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Qazieh is comic literary style, which was created by Hedayat in his book “Vagh Vagh Sahab”. Beside its application in comic, Qazieh has not been recognized and followed strongly yet. In Qazieh, we confront with Naghizeh style, but features of language, form and content, make it outstanding. Two aspects of Qazieh that bold its prominence are: First confronting poem in a folksy style, and demolishing rhythm and intentionally. In addition, criticizing the hidden social, cultural, and literal problems of the society makes it unique. This essay re-analyzes Qazieh in Vagh Vagh Sahab, and indicates the methods that Hedayat uses in creating Qazieh.

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Language as a fact and social behavior is always invariant with social, cultural and traditional values. Vocabulary has an ideological identity card, and by digging the archeology of the vocabulary one can achieve inequality in the position and social roles of men and women, because they create, promote And reinforcing sexual ideologies through the same language and through discourse. In this research, the author of this study, with the approach of the sociology of language and with the descriptive-analytical method, wants to specify the cultural and social position of contemporary Arab and Pars women, based on the poems of Kuwaiti poet Sa'ad al-Sabah and Iranian poet Simin Behbahani. Achievement of the research shows that in choosing linguistic structures and patterns, Suad Al-Sabah and Simin Behbahani's follow specific linguistic patterns of their gender. Because women have been deprived of access to power in the community and have been deprived of their proper social base; their frequency of using emphasizing sentences in their poems is highlighted, so that their speeches may be considered. Using speaker's pronoun, those two poets aim to disturb the balance of power and prove the presence of women more actively in the cultural and social areas. These two contemporary Persian and Arab poets, with the help of mental metaphors, and metaphorical schemas, bring forth or create certain meanings. Suad Al-Sabah has cited Cygnus as a metaphor from a contemporary Arab woman to say that the contemporary woman has lost her freedom and her country has become a prison for her. Simin Behbahani's using the metamorphic "Gypsy" for contemporary Iranian woman, expresses hatred of allegiance, weakness, oppression, homage and submission, and demands human rights, liberty, pure and mutual love.

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Blood and bleeding and their related themes have long been rooted in human spirit and have had a decisive influence on Iranian and world culture. Themes and beliefs such as the sacrifice of human beings and animals, the rituals and beliefs that involve it, the killing of the holy people and its effect on human destiny, the bloodlust of the bleeding woman, blood spilling on the stone for the suppression of magic, the death of a sacred animal and those reflected in the history of Siavash, Iraj, Sohrab and Esfandiar in Shahnameh and finally the narrative petitions and oral narratives about the national epics are reflected and rooted in myths and branches in popular beliefs. In this research, using stories and other sources, first of all, popular beliefs about blood and its contents are examined at narrative plan, then the method of content analysis has been used and the desired samples have been compared.
 
 

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A formulaic speech is a part of language which can carry many meanings, themes and instances. Formulaic speech are commonly used in proverbs, metaphors, idioms and languages and more in conversational language and play an effective role in social communication and language development both structurally and conceptually. They are part of a community's identity, culture and history whose understanding will lead to a better understanding of culture and society and the linguistic infrastructure and developments of a language community. Also, analyzing and recognizing them in a text gives a better understanding of the hidden angles and style of that text. In Dehkhoda's articles, there are various types of formulaic speech that in each of them lies deep social, cultural and linguistic concepts and understanding them helps to understand the style and language of Dehkhoda's articles and the society of his day. The present study uses qualitative (analytical-descriptive) method to analyze and recognize patterns of species in Dehkhoda's "Charand-o-parand" in three categories: proverb, irony, idioms and languages. The results of the research show that using these molded structures, Dehkhoda has depicted the conditions of his community and it has conveyed its content quickly and deeply to the audience. The use of these constructions has also led to the closest proverbial proverb to colloquial language. Idioms (220 Items), Irony (81 Items) and Proverbs (51 Items) are the most commonly used forms of molding in Dehkhoda's articles.

1. Introduction
Language is composed of different components and textures.One of them  is formulaic speech. These expressions are used in specific and limited social situations and are current and common in any language and are considered as an accepted part of that language. Knowing them leads to a better understanding of the language and discovering their meanings and their relationship with different social groups and classes of users.
Also, the study of formulaic speeches in textual research which allows the study of different linguistic layers in a text. Dehkhoda's articles are full of all kinds of stylized expressions of language. Dehkhoda has used these discourses creatively, in a way that his style can be identified through these stereotypes. The present article will examine these speeches
 Statement of the problems:
Formulaic speeches are the pre-prepared parts of the language which play an important role in social communication and language development. Examining these statements can help to examine the text more precisely; because these speeches show and contain different literary, cultural and social aspects of the text. This article uses analytical method to examine the Formulaic speeches in Dehkhoda's articles. This study makes Dehkhoda's articles more deeply understood.
Research aims:
The present study aims to analyze and recognize formulaic speeches in Dehkhoda's "Charand-o-parand" in three categories: proverb, irony, idioms .
Research questions:
This study wants to find some answer to these questions:
Which molded constructions are most used in Dehkhoda's articles and how Dehkhoda used each of them and how the existence of these constructions can affect the language of the text?
Research hypothesis:
The main premise of the present article is that Dehkhoda has been able to use all kinds of formulaic speeches in order to create a better and more effective relationship with the society of his time and solve the social and political problems of that period in simple, intimate and at the same time efficient and effective language.
 
2. Methods
The research method in this article is analytical and descriptive. Also, different types of formulaic speeches in “Charan-o-Parand” of Dehkhoda nonsense have been studied and categorized.
 
