---

Nowadays, entrepreneurship and knowledge-based companies are highly considered. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting Psychological Capital (PSyCap) in two groups of agricultural and non-agricultural knowledge-based companies from Science and Technology Park (STP) of Fars province, Iran. The population included the companies located in the STP incubators in Fars province. The data were collected from 238 participants (100 from agricultural and 138 from non-agricultural companies) as a sample through a questionnaire. Regarding the effect of services and facilites provided by STPs on the performance of companies at incubators, it is suggested that such services and facilities become more specialized and reinforced. In addition, it is emphasized to consider the necessity of educational and operational strategies in order to strengthen the entrepreneurial orientation, social capital, and PsyCap among members.

---

Bars with standard hooks in tension are often used to anchor reinforcing bars where concrete dimensions element are not sufficient to provide the required development length for straight reinforcement. In previous researches, concrete breakout failure was the predominant failure mode of hooked bars. Closely-spaced hooks provide a lower strength per hooked bar than more widely-spaced hooked bars because the area of the breakout surface is reduced for the more closely-spaced bars. The effects of fy of bars, spacing, and confinement by ties or stirrups have been updated to reflect test results, in 25.4.3.1 of ACI 318-19. In this formula, The confining reinforcement factor ψr is based on test results reported by Ajaam et al. (2018). Base on ACI 318-19 definition, Ath is total cross-sectional area of ties or stirrups confining hooked bars. Therefore crossties are not included in the relationship. The purpose of this study is to expand the understanding of the behavior of confinement effect of crossties on development length bars with 90 degree bent hooks in tension. In this study, 3 simulated beam-column joints were tested as a continuation of previous work by Ajaam et al. (2018). The results of this experimental study show that the ACI318-19 provisions underestimate the contribution of confinement by crossties on the development length bars with 90 degree bent hooks in tension.

---

With the advent of the World War ІІ, foreign language teaching entered a new period of its tempestuous history. The purpose of most foreign language schools and institutes in this period and the forthcoming years was to enable communication via a foreign language and, at the center of this skill, there was an attention to proper pronunciation of sounds and words. Since that time, there has been a great number of ideas and viewpoints proposed by researchers and authorities about the nature of pronunciation teaching, each of which contributed to the expansion of this field. In order to discover how these ups and downs have affected the teaching, of foreign language pronunciation in Iran, large-scale and comprehensive research is needed. The aim of this article is to inspect the place and the method of pronunciation teaching in high-school English textbooks in Iran in order to figure out the quality of teaching pronunciation and the way it is presented in the textbooks. The findings of this study are useful to improve the quality of teaching pronunciation in high-school English textbooks. Finally, some recommendations have been given.

---

Aim: Regular physical activity has several physical, psychological and social benefits. However, it is a global health problem, especially among ICU nurses. Therefore, in order to improve nurses’ physical activity, it is required to determine the effective correlated factors. The aim of this study was to delineate predictive factors on the physical activity of ICU nurses based on a trans-theoretical model (TTM) using path analysis.
Method: Accordingly, in this cross-sectional study, 82 nurses from eight intensive care units of six hospitals in Guilan University of Medical Sciences completed the translated version of Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and another questionnaire, which included a range of constructs from the TTM. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlation and path analysis.
Findings: It was revealed that self-efficacy (β=0.24) and Pros (β=0.18) had a direct effect on the participants’ physical activities. It is important to state that self-efficacy was effective on the participants, behavioral physical activity both directly and indirectly. Totally, self-efficacy with the path coefficient of 0.62 was considered as the strongest predictive factor of physical activity among the ICU nurses.
Conclusion: To enclose, the determined effective factors in improving the ICU nurses’ physical activity were expected to be of more concern, especially self-efficacy as the strongest one.

