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Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered an opportunistic pathogen; several reports indicate that the organism can also cause infections in healthy hosts. Four effector proteins have been described in P. aeruginosa: exoU, exoS, exoT, and exoY. These genes that are translated into protein products related to type III secretion systems. Materials and Methods: A total of 134 samples were isolated, and P. aeruginosa was identified using biochemical tests. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, and the presence of the exoSand exoUgenes were detected by PCR. Biofilms were formed by culturing P. aeruginosaon glass slides in rich medium. Results: The exoU(73%), exoS (62%) genes were detected from infections caused by P. aeruginosa in urinary tract infection patients. Among the 119 strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Conclusion: An improved understanding of virulence genes and biofilm formation in P.aeruginosa may facilitate the future development of novel vaccines and drug treatments.

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This article, by descriptive-analytical method, seeks to investigate how to reflect Iranian culture in Fazel al-Azzawi's poetry. Fazel al-Azzawi, an alive Iraqi innovative, talented, and obscure poet has referred to Iranian culture in part of his poems. Hence, in this paper, it is sought to mention examples in which Iranian culture is to be seen, in addition to introducing such a mighty poet to those interested in the area of Arabic literature. One example of this evidence is the recollection of Iranian characters such as Khayyam Nishapur, Rumi, Hafez, Saadi and Mansur Hallaj. According to the research, the poet mentioned these characters in his poem because of using their wisdom and poem content in his own poetry, in addition to his dedication to them. The results of this study indicate that the Iraqi poet, by narrating and describing Iranian myths in the One Thousand and One Nights Stories, encoded them only as a motive for revealing his political critique, and regards it as a way of expressing dissatisfaction with the community of his time, in order to make a change in his own land. Also, in this research, the most prominent signs of Iranian culture in Fazel al-Azzawi poetry, i.e., referring to the cities and places of Iran such as Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz and Qom, were finally considered, are investigated. And finally it was concluded that the poet has mentioned these cities in order to make a link between them and the conditions of his own homeland. In fact, these cities are places for sympathy with his own homeland. At the end of the research, the Arabic words with Persian origins in poet’s poetry have been presented and investigated which can undoubtedly be an example of the effectiveness of Persian language in Arabic one. Accordingly, it is safe to say that al-Azzawi's poetry is a perfect mirror of Iranian culture.

