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Research subject: Osmosis membrane bioreactor is one of the best industrial wastewater treatment methods. The main advantage of using osmosis process is its operation at low hydraulic pressures which has a better performance in removing pollutants and low energy consumption than other methods                        
Research approach: In this research, Nano porous Titanium dioxide powder with a specific surface area and anatase wall was synthesized through a thermal process using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant directing agent and a pore-creating agent.Ultrafiltration nanocomposite membranes were made using modified titanium dioxide (TiO₂) (MT) and polysulfone (PSf) by phase the inversion method. The morphology and structure of the prepared membranes and nanoparticles were investigated using by atomic fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy(FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this research, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as simulated wastewater for the feed solution. The fabricated ultrafiltration membranes were tested in osmosis membrane bioreactor (OMBR) system due to lower energy and fouling. 0.6 % solution of poly (sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) was used as an osmotic solution. Comparative separation performance and antifouling properties of both nanocomposites in several analyzes such as water contact angle measurement, pure water flux and filtration of different concentrations of bovine serum albumin solution. BSA and fouling resistance have been investigated


Main results:  TThe results that Due to the addition of MT nanoparticles to the polymer matrix, the hydrophilicity and surface energy of the membrane increased, which led to the improvement of the membrane performance. The membrane containing 1% titanium oxide nanoparticles showed the best result. For example, for feeding with a concentration of 200 ppm, the water flux increased from 20 to 38.5 L/ m² h, and the percentage of returning lethal solution decreased from 19.6 to 30 g/ m² h. The flux recovery in this membrane was 96%, which indicates the antifouling property of the modified nanocomposite membrane.                                                                
              

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic myelin destructive disease which affects central nerves system. CD4+ T cells are a group of adaptive immune system cells that have Pivotal role in immune response against the foreign agents. Th17 (T helper 17) cells are one of the subsets of CD4+ T cells which increased in multiple sclerosis patients. MicroRNAs are single stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate protein expression by targeting their mRNA. The aim of this work was to determine miRNAs which probably have effect on theTh17 differentiation pathway by means of bioinformatics methods to suppress this pathway and decrease MS symptoms. by using miRWalk and miRTarBase databases, the probable and validated interactions between some miRNAs and Th17 differentiation pathway proteins were investigated .Disregulated expression of this miRNAs clinically have been shown previously in MS patients. Results showed that miR-9 probably could induce Th17 differentiation from naïve T cells by suppressing negative regulator of Th17 differentiation pathway. In contrast, miR-17and miR-106a/b probably could inhibit Th17 differentiation pathway by suppressing positive regulator of this pathway. Thus, this miRNAs can be considered as potential therapeutic targets for suppression or symptom reduction and also diagnostic markers in MS patients.

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Objective: This study investigated tissue damages induced by chronic subcutaneous administration of nano- and microparticles of manganese dioxide (MnO₂) on the liver, kidneys and testes of rats. Methods: Rats (n=210) were divided into three groups: control, MnO₂ nanoparticle injected and MnO₂ microparticle injected. The experimental groups received subcutaneous injections with either nano- or microparticles of a solution that contained MnO₂ (100 μg/kg) once per two weeks for 14 weeks. Once every two weeks, we randomly selected five rats from each group for histological evaluations of the liver, kidneys, and testes. Tissue lesions were initially evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, then kidney and liver tissue sections were stained by the Jones and Masson's trichrome methods, respectively. The changes in diameter of basement membrane and cell numbers of the various parts of the nephrons in different groups were measured by Image Tools version 2 software. Results: The liver tissues of the nano- and microparticle groups exhibited severe damage histopathologically. Cloudy swelling was observed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. The liver tissue and its canaliculi structures were severely damaged. Inflammation and ductular reaction signs were seen in liver tissue. Deposition of particles in the basement membrane of the nephrons were observed in the nanoparticle-treated group. There was a significant reduction in glomerular and tubular cells in the nanoparticle-treated group compared to the control and microparticle-treated groups. Some of the structural and functional parameters of the testes in the nanoparticle-treated group had significant pathobiological variations. Conclusion: Administration of MnO₂ nanoparticles when compared with the same dose of MnO₂ microparticles caused more tissue damage in all examined tissues. Reduction in particle size from micrometer to nanometer appeared to exacerbate the damaging mechanisms of these particles in the examined tissues.