---

Cubism, which revolutionized the visual arts during the first decades of the twentieth century, had a significant impact on literature. It is often considered to be the twentieth century’s mode of expression. This article examines the influences of the cubist style on Hajm poetry – an avant-garde movement in contemporary Persian poetry which is mainly associated with Yadollah Royaei’s works. The main question of the article is how it is possible to apply the visual aesthetic principles and techniques to literature. The article is divided into three main sections. In each section, one of the common fundamental concepts between these two movements is introduced. These concepts are as follows: (1) the essence of the thing and the representation of reality; (2) three-dimensional image and the movement of the image; (3) and the concentration on the process of the creation of literary work through focusing on the materiality of artistic medium. These concepts are concretized by using some devices which create an effect similar to the cubist visual techniques, the consequence of which is to challenge the concept of representation in art and literature.

---

Seyed Mohammad Ghari Seyed Fatemi Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University  In this article the issue of monitoring public election has been examined form the view point of the right to self-determination. Analyzing moral foundations of individuals right to participate in public election as a manifestation of the right to self - determination in social life, the right to elect and the right to be elected have been considered as two sides of a coin. Moral and legal restrictions of these two rights also have been discussed in this article. Distinguishing between "being right and having right", it is argued that in the "level of being right" Qur'anic teachings recognize "the right to be wrong" as a basic moral right. of all the above theoretical framework, the necessity of a guaranteed monitoring system rather than a restricted one (i.e.,» monitor that restricts the right to vote). Is suggested A justified monitoring system, therefore, is the one according to which the right of individuals to determine their own social affairs via public election is institutionally guaranteed.

---

The present study is a comparative study of Jean-Paul Sartre’s The Age of Reason and Iris Murdoch’s The Bell. The main focus is on “unreliable narrator” which is a popular concept at the present time when humanity enjoys manipulating each other and suffers himself from misunderstandings. Wayne C. Booth was the earliest theorist who provided a practical definition of “unreliable narrator” and his theory is considered as the framework. Previously, the studies only focused on homodiegetic narrators but, here, other narrative techniques are analyzed. In other words, the point of view and the presence of multiple perspectives and voices are crucial in the analysis of unreliable narratives. These narrative techniques and unreliable narrators are scrutinized at the social and political contexts of the novels. Accordingly, New Historicism, specifically Stephen Greenblatt’s theory, is used as another approach to reveal the presence and function of the unreliable narrators in the selected literary works.
 

---

Background: Infectious agents are considered as one of the possible etiological factors of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It has been suggested that torque teno virus (TTV) may trigger autoimmune disorders, but few studies have been conducted on the relationship between this virus and autoimmune diseases, especially SLE. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between TTV frequency and SLE.
Materials & Methods: Serum samples were collected from a total of 116 participants, including 58 healthy people and 58 SLE patients who referred to the rheumatology clinic of Shahid-Beheshti hospital in Kashan, Iran from January 2020 to January 2021. After the extraction of viral DNA from the samples, a nested PCR test was performed using specific primers to detect TTV.
Findings: TTV was detected in 43 SLE patients (74.1%, 95% CI: 63.4-86.2) and 33 healthy individuals (56.9%, 95% CI: 44.1-69.0). A significant correlation was found between SLE and the presence of TTV (r= .32, p= .03). There was no correlation between the presence of TTV and musculoskeletal involvements, skin lesions, renal manifestations, and hematological manifestations (r< .05, p> .05). TTV was detected more frequently in patients with active lupus than in patients with quiescent disease, and this difference was significant (p= .048).
Conclusion: A significant association between TTV and SLE was observed in the present study; however, further studies are needed to investigate the role of TTV in the pathogenesis and clinical course of SLE.