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Introduction
After the three eras of agriculture, industry and information, the sky of the virtual age over the heads of humans has covered the vast umbrella of human geography in every corner of the boundless earth. The fourth technological revolution is a reality that has and will affect all city and urban structures in the world. In this regard, "crypto cities" and "metaverse cities" are two technological phenomena affected by this revolution and based on technologies such as blockchain, cryptocurrency, etc., which have attracted attention in the advanced world, and even in this direction, measures have been initiated. According to the twenty-year vision of Iran's development, which aims to gain the first place in the region for the country, and in line with the country's development laws, which includes the urban economy and the development of technologies required for urban management along with the knowledge economy this axis is emphasized in Iran. Also, based on the horizon of the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress as an upstream document, in 1450 AH, Iran should be among the five leading countries in the world in the production of thought and technology, and from a knowledge-based and self-based economy based on rationality, justice and Islamic spirituality and one of the ten largest economic powers in the world; Therefore, logically- by designing such a vision- one cannot ignore the phenomenon of the fourth technological wave and its manifestations, i.e. crypto cities and metaverse cities that are rising. But the problem of this research is that until now, due to the importance of metaverse cities in the future of the country, this phenomenon has not been addressed from different points of views. Therefore, it is clear that there is a significant gap in the research done inside the country. This research, due to the importance of the topic, aimed to answer the following questions:
 what are the consequences of moving towards the metaverse cities for Iran?
 what issues should be taken into consideration in the planning of the future metaverse cities of Iran?
 what are the causal conditions that justify the establishment of Metaverse cities in Iran?
 what strategies and solutions (measures) are necessary for the purpose of guiding and measures for the future metaverse cities of the country?
Also, the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress is considered as an upstream document; Therefore, as a rule and logically, it has a very high influence in the future metaverse cities of the country. Therefore, other question is that:
 what points can be obtained from the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress in relation to the measures for the proper management of the future metaverse cities of the country?
Methology
This article is fundamental. It is question-oriented and it is done in document and library method. Also, it is qualitative research, which is exploratory through the qualitative content analysis method, and it is done in the framework of the grounded theory method. The statistical sample of the research includes a range of documents and scientific studies related to the central topic of the research which used the available sampling method.
Research findings
Based on research findings, metaverse cities will have consequences for the country. In this connection, in the case of proper management and appropriate measures, this wave will have more positive consequences than negative consequences. Also, in terms of intervening conditions, culture and cultural policies, especially in the field of virtual space, the culture of Technology acceptance, the dominant philosophy of Technology policy (technorealism, neoladism, and techno-utopianism), the state of establishment of the fourth technological wave paradigm, and the state of establishment of the participation-oriented paradigm, sustainable development, knowledge-based development and strengthening the city's integrity are considered non-technical intervention conditions. In relation to technical categories, the state of information and communication Technology components including infrastructure (computers, transmission networks, internet, etc.), application software, manpower and Technology management in the framework of indicators such as processing, bandwidth, user experience, connectivity, e-commerce, programming languages, network and computer architecture and storage resources, based on research findings, as intervening conditions in the establishment of metaverse cities in Iran are discussed. Background conditions are special conditions that affect strategies and solutions. These are a combination of technical conditions, jurisprudential bases, legal bases and monetary policies. In connection with the technical conditions, we can refer to the 8 enablers of metaverse Technology including: network, edge/cloud, artificial intelligence, computer vision, blockchain, internet of things and robotics, user interaction and augmented reality and 6 pillars of the metaverse ecosystem including: avatar, content production , virtual economy, social acceptance, security and privacy, and trust and responsibility centered on the 4 basic components of blockchain metaverse cities, virtual currency, exchangeable token and social interactions (social networks). Besides these conditions, jurisprudential bases, legal bases and monetary and currency policies of the country - based on research findings - are the background conditions that should be considered in strategies and solutions. Causal conditions also specify the categories that are related to the conditions for creating the central category. Based on research findings, integration in policy making, legislation, planning, implementation and monitoring, in other words integrated management and measures are the most important causal conditions in this field. According to the contextual, intervening categories, as well as the consequences and disadvantages of metaverse cities (in case of inappropriate management and measures) were raised. Strategies and solutions in line with appropriate management and measures of metaverse cities can be divided into two categories: technical and non-technical.
Conclusions
Based on the results of the research, considering the conditions mentioned in the research, including integration in policy making, legislation, planning, implementation and monitoring, it is possible to achieve metaverse cities in the country with social, economic, cultural and environmental low consequences. Also, in the Iranian Islamic Model of Progress document, three paragraphs in the measures section are dedicated to virtual space; In total, the following points, based on the results of the research, were used in order to take advantage of the measures in order to achieve the worthy leadership of the country's future in addition to the above-mentioned points:
 1) accepted metaverse city; It is a healthy, useful, safe and ethical space based on Iranian Islamic values, culture and identity, and is a fair space in which justice has been observed in exploiting the virtual opportunity;
2) The future metaverse cities of the country should be in line with promoting local knowledge, developing the country, providing security and increasing the resilience of infrastructure; this matter will be done with public participation and international cooperation;
3) Metaverse city can be a platform for promoting creative and cultural industries in accordance with the national and local capabilities of Iran in which norming, promotion and expansion of Islamic culture and values ​​of Iran has been done considering the demand of the regional and global audience.

