. Among the chemicals, 5 ppm Nano-Ag and 1% (w/v) sucrose increased vase life to 23 and 18 days, respectively. The smallest decline in fresh weight was observed in the 15 mT-SMF physical treatment. Markedly, the 15 mT-SMF treatment led to the least reduction in Chlorophyll (Chl) content. On the 17th day of the applied different treatments, both Water Uptake (WU) and Relative Fresh Weight (RFW) showed an inverse significant relationship with PCD in cut rose flowers, verifying there markable delayed PCD which is favored the market. As a whole, the most effective induced treatments (15 mT-SMF, 5 ppm Nano-Ag, and 1% Sucrose) are suggested to be promising for enhancing postharvest quality and prolonged vase life of cut rose flowers.
Volume 0, Issue 2 (8-2011)
Abstract
A bench scale aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was evaluated in terms of its potential to treat synthetic dairy wastewater. The 2-l plexiglass bioreactor was supplied with oxygen via a fine bubble air diffuser, fed with synthetic dairy wastewater under various operational conditions. To analyze the process, three significant independent variables — influent chemical oxygen demand (COD), mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), and aeration time — were assessed. Three dependent process and quality parameters (as process responses) were also evaluated: total COD removal efficiency, sludge volume index (SVI) and final pH. The experiments were based on a central composite design (CCD) and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The treatment was limited to the following concentration regimes: COD (1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/l), MLVSS (3000, 5000 and 7000 mg/l) and aeration time (2, 10 and 18 h). Maximum COD removal efficiency (of 96.5%) was obtained for an influent with the following characteristics: CODin: 3000 mg/l, MLVSS 5000 mg/l, and aeration time of 18 h. The study demonstrated the capability of aerobic SBRs for high COD removal from dairy industrial wastewater. Easy operation, low cost, and minimal sludge bulking condition were some of advantages of the SBR system as an option for biological treatment of medium-strength industrial wastewater. The present study provides valuable information about relationships between quality and process parameters for different values of operating variables.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract
In order to determine effects of chicken and cattle manures in culture of Chlorococcum, an experiment was designed in six treatments including; 0.1, 0.4, 0.8 g/l of chicken manure and 0.1, 0.4, 0.8 g/l of cattle manure as completely randomize design with three replicates for 28 days. Results showed that the mean maximum density (87.1 × 105 cell/ml), specific growth rate (0.054 day-1), algal dry biomass (0.644 g/l), and chlorophyll a (9.42 mg/l) were obtained with 0.8 mg/l chicken manure. In order to compare performance of these manures with other culture media, second experiment with five treatments including; BBM (control) (Bold’s Basal Medium), BBM + soil extract, 0.8 g/l chicken manure, 0.8 g/l cattle manure and mixture of all treatment (BBM, BBM + soil extract, chicken manure and cattle manure) was designed as completely randomize design with three replicates for 15 days. Comparative results showed that BBM + soil extract had highest algal density (11.6 x 106 cells/ml), highest algal dry biomass (0.81 mg/ml), maximum SGR (0.13 /day), highest chlorophyll a (10.15 mg/l) and minimum doubling time (4.97 days). In conclusion, performance of BBM + soil extract was better in terms of biomass and growth parameters of Chlorococcum.
Volume 1, Issue 2 (winter 2018)
Abstract
Nowadays, investigating and researching on energetic polymers in order to increase mechanical, thermodynamic, and detonational properties of them have been highly regarded. One of these energetic polymers is GAP. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation has been used to compare the properties of GAP and GTP energetic polymers. GTP, in principle is the modified form of GAP, in which functional group of triazolium methyl nitrate has been added instead of azide. The mechanical properties of GAP is a challenging topic in the field of energetic materials. Due to the attributes of the 3 azoliom methyl nitrate ring, the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of GTP are expected to be higher than GAP. The results obtained by molecular dynamics simulation showed that GTP is a stable material and its mechanical properties such as Young, and shear modulus compared to GTP have been decreased 27% and 32% respectively, and bulk modulus, Poisson coefficient, and K/G ratio compared to GTPhave been increased 17%, 42%, and 71% respectively. It was also found that the detonation speed, detonation pressure, and oxygen balance of energetic polymer compared to GAP, have been increased 5%, 14%, and 21% respectively. As a result, usage of GTP will increase as a modified GAP material in applications such as clean and chlorine-free propellants for the solid propellant rockets and also safety systems of automobiles.