---

The current study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the consumption of fishery products by households in Shiraz. All households of Shiraz city were the research population which 381 of them were randomly selected using simple random sampling method. The face validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by a pilot study among 30 households of Neyriz Fars, respectively (Cronbach's alpha coefficients were computed between 0.62 and 0.83). The results of path analysis indicated that the households` income, the education level of the households` head, hygiene issues and awareness of fisheries products` benefits had a direct, positive and significant effect on the amount of fisheries products consumption by households. Also, the households’ income and hygiene issues had an indirect and positive effect on household attitudes toward fisheries products and then on the amount of consumption of these products through the mediator variables of awareness of fisheries products` benefits, sensory indicators and preference to buy from the direct market of fisheries. Moreover, the direct effect of awareness of the fisheries products` benefits, it had also an indirect and positive effect on the amount of fisheries products consumption by households through the mediator variables of market preference and attitudes toward fisheries products consumption. Finally, the study suggested that the media could play an effective role on modifying the households` attitude toward fisheries products consumption by educating different types of fish cooking methods as well as improving their awareness regarding the fisheries products` benefits.

---

Abstract It is safe to say that motivation is one of the most controversial concepts of study in all social sciences especially psychology. Concerned with this controversy, the purpose of this study was to investigate the problems of defining and theorizing about motivation. To this end, the tendency and capability of Iranian English learners and native speakers to distinguish motive and motivation was investigated. Moreover, the problems were situated in a historical context to shed light on the reasons behind them through a structural and genealogical approach. Based on the results all the participants including only distinguished motivation and motive where both of them were present, otherwise, they were treated synonymously. The structural analysis of motivation as a word resulted in a very broad definition: the whole process of moving toward a goal. This extensive meaning, which includes both mental and outside factors, cannot be accounted for in a single theory. Therefore, in the process of becoming a concept and then a measurable construct, the range of meaning has shrunk. It, in technical terms, is the inevitable result of embracing the ontology of analytical philosophy, which ends up in moving toward fixity and identity, by most psychologists. Being aware of these facts can play a major role in preventing motivational scholars from making unjustified conclusion based on their findings.

1. Introduction
The first psychological use of the term ‘motivation’ dates back to 1901 and has been a main concern and a controversial topic in psychology. It is also one of the most important, controversial, and debated concepts in SLL research. The common belief is that motivation is the indispensable factor in all facets of language learning without which the efforts for accomplishment would be in vain, and it can also make up for lack of abilities in other skills. Acknowledging the problems that surround motivation, this study aims at inspecting these problems, discovering the reasons behind them, and coming up with a comprehensive definition for motivation.
Research Question(s)
1. Do English native speakers differentiate motive and motivation when one of them is present (error-recognition test)?
2. Do Iranians majoring in English differentiate motive and motivation in error-recognition test?
3. Is there any difference among male native English speakers, female native English speakers, male Iranians majoring in English, and female Iranians majoring in English in the error-recognition test?
4. Do English native speakers differentiate motive and motivation when both of them are present (two-options test)?
5. Do Iranians majoring in English differentiate motive and motivation in the two-options test?
6. Is there any difference among male native English speakers, female native English speakers, male Iranians majoring in English, and female Iranians majoring in English in the two-options test?
7. Is there any difference between participants who took the error-recognition test and those who took the two-options test?
8. Structurally speaking, what could have been the meaning of motivation as a word?
9. What are the sources of the difficulties surrounding the definition of motivation?
10. In what ways the meaning of motivation has diverged throughout its life in the field of psychology?

2. Literature Review
2.1. Motivation in Psychology
Earliest attempts of psychologists to capture the essence of the concept is what came to be known as instinct approaches. In these approaches, inborn, biologically determined factors i.e., instincts, were considered to be the reasons behind behaviors. Later, drive-reduction approaches emerged to compensate for the problems inherent in instinct approaches. In these new approaches, the reason behind any behavior was considered to be lack of some biological needs which creates a drive for action to satisfy those needs. Regarding the drive-reduction approaches, two different criticisms appeared: they could not explain behaviors in which the goal was to increase arousal, and  lacked the rationale needed in accounting for behaviors which do not follow an internal drive. The line of work addressing the first criticism resulted in the development of arousal approaches the main proposal of which was  that each person wants to maintain a certain amount of arousal. Furthermore, incentive approaches emerged to cover external drives addressed in the second criticism. The shortcoming inherent in previous approaches paved the way for the emergence of cognitive approaches in which the source of motivation was believed to reside in people’s cognition, i.e., mental information processing or thinking.