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Due to its richness and long history, Iranian mysticism has been able to fascinate everyone. In Iranian mysticism, the goal of the seeker is to gain knowledge through the stages of conduct and strive to purify his soul. Comparative literature is a suitable context that plays an important role in this regard. In the meantime, Muhammad Adam, a modern poet, gifted and alive in Egypt, whose poetic life is tied to mysticism and Sufism; In some of his poems, he mentions mystical-Iranian thoughts that have been influenced by them. Therefore, the present study seeks to show how Mohammad Adam Adam's poetry is influenced by Iranian mysticism through a descriptive-analytical method. This research is generally divided into three main sections. In the first part, Iranian mystics who were influenced by Mohammad Adam, in the second part, common mystical terms and in the final part, common mystical symbols with these mystics in his poetry are examined. The findings of the research indicate that Mohammad Adam has benefited from the boiling source of Iranian mystics, among whom are: Rumi, Suhrawardi, Hallaj and Ghazali. Also among the manifestations of Mohammad Adam's influence on Iranian mysticism, common mystical terms such as: 1) existence and non-existence 2) love 3) praise of God 4) soul 5) unity 6) travel and also common mystical symbols with Iranian mystics including: 1- Light 2- Candle 3- Fish 4- Night.
 

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In this study, with the aim of understanding the meaning and analysis of the literary text, it has been attempted, by relying on existentialism and in the context of the American school of comparative literature, the effects of fear and hope and some of its related components in the works of Houshang Moradi Kermani and Mark Twain. Existentialism encourages human action, because it says that hope should not be limited to action, and that it is possible for human being to live. Existentialism is a philosophical thought that has influenced literary criticism and has led to the emergence of numerous theories. What is Jean-Paul Sartre writing about literature? He writes of a prestigious commitment to literature, and Heidegger puts into practice a modern philosophical hermeneutics and publishes a traditional look. Thus, based on Cartesian and anti-Cartesian Heidegger's doctrine, Heidegger's two types of Hebrew literary Existentialism Sartorius is formed. This research, through an adaptive approach, has inspected the elements of fear and hope. The findings of this research show that although the researchers have compared the works of Moradi Kermani and Mark Twain more from the perspective of the school of Realism, one can find hope and hope based on pragmatism and existentialist attitudes in these works.

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Tragedy, in its original Greek format, was in the form of a play to be performed on the stage. Aristotle was among the first people to argue about tragedy in a precise and technical way in the book called “poetry technique” and considered it as a type of poetry so that it is an imitation of people’s conduct and represents them better than the way they are. Moreover, Aristotle gave an adequate explanation for tragedy performance style, scene features, and actors.

Some tragedies were created in Ancient Rome with a purpose rather than play on the stage. Therefore, in Medieval and the Renaissance, the element of being dramatic, was not considered as the main factor regarding the study of tragic artwork. Moreover, in contemporary era, the features of tragedy is searchable in novels and poetry.Shahname, written by Ferdowsi, an epic poetry, consists of some tales that can be taken into account as tragedy. A heroic story which ends in catastrophe, engages the human mind with philosophical subjects, brings leniency to the heart and purifies the soul. 

The authors intend to search for the key elements of Greek tragedy in two tragic stories, Shahname by Ferdowsi, Siyavash and Foroud.  The results of the study indicates that these two stories are not fine examples of Greek tragedy and the main factor for differentiation is the narrative style of Shahname which does not match Greek tragedy

 

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Due to their deviation from the principles and rules of formal written literature, nonsense are the poems driving from oral and popular literature, and are a mixture of verbal and musical games that seem to have no message. Although seemingly meaningless, nonsense are full of movement and events. The interconnected notions of nonsense and their imaginative images portray a world full of enthusiasm for children, a world without rules, like the imagination that makes up for everything it wants. In order to analyze nonsense, this study uses data collection by the library method and is based on data analysis, primarily qualitative and inductive reasoning, by examining "aesthetic rhetoric," including linguistic and syntactic deviation, synesthesia, rhythmic pattern, unusual imagination, image inversion, surreal imagery, personification, animation without any temporality and spatiality, the aesthetics of deviation even with the conflict of meaning and repetition of content. The results show that nonsense are dynamic and living poems in the field of folk literature that change and adapt to temporal and spatial conditions and that their aesthetic and semantic rhetorical traits are more expressed in linguistic structures and forms. It should be noted that the semantic deviation is their proper and inseparable character at syntagmatic and paradigmatic levels.
 