Volume 2, Issue 1 (6-2013)
Abstract
Accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Z, Ni, Cu) in gill, liverrnand muscle of 30 individuals of greater lizardfish (Saurida tumbil), collectedrnfrom Hendijan fishing area in April 2012, was assessed. Metals werernextracted by digestion method and their levels were measured by atomicrnabsorption spectrophotometr (AAS- model GBC Savanta AA ). Levels ofrnthe heavy metals from maximal to minimal were Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd.rnMean of heavy metals accumulation in gill, liver and muscle werernsignificantly different (P
Volume 2, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Identification of intertidal echinoderms and the effect of environmental factors on their density and distribution in five stations around the Khark Island were seasonally investigated. Three transects were designated to cover the supralittoral, eulittoral and sublittoral zones within each station. The environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and total organic maters (TOM) were also recorded. Maximum and minimum water temperature were recorded in summer (35.94 ± 0.28) and in winter (18.34 ± 0.39) and the maximum and minimum salinity were recorded in winter (44.6± 0.14) and spring (37 ± 0.18), respectively. Maximum and minimum percentages of total organic maters (TOM) were observed in summer (9.63 ± 0.71) and winter (3.39±0.15), respectively.Totally four species belonging to for families were identified, viz. Asterina burtoni, Echinometra mathaei, Holothuria atra, Ophiothrix sarignyi, the highest frequency of which was encountered by E. mathaei. The maximum density and distribution were found in spring and minimum in summer and winter.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (Winter 97 2019)
Abstract
The control of bacterial diseases of fish has always been one of the most important problems of aquaculteriets in recent years. One of these problems is bacterial resistance. Using antibiotics can cause problems for consumers. Therefore, the use of new antimicrobial agents with minimal complications is common. In the present study, using the acid-thermal method, the bentonite structure was modified and the chitosan and bentonite hybrids were modified in the stage of development. The structure of the compounds was studied using the Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTIR), Surface Electron Scanning Microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (EDX). Antimicrobial activity of two types of modified bentonite on gram negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila was studied in vitro using two methods of disk diffusion and microdilution. The results of the disc diffusion method showed that the antimicrobial compounds produced had antibacterial properties in experimental conditions against the Aeromonas hydrophilia bacteria. Antimicrobial activity (MIC and MBC) was determined using microdilution and clonal counting in Agar culture medium. The results showed that the modified compound with the acidic method had MBC of 28.57 and 14.28 mg / L for Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in 10 minutes and 30 minutes. For chitosan and modified bentonite composite, MBC was 14.28 mg / ml for Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in 10 and 30 minutes. The results of this study showed that modified bentonite and composite compounds have strong antimicrobial effects and can remove pathogens in laboratory conditions and can be used as new compounds to control pathogens in breeding systems.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
The effect of six diets including Scenedesmus quadricauda), manure (cattle+poultry, 1:1 ratio), vegetable (spinach+parsely+coriander, 1:1:1 ratio), algae+soil, vegetable+soil, and manure+soil were examined on culture of freshwater copepod, Acanthocyclopsrobustus, under the experimental conditions of 23±1ºC, 12 hours dark: 12 hours light photoperiod, and light intensity of 60 µmol photons/m2/s. The maximum population density (1282.6±163.7 individuals/L), maximum specific growth rate (SGR) (0.17±0.0 /day) and minimum doubling time (Dt) (4.0±0.1 days) were obtained when A. robustus fed on algae+soil. The nauplii production was 727.3±42.4 (±SE), 272.0±23.5, 267.6±17.7, 147.0±18.2, 33.6±3.8 and 25.0±7.1 ind./L and copepodit production was 311.3±26.8, 124.3±11.1, 183.0±13.0, 59.0±7.1, 14.3±8.1, and 17.6±3.6 ind./L in algae, algae+soil, vegetable, vegetable+soil, manure+soil, and manure, respectively. Correspondingly, the adult production was 208.5±26.8, 51.6±16.5, 192.7±23.7, 91.7±28.4, 8.7±5.4 and 8.7±3.6 ind./L, respectively. The maximum body length (663.8±29.1 µm) and width (526.2±23.7 µm) of A. robustus were recorded when fed with vegetable+soil and vegetable, respectively. The number of nauplii, copepodit, adults, length and width were significantly correlated with EC, BOD and COD. According to results, the A. robustus has suitable potential culture on algal and non-algal diets based on production, growth, body size, BOD and COD, but the better performance obtain on algae+soil and vegetable.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Aim: Hypertension is a chronic and asymptomatic disease leading to death of at least 45% of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Self-care is important to minimize the risks and complications caused by hypertension.