2.2. Motivation in SLA
Dornyei and Ryan divide the historical development of L2 motivation research into three periods: social psychological, cognitive-situated, and process-oriented. The first trend differentiated language learning from other school subjects because, as the proponents proposed, it is not a neutral subject. The second trend started off as an attempt to connect with motivational psychology and study motivation in actual classroom settings. Beside temporal nature, attended to by cognitive situated period, the socio-dynamic perspective emphasized the dynamic character of motivation i.e., its fluctuation in response to the changes in environment.

3. Methodology
In general, 200 English native speakers (half male and half female), and 200 MA or Ph.D. students majoring in English (half male and half female) participated in this study. These participants were 22 to 42 years of age and agreed to participate in the second phase of the study via email. Twenty novels (both originally English and translated works) were randomly selected from the lists of ‘best novels of time’ provided by the Telegraph, the Guardian, and Time magazine. The word ‘motive’ has been used 241 times in these novels twelve of which, were randomly selected and used as materials to develop two tests: an error-recognition test and a two-options test. The Crosstabulation and Chi-square Test were conducted to reveal whether the participants differentiate motive and motivation in two different scenarios: first when only one of them is present, and secondly when both of them are provided as options. This data analysis was conducted both as a whole, and separately for Iranians and native speakers across both genders. Subsequently, a series of T-tests and ANOVA Tests were performed based on their scores to find out whether there is a significant difference among participants across gender, and language status.


4. Results and Conclusion
This study revealed that ‘movere’ which means to move, is the principal root of motivation. Another word that has its root in ‘movere’ is motive, the meaning of which has become so close to motivation. The results of the first part confirmed this proximity of meaning: both native speakers and Iranians majoring in English did not differentiate motive and motivation when only one of them was present. However, both group did differentiate them when both of them were primed. Simply put, although English users know and expect motive and motivation to convey different meanings, they could easily end up neglecting this expected difference. The definition of human motivation at point zero, as recreated through its linguistic structure in the second part of the study, turned out to be ‘everything that happens and/or is at play from the beginning of a behavior till its end whether the goal is accomplished or the behavior is abandoned for various reasons’. The review disclosed that this definition is practically nonexistent in the literature for various reasons such as:

• the analytical ontological orientation dominant in research projects within humanities and social sciences
• the inclination of researchers and theorizers toward preciseness and fixity at the expense of excluding differences
• the transition from word to concept within scientific fields of study
• the requirements of establishing a construct in scientific research projects.

 

---

Nowadays, using renewable energies, specifically ocean wave energy, is of importance in the world. One of the methods by which this energy can be harnessed is through using axial turbines with low head. In this study, performance of an axial turbine ocean wave of Wells type installed on the floating oscillating platform has been numerically studied. The length of the oscillating bed is equal to the wave length of the ocean upon its center the Wells turbine has been installed. This design causes the inlet flow rate to be doubled, which will in turn increase the power. In this way, the governing equations include continuity and momentum equations have been solved considering SST turbulence model. Furthermore, the acquired results have been verified through mesh independency analysis and have been validated by comparison with the available experimental data. The results show that with decreasing the clearance and setting it to 2% of the chord length value, the maximum efficiency, which is approximately 35%, will be gained. Moreover, by varying the angles from 0 to 12° with respect to its tip, achieve higher efficiency in different velocity ratios. On the other hand, employing a blade with variable profile will lead to postponing stall phenomena. Moreover, employing multistage turbines with guide vanes at the mid stage can improve efficiency by 9 percent.

