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Propp recognizes two initial situations in the morphology of Russian fairy tales: defect and evildoing; however, he considers both as original spontaneous situations. In this article, it is assumed that these patterns are significant and also the deficiency has always its origin in evildoing, but this is not an independent condition in the Iranian thought. To discover the meaning of these patterns, the fairy tales and Iranian myths as well as the national epics have been comparatively studied. The analytical method is structuralism and diachronic. The results of the study show that the myths of creation have two models, both based on the struggle and conflict of two opposing forces; however, one is creative and the other is destructive. In the first, the creator needs an element based on which the material universe is made or dependent on. This model appears in the magical legends as a defect situation. In the second one, the creator creates the universe in an ideal situation, but it can be invaded by the devastating forces and exit from its ideal situation. This pattern appears in the magical legends as the evildoing situation.
 

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Aims: Osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases among women, and dietary patterns, especially during adolescence, significantly impact its occurrence and prevention. The present study examined the determinants of osteoporosis in female students at the first secondary school level in Ilam City based on the health belief model.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 819 participants selected by a two-stage cluster random sampling approach. Data were collected using a 52-item researcher-developed questionnaire based on the health belief model and analyzed using descriptive tests, Pearson’s correlation, multiple linear regression, one-way analysis of variance, and Chi-square test by SPSS 22 software.
Findings: The average age of participants was 13.72±0.97 years, with an age range of 12 to 16 years. Also, 22.2% of participants had a family history of osteoporosis. Additionally, 29.2% and 22.6% of the participants reported a history of calcium and vitamin D supplement intake in the last month, respectively. The health belief model constructs accounted for a total of 18.9% of the variance in behavior. Perceived barriers and perceived self-efficacy were identified as the most important predictors of behavior, while other constructs were not significant predictors despite showing significant correlations with behavior.
Conclusion: The constructs of self-efficacy and perceived barriers directly affected nutritional behavior preventing osteoporosis among teenage girls in Ilam City, while another construct had an indirect effect.
 

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Water-storage capacity of reservoir reduces mainly due to sediment laden. Turbidity current has an important role on sediment transfer in reservoir. It is necessary to study sediment interaction and flow in order to predict mechanism of turbidity current. In this paper effects of changes in entrance hydraulic condition of turbidity current on head velocity, layer-average thickness, layer-average velocity, body velocity and turbulent structure have investigated experimentally. The front velocity of the head of turbidity current was determined by video recording and body velocity and turbulence parameters measured by Vecterino. When the initial Froude number decreases the maximum velocity increases in body and head. Positive shear Reynolds stress near bed indicates that major contributor in this region is sweep or ejection while major contributor near interface is inward interaction or outward interaction. Entrainment is dominated at interface. The investigation shows that head velocity depends on inlet Froude number and inlet Reynolds number. Variation of head velocity along channel is exponential. The maximum reduction of head velocity takes place at  whereas variation of head velocity at  is negligible. Driving forces at  are inertial force and gravity force. Driving force decreases after hydraulic jump and only gravity force remains as driving force. Therefore head velocity is constant at . Head velocity increases when inlet Reynolds number increases. Body velocity increases when inlet Froude number decreases, as gravity force increases when inlet Froude number decreases. Effects of inlet Froude as number on body velocity is negligible at the end of channel. Negative value of body velocity at the interface of turbidity current and ambient fluid indicates entrainment phenomenon at this region. When inlet Froude number decreases, vertical component of velocity increases too,then maximum velocity approaches to the bed. Elevation of maximum velocity increases along the channel due to sedimentation of particles and decreases of vertical component of velocity. Body velocity decreases along the channel due to decrease of inertial force. Vertical Reynolds stress decreases when inlet Froude number decreases. Because of increase in particle turbulence dissipates and therefore vertical Reynolds stress decreases. Oscillation of vertical Reynolds stress is due to turbulence at this region. The maximum of vertical Reynolds stress tacks place near bed and interface of turbidity current and ambient fluid and minimum of vertical Reynolds stress tacks place near maximum velocity elevation. Shear Reynolds stress have two maximum values. One is near the bed and the other one is near the interface of turbidity current and ambient fluid. Maximum Reynolds shear stress is positive near bed and negative near interface. Minimum of Reynolds shear stress take place near maximum velocity elevation.

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Since Glomerular filtration of blood in the kidney has been regarded by physiologists for many years, they can access only to the qualitative data. Mathematicians can solve this problem by numerical modeling. In this research, an engineering model is presented for the analysis of this capillary network by investigating in the different scientific fields such as, physiology, medicine, computer science and mathematics.First of all, the homogeneous model introduced by Deen, are studied. The rate of the blood filtration is achieved by solving the 2-D equations of momentum and mass transfer. Then the anatomic investigation of the glomerular are performed to present a three-dimensional network of the glomerular capillaries. This proposed model is solved numerically by Use of the 3-D equations of momentum and mass transfer. This analysis makes it possible to study the various parameters are creating by diseases and this is the main advantage of this provided mode. In network model connection between lobules and their shapes just improve flow distribution and mass transfer. Otherwise the glomerular filtration rate in the flow rate of more than 150 nl/min is evaluated more accurately in this model.