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این مطلب نقد مقاله است و طبق روش مجله نیاز به چکیده ندارد. چکیده مقاله «هاله‌های موسیقیایی در معنای دو واژه در شعر حافظ1» بهتر از بخش «چکیده» در بخش «نتیجة‌« آن آمده است. متن نتیجه‌گیری را که همچون خود مقاله (دربردارنده حدود سه هزار واژه) کوتاه است در اینجا می‌آوریم: «با این‌که درباره موسیقی در شعر حافظ، بسیار نوشته شده؛ اما باز هم می‌توان ناگفته‌هایی در این زمینه یافت. در این مقاله دو واژه «حزین» و «کار» (کارعمل) که معنای موسیقیایی آنها از نظر پژوهندگان دور مانده است، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و شواهد مربوط به آنها از شعر حافظ ارائه شد. توجه به معنای موسیقیایی این واژه‌ها می‌تواند خواننده را به ایهام تناسب ایجادشده به وسیله واژه‌های مذکور با دیگر واژه‌های بیت رهنمون سازد2 و بر لذت هنری وی بیفزاید» (اخیانی و بیرانوند، 1392: 124). پیش از هر چیز این پرسش پیش می‌آید که یافتن دو واژه سازنده ایهام تناسب در دیوان یک شاعر را می‌توان پژوهشی در اندازه مقالة‌ علمی-پژوهشی دانست؟‌ پرسش دیگر این است که اگر معنی غایب و سازنده ایهام تناسب (در اینجا: معنی موسیقایی) یکی از دو واژه در شعر حافظ را حافظ‌پژوهان در بررسی شعر او آورده باشند و ایهام تناسب واژه دیگر را نیز دیگر پژوهشگران با آوردنِ نمونه‌ها و گستردگی بیشتر، پیشتر آشکار ساخته باشند (چنان که در نقد پیش رو نشان خواهیم داد) آن نوشته کوتاه که با نثری گاه ناشیوا و لغزش‌های کوچک و بزرگ دیگر نگاشته شده چه ارزشی خواهد داشت؟

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This article investigates energy absorption capacity and plastic deformation of lateral flattening process on an aluminum profile with special cross-section under the lateral compressive loading in the quasi-static condition by experimental method. The profile section is a circular tube with two symmetric longitudinal grooves. Different samples with various lengths and outer diameters in three different filling conditions consist of empty, core-filled and full-filled by polyurethane foam were prepared. Some specimens with the same geometry and filling condition but, with different loading angles of 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90o respect to symmetric line of two longitudinal grooves, were laterally compressed. Effects of various parameters such as profile length, outer diameter, three different filling conditions, and loading angle are investigated on lateral loading and specific absorbed energy. Experimental results show that specific absorbed energy is independent of specimen length. At the same displacement, when diameter of samples increases compressive loading decreases. Also, in zero loading angle, presence of the filler enhances lateral load; and consequently, increases specific absorbed energy by the structure. In viewpoint of the design of an energy absorber design, optimum specimen is full-filled profile under a loading angle equal to zero. However, if due to some design limitations, assembling the special profile with loading angle of zero is impossible, assembling the structure in empty condition with loading angle of 90o can be the next suggestion. Experiments show that the highest specific absorbed energy occurs in the profile with different diameters under loading angles of zero and 90o.

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In this paper, thermal and vibration response of cross-ply bi-stable composite laminated plates were studied using semi-analytical, finite element and experimental method. In order to evaluate the semi-analytical and finite element results, a bi-stable composite plate was manufactured using a special procedure. Next, geometrical characteristics and displacement of different paths on the plate were measured experimentally at room temperature. In semi-analytical approach, the two stable states and the first natural frequency of cross-ply laminates are calculated based on Rayleigh–Ritz approach combined with Hamilton’s principle. In this study, a modified shape function was introduced that allows the curvatures to vary in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Using the modified shape function, the displacement of the plate in its stable configuration and the first natural frequency of the plate can be more accurately predicted in compared to the Hyer’s shape functions. The obtained results from the proposed shape function are in good agreement with the finite element and experimental data. The proposed shape functions can also be used in dynamic and vibration analysis to determine the snap-through load of the cross-ply laminates.