---

The present study attempted to look deeply into how Iranian English teachers defined morality and if there was any significant difference with respect to gender and years of teaching experience. The study followed a mixed-methods design including a semi-structured interview and a multiple choice single-item questionnaire. The results revealed that while the main concern for the participants in different decades of teaching was choosing right over wrong, the prevailing theme for male and female teachers differed in that the male teachers moved towards less personalized and more agentic conceptions, whereas female teachers were more concerned with the context and society as their experience increased. The analysis of the quantitative data also illustrated there was a significant difference between female and male teachers in the 2nd and 3rd decades of teaching. Moreover, the differences between participants based on their level of experience were statistically significant

---

This Paper, with the help of the device was made in this university as "rapid prototyping device base on direct metal laser melting", study interaction of metal powder apparent density and heat transfer experimentally. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a direct fabrication of part through layer by layer powder deposition and successive laser beam irradiation. One of the important properties of the SLM is thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the metal powder. In this paper, thermal conductivity and diffusivity of metal powder with various apparent densities were studied. According to the method of measuring (the difference between two temperatures), The tests showed the dependence of thermal properties to metal powder apparent density. Changes in apparent density was established through the pressure applied to the raw powder bed. Because achieve to desirable apparent density through proper distribution is much expensive. This study was done in range of apparent density 44.75% to 56.4% compared to the density of pure iron. Comparing the samples produced in different densities it was understood that the pressure applied to the raw powder bed with the optimum point of arrest. In fact, the best quality of the manufactured parts, in density of about 46% was obtained.

---

Public concern about food quality, human health and natural resources safe have been the most conerns during last decades and around the world. For this reason, focusing on organic farming has increased dramatically. But wisdom is messed in this information era, because current communication and information systems are designed on merely scientific approach. Theocentrism is suggested as an alternative to explain how to compare organic farming principles with theocentrism to produce Geen Products and to develop appropriate communication and information system for it. This system is developed by reviewing the related literature and archival research. Public concern about food quality, human health and natural resources safe have been the most conerns during last decades and around the world. For this reason, focusing on organic farming has increased dramatically. But wisdom is messed in this information era, because current communication and information systems are designed on merely scientific approach. Theocentrism is suggested as an alternative to explain how to compare organic farming principles with theocentrism to produce Geen Products and to develop appropriate communication and information system for it. This system is developed by reviewing the related literature and archival research. This system is developed by reviewing the related literature and archival research.

---

In recent years, the importance and requirements for high-quality energy and water has been increased significantly, and this trend will strongly continue. One of the promising solution for the water scarcity's problem is desalination of the oceans salt water by thermal methods, and if the required thermal energy is provided by wastes of a thermal power plant it will be competitive with other methods. In this paper, a combined cycle including solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and gas turbine is used as thermal resource. Here, combination of these two systems beside of multi effect desalination (MED) system leads to reduce in energy consumption, pollutant emissions, investment and operation and maintenance cost, as well as increase of efficiency in comparison with the conventional individual systems. Exergetic and economic analysis using a computer program in EES software was performed. The results proposed a system with thermal and exergy efficiency of 60 % and 57%, respectively. The system expenditures and revenues were estimated, and the effect of two important design parameters, i.e. operational temperature and current density of fuel cell, on exergy efficiency and levelized cost of electricity were investigated. Consequently, the reliability and availability of the proposed system are calculated as 0.842, using the Markov method. It is seen after reliability analysis and availability calculation the exergy and energy efficiency is reduced and LCOE increased by 8.8%.

---

Boring is a process which the diameter of the internal hole of the workpiece usually increases from the initial size to the desired value in some stages. In this operation, undesired vibrations lead to decrease in the smoothness of the surface; thus, active dynamic absorbers have been used to dampen the vibrations. In this research, two analog and digital accelerometers are used with an active dynamic absorber installed on a 720 mm boring bar. The analog sensor is used as a validation of the economical digital accelerometer. Therefore, thanks to the velocity feedback method, the vibrations caused by any impact forces have been damped and compared with the state without the presence of an active dynamic absorber. Furthermore, in this research, by increasing the amount of input voltage to the amplifier, the damped results of the impact applied to the end of the cutting tool have been increased remarkably and the frequency spectrums have been presented and examined to predict the damping.
 