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In this paper, steady creeping motion of non-Newtonian falling drop through a viscous fluid is investigated analytically. Here, the Upper Convected Maxwell model (UCM) is used for drop phase and Newtonian model is considered for external fluid. The perturbation technique is used to solve both exterior and interior flows and Deborah number that indicated the elastic effect is considered as the perturbation parameter. The present solution is derived up to second order of perturbation parameter so the present solution has a suitable accuracy for drops that made from dilute polymeric solutions. We found that the Newtonian drop has a spherical shape during the creeping motion but the non-Newtonian drop loses this shape and takes an oblate form. By increasing the elastic effect, a dimple at the rear end of the drop is created and developed. Here, it is shown that the present results have more agreement with experimental data than the previous analytical studies. The origin of drop deformation is also considered and it is proofed that the elastic property of drop phase creates a concentrated normal stress at the rear end of the drop that causes the dimple shape in this region.

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With the increasing development of the pharmaceutical industry and producing drugs with specific performance, its transfer into cells is also very important. Cell membranes are effectively impermeable to hydrophilic compounds unless the permeation is facilitated by dedicated transport systems. As a consequence, there is much interest in finding ways to facilitate the transport of molecules across cell membranes. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) in particular have shown much promise as potential delivery agents. That have been claimed to penetrate cell membranes in an energy- and receptor-independent manner. In the present investigation, the translocation of PENETRATIN into the cell membrane is carried out applying constant velocity steered molecular dynamics via MARTINI coarse grain approach. In order to study the orientation of peptide as it get closer to the membrane, equilibrium simulation is carried out and it is shown that to investigate the penetration process, we need to apply steered molecular dynamics simulation. Energy barrier upon the insertion is calculated and its diffusion in the membrane is considered. It is shown that pore formation phenomenon breaks down the energy barrier and facilitates the translocation process which is in agreement with previous researches. Furthermore, 110 kJ/mol energy barrier is obtained from simulations for this peptide.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly. The neuropathology and treatment of AD is not precisely determined yet, but according to the pathological studies, AD is associated with presence of toxic soluble oligomers and insoluble senile plaques formed by amyloidosis of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) in neocortical region of brain. The V10HHQKLVFFAE22 is a critical region of Aβ42 which facilitates aggregation process. An attractive therapeutic approach to treat AD is to identify small ligands that are capable of binding to critical residues in order to inhibit or reverse Aβ amyloidosis process as source of neurotoxicity. In this area, therapeutic efforts designed various organic agents and most of them focused on the N-terminal sequence of Aβ. Here, a peptide inhibitor derived from the C-terminal of Aβ (G33LMVG37) is utilized as inhibitor and combined Docking and Molecular dynamics simulation used to find the binding sights in the critical region (V10HHQKLVFFAE22). The simulation identified tree stable binding sites for Aβ42 inhibition by penta peptide. This result indicate that this penta-peptide is capable to inhibit aggregation process and can be consider as an drug for AD preclinical studies.

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The aim of this study is comparison of three common internal fixation and one new fixation techniques for tip of lateral malleolar fracture using finite element analysis. The common technique uses a third tubular plate with five holes along the five screws for bone fixation. The new technique that is presented in this study, add a tensile wire to the first technique to improve performance of fixation. In the third technique, a long internal screw is used to connect two parts of fractured bone. In the forth technique two mounted pins in the bone are connected to the mounted screw in the top region of the bone be a tension bond. 3D finite element models of fibula and tibia were generated based on computed tomography data are used for analysis. The model of fixation parts has been added to this model. The simulated results indicated that the most stress was created under the axial bending loads and the stress values decreased with the second technique. However, the results show that the displacement at the fracture under axial bending is more than torsion load. Because of high stresses in the holes of the plate in the first technique, it is recommended to use external fixation to improve this technique.

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Over the last few decades, reliability engineering has been successfully applied in many industries to improve the performance of equipment maintenance management. Many optimization models and researches are developed and widely used to achieve a high level of maintenance, i.e. the balance of performance, risk, resources, and cost to achieve an optimal solution. although, the application of these techniques to medical equipment is very new,One of the major challenges is how to improve the safety, security and reliability of medical devices. In this paper a FMEA based assessment model is proposed to improve human reliability in medical devices. Fuzzy linguistic variables are used to express the experts’ evaluation for risk factors of sub systems. The results indicate that the human reliability assessment of medical devices must be more focused on reducing soft failures and hidden risks. Also through the designing and developing processes of medical devices, attention must be paid to the communication between operators and designers.

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Objective: Considering the high incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), it is necessary to research this illness and determine genetic markers associated with it. The role of DNMT I gene expression during treatment with mercaptopurine drugs in children with B-cell ALL (B-ALL) is important because its changes reflect the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the drugs. We have investigated the effect of mercaptopurine drugs on DNMT I expression in children with B-ALL.
Methods: This analytical study assessed 8 B-ALL children who referred to Tehran Children's Medical Center and 10 healthy children referred to the Yazd Central Laboratory by convenience selection in 2016. Blood samples were obtained before and after treatment, and extraction of total RNA from each sample was performed for real-time qPCR of the target gene (DNMT I). Simultaneously, we evaluated GAPDH, a housekeeping gene. Data from gene expressions were compared by the paired t-test, using SPSS-16 software.
Results: DNMT I gene expression was significantly decreased after mercaptopurine administration in children with B-ALL (P<0.02).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the mercaptopurine drug may affect DNMT I gene regulation. This epigenetic effect may explain the mechanism of drug action, possibly serve as a diagnostic factor, and a means of better monitoring for patients with ALL.