This aim of the present study was to determine the predictive power of constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) in self-care behaviors of patients with hypertension.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study of cross-sectional type carried out on 125 patients over 30 years old with hypertension who referred to the rural health centers in Rasht city. Sampling was done in multi-stage form, and the patients were selected randomly. To collect data, a valid and reliable questionnaire containing demographic information and questions of constructs of the HBM and self-care behaviors was used.
Findings: Based on Pearson’s correlation analysis, a significant and negative relationship was observed between self-care behaviors and construct of perceived barriers. Also there was a significant and positive relationship between self-care behaviors and the construct of cues to action. Based on linear regression analysis, the HBM could predict 19% of variance of self-care behaviors by two constructs of perceived barriers (B=0.22, SE=0.04, P=0.01) and cues to action (B=0.19, SE=0.06, P=0.02).
Conclusion: According to the predictive power of the HBM and the role of constructs of perceived barriers and cues to action in self-care behaviors of patients with hypertension, it is needed to focus on educational interventions based on this model to reduce the perceived barriers and influencing the cues to action.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of occupational accidents among farmers with an emphasis on the role of extension and education in reducing these incidents.
Methods: This study was conducted through a literature review. For this purpose, we investigated books, documents and articles related to research topics in the period of 2000 to 2017.
Findings: Various factors are effective on the incidence of occupational accidents as well as on the type, amount and severity of injuries resulting from accidents at work. Farmers and agricultural workers are not excluded from occupational accidents. The affecting factors on occupational accidents in agriculture are classified in three categories: farmers’ characteristics, agricultural environment, and agriculture technologies.
Conclusion: Occurrence of incidents in agricultural occupation is inevitable. Identifying the factors affecting the incidence of accidents can help to reduce the occurrence of incidents among farmers. The agricultural extension and education according to the abilities and talents in the field of agriculture and rural society can reduce accidents and work-related risks and improve the farmers’ occupational health.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Nowadays, dangerous chemical pollutants by a numerous of natural and synthetic sources are produced and released to the environment. These pollutants have short-term and long-term effects on human health. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of climate parameters and instability indices on air pollution in Tehran-Iran.
Materials and Methods: To evaluate the impact of meteorological parameters and indices of stability and instability on sensitivity analysis in Tehran-Iran, the Sharif University monitoring station was selected for air sampling and analysis. Sampling was performed from March 2011 to July 2012 in Tehran.
Findings: Results of sensitivity analysis showed that average daily change of the concentration of pollutants throughout the year was very different and intensively influenced by meteorological parameters. Results showed that wind direction (WD) (82%) and relative humidity (32%) and temperature (20%) have the most influence on the concentration values of pollutants carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM10), and air quality index (AQI). The highest concentrations of CO occurred in summer and lowest in winter, and maximum concentration of PM10 was in autumn, and its lowest concentration was in spring. Results revealed that the lowest average of AQI occurred in the spring, while in autumn, winter, and summer have almost equal values, but in winter AQI has slightly higher values.