---

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an oil grain crop of subtropical and tropical areas with arid to semi-arid climate and its production is affected by drought at the grain filling and flowering stages. Given the key role of Magnesium (Mg) in many key metabolic processes, it seems that Mg Nanoparticles (NPs) can improve the sunflower performance in drought stress. This study was carried out as a split-split plot in a randomized complete block design with three factors, including irrigation regimes (drought and normal), cultivars (Barzagar, Farokh, Ghasem, and Shams), and Mg NPs application (0.25 g L^-1), and time (flowering and grain filling stages), in three replications in the field during 2017-19 seasons. Several physio-biochemical traits along with grain yield and oil percentage were measured. Based on the results, Mg NPs spraying increased the relative water content, chlorophyll and carotenoid, soluble carbohydrates, and antioxidant enzymes activity under drought. Moreover, Mg NPs spraying decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content in the stressed plants and slightly increased grain yield and oil percentage. Overall, our findings suggest that Mg NPs can improve sunflower performance under drought by several mechanisms including improved antioxidant system, enhanced photosynthetic pigments, and increased primary metabolites.

---

There is a growing demand for solving conflicts among water users and stakeholders under climate change conditions. This study applied ten CMIP5 climate models under the RCP8.5 scenario to simulate Doiraj Reservoir water allocation in Ilam Province. To reduce the uncertainty of climate models, the MOTP method was used by combining different GCM models. To predict reservoir inflow, the IHACRES Rainfall-Runoff model was considered and validated for the 2016 to 2044 time periods. Climate and hydrological indicators were extracted to monitor drought periods in the current and future projections. The WEAP model and the Asymmetric NASH Bargaining Method were used to simulate the water basin system and solve the conflict between stakeholders based on their utility functions, respectively. The results indicated that the rainfall would increase by 17.1 and 11.1% in spring and autumn and decrease by 9.4% in winter in the future projection. Furthermore, the highest temperature and runoff growth rate increased by 1.95°C in September and 6.3% compared to the base period, while demands would be increased by 55.75%. The long-term agricultural deficit are obtained as 10.9 and 10.2% by the WEAP model in the current and future conditions. Finally, the duration curve of reservoir storage showed that 20% of the time, the reservoir storage is empty for the Standard Operation Policy (SOP). By switching to the Nash bargaining policy, not only the minimum storage capacity reached 18 MCM for all the time, but also the effects of climate change would be adapted in the future, and the utility functions of all stakeholders would be satisfied as well.

---

 This is a comparative study of Jean-Paul Sartre’s Nausea and Iris Murdoch’s Under the Net. The main focus is on the role of trauma in the creation of unreliable narrators. Both Sartre and Murdoch have witnessed the horrors of World War II and it seems that their narratives are affected by such a terrible event. The characters look traumatized and suffer from the burden of the past which has never left them alone. In other words, past events have formed their identity and have rewritten their personality under the situation of World War II. Here, with the help of Wayne C. Booth’s theory of unreliable narrator, the narrators of the selected novels are scrutinized at the social and political contexts of the novels. Accordingly, considering this context and its consequent trauma, the research tries to reveal the presence and function of the unreliable narrators in the selected literary works. 

---

 The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) model based on an Islamic approach on the attachment styles of incompatible couples. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design. The statistical population consisted of all couples referring to the Ava-e Rahai Counseling Center in the second half of the year 1402 in Tehran, whose attachment scores differed by at least one standard deviation from secure attachment. Thirty-six volunteer couples were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The data collection tool was the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) by Basharat. The program was implemented for the experimental group over 10 counseling sessions of 90 minutes each, while the control group did not receive any training. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance (pre-test, post-test, follow-up) with SPSS24 software. Descriptive, analytical, and field examination of the issue indicated that the emotion-focused counseling model based on the Islamic approach could effectively transition incompatible couples from insecure to secure attachment and enhance emotional regulation. In the attachment styles component, there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test (P ≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the post-test and follow-up means with 95% confidence (P ≥ 0.05). This statistic indicates that the therapeutic effects on attachment were maintained until the follow-up stage