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There is a close relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. Price is one of the most important parameters which affect energy demand and consumption. Thus, investigating the factors which affect the pricing of different forms of energy is very important. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank the most important factors that influence the pricing of renewable energy in Iran. In this study, we use Analytic Network Process to combine social, economic and environmental aspects in order to provide a comprehensive view about the most important factors affecting renewable energy pricing in Iran. The results show that in 1392, economic, financial & technical factors are respectively the most important factors in pricing of renewable energies in Iran.    

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Nowadays, with the intensification of competition in various business areas, especially service industries, organizations achieve their goals such as creating a positive attitude in the target community, creating customer satisfaction with the services provided, and ultimately gaining more profit, seeking to create and use Optimized for their competitive advantage over competitors. This is especially true in the private sector, given the important position of the customers, and it can be argued that the more their competitive advantage is more stable, they can be more successful in this regard. Considering the importance of this issue and the necessity of examining the effect of sustainable competitive advantage on brand image of the organization, the present study has been conducted with a descriptive / survey approach and with a developmental and applied purpose. More than 489 questionnaires were distributed among customers and users of private hospitals in Mazandaran province. In the validity of the questionnaire, the content / content validity and convergent and divergent validity were used. To determine its reliability, Cronbach's alpha method (84%) and combined reliability method (81%) were used. The results of the research showed that the sustainable competitive advantage of an organization can be influenced by brand marketing strategies through appropriate marketing strategies, which depends on the social interactions of customers as a moderating variable.

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The increasing importance of knowledge in economies has led to the knowledge-based economy. In fact, in this type of economy, the accumulation of science and knowledge from research and development has led to an increase in the rate of return on research and development projects and plays a significant role in creating wealth for a country. Accordingly, the main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between knowledge Economy Index (KEI) and Gross Domestic production (GDP) for Iran’s Economy over the past 20 years. Therefore, the relation between knowledge Economy Index and GDP growth in 1996 to 2017 in Iran’s economy through The Johansen test has been investigated. Results confirm a long-run relation between KEI and GDP growth during the studied period. Considering the significant contribution of knowledge-based economy to GDP growth, it seems it is necessary to pay attention to constructive variables of the s knowledge Economy and the production of knowledge-based products for Iran’s economy. Regarding this result, policymaking for promoting knowledge-based economy should be concerned.

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Economic environments have a profound effect on the growth of the insurance industry. History has shown that, although the performance of the insurance industry is closely linked to economic conditions, it has been able to survive in different economic environments. This study is undertaken to examine the demand for life insurance in Iran from a macroeconomic perspective. More formally, the work was carried out in order to study the interaction between the macroeconomic and demographic variables (i.e financial development, income, inflation, interest rate, price, stock market return and life expectancy) and the demand for life insurance in order to seek evidence of their relationship in the context of Iran for the period 1369-83(1990-2004). The major findings of this study indicated that the saving deposits rate, price change, income, stock marked return and life expectancy in insurance are important macroeconomic variables associated with the demand for life insurance in Iran. Further a change in the price of insurance has a significant negative relationship with the demand for life insurance. These findings have an important implication on policy formulation and also for the policy markers in developing pricing strategies. for the policy makers.

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In Economics literature many studies tried to examine whether stocks are perfect hedge against inflation. The answer is not conclusive. In this paper, using data from Tehran stock market, the relationship between inflation and stock returns during April 1991 till March 2009 is reexamined. The empirical results have shown that Fisher Hypothesis, which asserts that stocks are perfect hedge against inflation, has been rejected and also it is revealed that stocks are a weak hedge against inflation in Tehran stock market. Fama has already tried to explain why Fisher hypothesis did not hold in some situations. In this paper Fama hypothesis is examined and it is found out that Fama explanation for the rejection of the Fisher hypothesis is hardly acceptable and the negative relationship between inflation and real rate of return of the stocks in Tehran stock market can be attributed to temporary part of the inflation.

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 The frequency bandwidth of microstrip patch antennas can be increased using both of U-slot and proximity feeding. Although some design rules have been already explained for the probe-fed U-slot antenna the proximity coupling causes to consider a lot of parameters for design procedure; consequently, to deal with all of them seems confusing. In this paper after investigating the effect of various parameters on the multiple resonant frequencies of the antenna and recognizing the most effective factors, some guidelines to design a proximity coupled U-slot microstrip antenna are proposed. In addition, an antenna element with 16% impedance bandwidth is designed at center frequency of 16.7GHz, and its broadband impedance and radiation characteristics are vastly considered. Also, 1×2 and 2×2 arrays of the antenna element are designed to use as subarrays for designing large arrays. The measurement results of return loss and radiation pattern, show good agreement with simulation results.

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 It is important to investigate the status of women's presence in different economic sectors and formal and informal economies. Also, considering the special situation of Iran in terms of increasing number of women with higher education and economic sanctions, identifying the effective factors for recognizing barriers to women's presence in economic, social, and cultural dimensions and providing solutions for removing those barriers is the need of the present time to obtain practical results for the field of employment policy. Accordingly, this study, after identifying the effect of these barriers on women's economic participation, intends to provide solutions to eliminate and reduce the effect of barriers and suggest appropriate solutions for creating opportunities and increasing women's economic participation. Based on the results, using a correlation test and multivariate regression, it was shown that three of them, economic, social, and occupational barriers had a negative and significant effect on women's economic participation in Iran's labor market, while the effect of institutional barriers was not statistically confirmed.