Conclusion: According to the results of this research in Sharif station Tehran, the WD has the highest impact percentage (82%) on the concentration of pollutants. The highest concentrations of CO occurred in summer, and maximum concentration of PM10 was in autumn.
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Aims: King Nase fish (Chondrostoma regium) is a benthopelagic species that lives in stagnant and current water with a temperature range of 3-21°C and in the middle and upper parts of the river. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive characteristics of King Nase fish.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 335 fish were randomly caught and transferred to the laboratory after anesthetization and fixation for biometric measurements and dissections. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Duncan's multiple range test (MRT), and unpaired T-test and SPSS 19 software.
Findings: The fork length and weight changes in male and female fish in all age groups, except for 1 and 2 year in females, showed a significant difference. There was a significant correlation between fork length, weight, and age of fish with its fecundity (r2=0.6922; r2=0.6852; r2=0.7284). Age groups of the males and females were 1 to 5 and 1 to 6 years, respectively. The sex ratio of male to female was 1:1.3. The oocyte diameter significantly increased from April to June and decreased in July and August. Changes in oocyte diameter corresponded to gonadosomatic index. The highest gonadosomatic index in males and females was in April and June, respectively, and varied with other months (p<0.05). The mean of this index was significantly higher in females than in males. The hepatosomatic index showed a significant difference during the months of the year (p<0.05). The spawning season was from late March to June.
Conclusion: The spawning season of King Nase fish is from late March to June and has a group simultaneous spawning pattern.
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2008)
Abstract
The development in financial and banking sectors is an integral part of economic growth and development. The experiences of many developing countries show that reform driven policy in finance and banking system enhances economic prosperity and removes the macro investment impediment. This Paper evaluates the impact of Linearization policies (or financial restriction) and also changes in real interest rate on deposit and credit of financial sector development in Iran, over the period 1969-2003. The results show that there is a significant and negative relationship between restriction (and reserves control) and financial development. Also, there is significant relationship between changes in banking real interest rate (credit and deposit) and financial development. While the increase in real interest rate on informal markets leads to demand transfer from informal market to formal market and consequently towards the expansion of financial market in Iran. Therefore, low real interest rate, with regard to other policy considerations, would cause increase in potential investment and will improve the proper use of resources in the economy.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (Spring 2021)
Abstract
In all types of literature, dreams and related phenomena are among the most important foundations of poets and writers, which have been viewed from different angles. In most cases, Rumi does not express his message naturally and is based on a structure based on linguistic habits and the Sufi system of thought. The dream is also intertwined in Rumichr's mind with a multifaceted attitude and finds a different manifestation every moment. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method and a library method, by examining Rumichr's lyric poems and Levinaschr's book "From Existence to Existence", the concept of a night owl and sleep aversion from the perspective of Rumi and Emmanuel Levinas from the perspective of the American school has been studied. The results of the study suggest that both thinkers believe that drowsiness is one of the first features in the course and behavior and the basis of movement. The invitation of Rumi and Levinas is an invitation to go beyond the situation of a captive human being in the world and to abandon theoretical customs and to engage in true conduct with the help of true awakening and to address the "other". Levinas substitutes another God for an infinite position, and in the opinion of another Rumi, the same is the beloved, and Shams in the position of the beloved is for Rumi a mixture of earthly and heavenly attributes and is similar to what Levinas says about another
Volume 10, Issue 3 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
Comparative Literature and Translation Studies have so far expanded the frontiers of their own disciplines beyond their traditional conventional sense. Individually or in cooperation with the other, either discipline can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of literatures and cultures. The synergy between the two disciplines through bringing together methods and theories from both can result in innovative studies that cannot be properly conducted within the boundaries of either discipline separately. Adopting a historical perspective, the present paper highlighted the points of convergence between the two disciplines in order to identify the fields of research which can benefit most from the cooperation between the scholars of comparative literature and translation studies. Literary history, translation history, and reception studies belong to such fields of research.