3. Results and Innovation
The results of the research show that using these molded structures, Dehkhoda has depicted in Charando Parand the conditions of his community and it has conveyed its content quickly and deeply to the audience. The use of these constructions has also led to the closest proverbial proverb to colloquial language. Idioms (220 Items), Irony (81 Items) and Proverbs (51 Items) are the most commonly used forms of molding in Dehkhoda's articles. These speeches have not been studied in Dehkhoda's articles so far
 

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In this paper, the design algorithm of a second throat exhaust diffuser applicable in altitude tests of large expansion ratio nozzles is presented. In this algorithm, the geometric parameters of the exhaust diffuser are classified into primary and secondary parts. The primary geometric parameters are calculated from normal shock theory incorporating with a correction coefficient. However, the secondary parameters are selected from the previously reported experimental results. Numerical simulation tool is utilized to satisfy the design candidates and to finalize the correction factor. Axis-symmetric compressible Navier–Stokes equations incorporated with two equation Kω-SST turbulence model are solved to extract the supersonic exhaust diffuser flow features. As a first stage of numerical analysis, we use an unsteady pressure-based solver to accelerate the solution procedure. At the second stage, we use steady density-based solver to enhance the accuracy of our solutions. The current numerical method is properly validated by experimental reported results in the literature. Finally, we focused on simulation results of a designed diffuser and described the flow futures at different boundary conditions. The simulation results are confirmed that the designed diffuser is suitable for proposed altitude test.

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In discussing the emergence of Nimai poetry, there are generally causes and factors such as the  efforts  of  Shams  Kasmayee,  Ja'far  Khamenei,  Abolghasem  Lahouti  and  Taqi  Rafat  in changing   the   poem formatsand   the   acquaintance   of   Nima   with   French   and   his impressionability from western literature. With more accurate research at this area we find out that  although  these  factors  remain  strong,  the  role  of  the  classic  approach  to  classical  poetry, such as the tendency toward multiple poems and innovations within this format, is undeniable. This  descriptive-analytical  paper  shows  that  some  of  the  most  important  features  of  Nimai poetry  have  been  used  before  in  some  constitutional  era.  These  features  include  changing  the length  of  the  lines  and  changing  the  rhyme  position.  Multiple  poems  also  been  a  pioneer  in mixing narrative and dramatic poetry and addressing political and social themes with regard to Nimai poetry.

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Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process that leads to several advantages over fusion welding methods as problems associated with cooling from the liquid phase are avoided. In the current research, a new method is presented to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of joint obtained using FSW. In this method, the joining workpieces are vibrated during FSW. The joining workpieces are fixed on fixture in a butt position and the fixture is vibrated mechanically normal to weld line through camshaft mechanism. The new method is described as friction stir vibration welding (FSVW) process. Microstructure and mechanical properties of welded specimens using FSW and FSVW processes are compared. The results show that weld region grain size of FSV welded specimen is lower than that in specimen welded by FSW for about 30% and the ultimate tensile strength of joint obtained using the former process is higher than that relating to the latter one for about 12%. This is attributed to more generation of dislocations and correspondingly enhanced dynamic recrystallization as vibration is applied. The results also indicate that the weld region grain size of FSV welded specimen increases and mechanical properties of joint decrease as tool rotation speed increases and traverse speed decreases. This is related to temperature increase during FSVW. It is concluded that FSVW is a proper candidate for FSW and its application is recommended for industries.

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During transient phase of motor burning in an altitude test simulator, the low momentum exhaust combustion gases could not establish supersonic flow in the exhaust diffuser. This leads to a reverse flow of the exhaust gases into the vacuum chamber through the annular gap between nozzle and diffuser walls. This spoils the vacuum in the chamber and it is potentially dangerous for measurement instruments inside the vacuum chamber. In this research; at the first, the physics of the flow at initial transient phase of motor burning is investigated numerically and the backflow phenomenon is illustrated. Then, the influences of backflow arrester (BFA) in variations of vacuum chamber pressure and temperature are studied at the transient starting phase. It has been found that applying BFA to decrease the backflow to the vacuum chamber has no significant effect on starting time of the diffuser but it has strong effect on peak pressure and temperature reduction of the vacuum chamber. It is although found that attaining to the steady condition in vacuum chamber is delayed with this instrument. However, using one-way backflow arrester of reasonable size, both the starting time of diffuser and the peak temperature of the vacuum chamber experience a strong reduction. Although, the vacuum chamber steady condition is accelerated with this alternative. Therefore, this device is more suitable than conventional BFA for transient starting phase of the altitude test simulators.

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In this research, the performance study of an altitude test simulator at transient phase of motor burnout is conducted by numerical approach. Using a time dependent pressure profile of a motor in burnout phase, the unsteady exhaust flow is simulated in the main sections of the altitude test simulator, i.e. high expansion ratio nozzle, second throat exhaust diffuser, and vacuum chamber. Present investigation shows that in spite of the high pressure starting condition of the altitude simulator, the supersonic flow in the diffuser tends to breakdown at relatively low combustion pressure in the motor terminating phase. At the breakdown condition, the nozzle exhaust hot gases directed into the vacuum chamber through the annular gap between nozzle and diffuser walls. Present simulation shows that the overall temperature of fluid in vacuum chamber is reached up to 2000 K after the motor burnout. Really, It is potentially dangerous for measurement instruments inside the vacuum chamber. Furthermore; in this research, the influences of backflow arrester (BFA) in variations of vacuum chamber temperature are studied at this transient terminating phase. It has been shown that, the BFA can decrease the exhaust streaming into the chamber in initial breakdown periods. Results show that utilizing a suitable BFA size, the safe temperature condition could be established in vacuum chamber during and after the transient terminating phase of motor.