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Mechanical behavior of articular cartilage is affected by many factors. Inhomogeneous distribution of proteoglycans and collagen fibers through the thickness causes some depth-wise behavior. Mechanical properties directly affect stress and deformation of the tissue. In previous studies complexities and variation in mechanical properties were ignored. The aim of the present study is to create a model close to real anatomy of articular cartilage in knee joint and to simulate its behavior under dynamic gate in the stance phase. A 3D finite element (FE) model was created. It was constructed considering femur and tibial cartilages as well as medial and lateral meniscus. In the FE model, a nonlinear isotropic viscoelastic material model used for cartilages and a linear anisotropic elastic one was chosen for meniscuses. As well, cartilages assumed saturated . Numerical simulations on the model showed that peak of maximum principal stress occurred in superficial layer. It was decreased through thickness. These expressed why osteoarthritis fall out in the exterior layers such superficial . The present study showed that hydraulic permeability variation in cartilage as a strain-dependent variable was negligible in dynamic loading. Also, results had a good agreement with experimental ones

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This article investigates energy absorption capacity and plastic deformation trend of lateral flattening of an aluminum profile with H-shaped cross section under the quasi-static lateral loading by experimental, numerical and theoretical methods. Samples were prepared with different lengths and three different filling conditions including empty, core-filled and perfectly-filled by polyurethane foam. In addition, samples with the same geometry and filling conditions were laterally compressed with loading angles of 0 and 90 degree. Effect of some parameters such as length, three different filling conditions and loading angle were experimentally investigated on lateral force and specific absorbed energy (SAE). The results show that SAE is independent of samples length. At the loading angle of 90 degree, presence of the filler causes increment of SAE by the structure. Using the perfectly-filled profile under the loading angle of 90 degree is the most optimum condition. Based on two different energy absorption mechanisms, a theoretical equation was derived to estimate total absorbed energy (TAE) by empty sample with loading angle of zero; and predicted results were compared with the experimental samples. Due to present limitations in preparing the samples with different geometrical dimensions, nonlinear ABAQUS software was employed. Some samples with different wall thicknesses were modeled and influence of thickness was investigated on TAE. TAE is directly correlated to the second power of wall thickness; and this relationship can be clearly understood from the theoretical equation and numerical results. High correlation of experimental, numerical and theoretical results indicates precision and accuracy of the performed research.

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With an increasing population growth and subsequent physical expansion of cities and their tendency toward consumerism, waste generation and disposal of solid waste have increased and this non-normative and non-professional disposal has left deleterious effects of the environment. and far to reduce the quality of the urban environment has led. In Ardebil, the current location of waste disposal is in its north, i.e. the east side of Ardebil- Meshkinshar road. The present study is an attempt to analyze land suitability of the site with its current situation using a descriptive- analytical approach. It proposes an optimal location for the disposal of solid waste. Based on library studies and field observations, the parameters affecting the subject of the research were determined and the research criteria maps were produced using the Arcgis 10.2 software. All these effective parameters were evaluated and standardized using Fuzzy membership and Fuzzy overlay functions; therefore, all Layers were combined by taking advantage of fuzzy overlapping method. After overlapping the criteria maps in the software environment, the obtained results showed that locating the current landfill has not been in compliance with the standards. Hence, the optimal place to locate the landfill was proposed at 32 km southwest of Ardebil city

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The use of edible coatings can help reduce the undesired effects caused by the drying process of fruits and vegetables. In this study, the influence of two different edible coatings including basil and chitosan (0, 0.5 and 1 %) on drying kinetic, color, texture and antioxidant activity of apple slices were evaluated at different temperatures (40, 50 and 60 ˚C) in hot air oven and vacuum drying. The results showed that the use of different coatings in both drying methods increased the drying time. Fitting of different mathematical models on the experimental data showed that the Midili model for basil coatings and the approximation of diffusion model for chitosan coatings are able to predict the moisture content more accurately than other models. With increasing coating concentration or decreasing drying temperature the lightness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and antioxidant activity enhanced. But, the redness, yellowness, brownness, total color difference and hardness diminished. Generally, basil and chitosan coating pretreatment could be considered as an effective approach to improve the quality of the dried apple fruit in drying industry.

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