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Considering the importance of the key contribution of managers' competencies and performance in the success of organizations, especially in the public sector, the current research deals with the pathology of the current situation of the appointment system in the country's government organizations and tries to introduce the factors that lead to the establishment of an effective selection and appointment system. This research was done with a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative). The data collection tool in the qualitative part is a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire. For data analysis, Max QDA11 software was used in the qualitative part and SPSS23 software was used in the quantitative part. Participants in the qualitative part of the research were 18 public managers and in the quantitative part, 303 public sector employees. The findings of the research show that in terms of the factors affecting the appointment of managers, relationships prevail over criteria, giving priority to party affiliations, convergence of the person with the manager and exerting political pressure for the appointment, and Factors influencing the preparation of the list of candidates for management positions are party and factional affiliations, exerting influence from outside the organization, orders from superiors, and having political and executive experiences are of the highest importance. It was also found that the commitment to the indicators of the positions in the appointments, passing the training courses before the appointment and being required to go through the organizational hierarchy as more important factors among 13 other factors play a role in creating a merit-based appointment system.
Volume 13, Issue 2 (1-2023)
Abstract
In this article, the interaction between lysozyme and CdTe nanoparticles was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence, thermal stability, kinetics, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic methods at pH 7.25. It was proved that the fluorescence quenching of lysozyme by CdTe NPs was mainly a result of the formation of the CdTe–lysozyme complex. By the fluorescence quenching results, the Stern–Volmer quenching constant (KSV), binding constant (Ka), and binding sites (n) were calculated. Under pH 7.25 conditions, the level of binding constant is determined to be 2.33×103 from fluorescence data. The hydrogen bond or van der Waals force is involved in the binding process. The blue shift of the fluorescence spectral peak of protein after the addition of CdTe nanoparticles reveals that the microenvironments around tryptophan residues are disturbed by CdTe nanoparticles. The effect of CdTe NPs on the conformation of lysozyme has been analyzed by means of UV-Vis spectra and CD spectra, which provided evidence that the secondary structure of lysozyme has been changed by the interaction of CdTe NPs with lysozyme.
Volume 13, Issue 2 (11-2024)
Abstract
The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the important ornamental plant pests in urban regions. In this study, the microemulsion system was developed using cypermethrin insecticide as the active ingredient, xylene as the solvent, and surfactants including Tensiofix 8427 + SDS, and Tensiofix 8427 + SLS, and 1-butanol (cosurfactant), as stabilizer. The optimal microemulsion formulation was determined using a pseudo-ternary phase diagram using the water titration method. The microemulsions mean droplet sizes were in the range 11.2–22.8 nm. The droplets of all three formulations were spherical and uniformly dispersed in water. The mortality percentage was 66.66, 56.66, and 55.00% 24 h after aphids exposure to C1-250 (cypermethrin: Tensiofix 8427 + SDS + 1-butanol: water, at the ratio of 10:20:70), C2-250 (cypermethrin: Tensiofix 8427 + SLS + 1-butanol: water, at the ratio of 10:20:70), and C3-250 (cypermethrin: Tensiofix 8427 + SLS + 1-butanol: water, at the ratio of 15:30:55), which increased to 92.86, 89.29, and 83.94%, 48 h after exposure, respectively. The results revealed that the microemulsion formulation containing cypermethrin 250 g/L was more effective in controlling A. gossypii than cypermethrin technical material and 150 g/L cypermethrin-based microemulsion.
Volume 13, Issue 52 (4-2016)
Abstract
The aim of study it was carried out survey investigation of consumer attitudes toward organic agriculture. The study was a kind of applied and descriptive –correlational method. The research population was consumers of agricultural products in Alborz Province. Sample size was determine by Cochran's formula (n= 250). Proportional stratified random sampling method was used. Data was collected through an instrument that developed by researcher. Validity estimated by a panel of experts in University and Agriculture experts’ of jihad-e- keshavarzi department of Karaj city. Reliability was conducted by a Pilot test and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient assumed (0/75) which show its suit for research conduct. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software package. Research findings show that there is a significant difference between responces in diploma and graduate & post graduted level at the 0.05 level. Also there is positive relation between consume obstacle and factors affecting to use of organice agriculture with responcendents attitude.