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The goal of this research is to design and build a solar adsorption chiller operated by activated carbon / methanol. Continuous refrigeration systems are able to produce cooling continuously. This paper examines the effect of activated carbon particles on the performance of a continuous adsorption chiller device. The source of this chiller is through sunlight and supplied by a parabolic collector that does not need to track sunlight. The system operates with two adsorbent beds that, when one is adsorbed, the other is desorbed. The experiments were carried out in Yasuj during three different days in the month of Bahman for three hot water input to the chiller 38℃, 34℃ and 30℃. The average ambient temperature during the experiment is 18℃. Experimental results shows that for the total energy input, 13MJm-2, the average performance factor of the chiller is when the inlet temperature of the hot water of the chiller is 38℃, 34℃ and 30℃, respectively, of 0.123, 0.103 and 0.10. For Previous temperatures the average specific cooling power of the device was obtained at 88Wkg-1, 65Wkg-1 and 50Wkg-1 respectively.

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Antioxidants are compounds that effectively prevent the oxidation of oils and fats and increase their shelf life. However, due to the possibility of toxicity and carcinogenicity of synthetic antioxidants, today much attention has been paid to the application of natural antioxidants in the food industry.The aim of this study was to determine the amount of phenolic compounds and to investigate the antioxidant effects of different parts of saffron extract and application of the selected extract in cream. The values of total phenol, free radical inhibitory capacity (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were evaluated in ethanolic extract of six parts of saffron (Stigma, Style, Petal, Stem, Corm and Stamen). Also, the extract that showed the highest antioxidant properties was selected and its effects were evaluated in cream at 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75% (w/v) concentrations. The results showed that among the extracts of different parts of saffron, petal extract has the highest amount of phenolic compounds (74 mg/g). The findings of both DPPH and FRAP tests also indicated that petal extract had the highest antioxidant capacity compared to other parts. As the concentration of petal extract in the cream increased, its antioxidant effect increased, so that in cream with 0.75 % extract concentration, the production of primary and secondary oxidation products were significantly lower than the other two concentrations. Also, the results of sensory evaluation of treated cream showed that 0.5% petal extract was chosen as the best treatment since it was rated the highest by the panelist compared to other samples. Therefore, according to the results, saffron petal extract can be considered as a valuable plant to prevent the oxidation process and can be used as a natural antioxidant source in cream.

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One way to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria is to use preservatives and antimicrobial compounds. Due to the general concerns about the side effects of chemical preservatives, there is a tendency to consume products that use natural preservatives. In this study, six parts of saffron (Petal, Stigma, Stamen, Corm, Stale, Stem) were prepared and the amount of phenolic compounds, antimicrobial properties, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of extracts against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) were evaluated. Also, the extract that showed the highest antimicrobial properties was selected and its effects were evaluated on the cream at 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75% (w/v) concentrations. The results showed that among the extracts of different parts of saffron, petal extract has the highest amount of phenolic compounds and antimicrobial effect. The highest effect of ethanolic extract of petal was achieved against gram positive bacteria such as B. cereus and S. aureus, respectively. The lowest amount of MIC and MBC were obtained for petals at concentration of 3.12 and 6.25 (mg / ml), respectively. In cream with 0.75% extract concentration, the total bacterial count was significantly lower than the other two concentrations. Also, the results of sensory evaluation of treated cream showed that 0.5% petal extract was chosen as the best treatment since it was rated the highest by the panelist compared to other samples. Therefore, according to the results, saffron petal extract can be considered as a valuable plant for overcoming infectious diseases and it can be used as a natural antimicrobial source in cream to replace chemical preservatives.

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Objective: RNA interference (RNAi) is considered as a potential approach for knocking down of target genes and their functional assessment. Lentiviral vectors serve as an efficient tool for transducing of foreign genes in a wide variety of mammalian cells. Fibronectin type I domain-containing 5 (Fndc5) is a glycosylated membrane protein which is shown that its transcript levels to be increased during the neural and cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Here, we reported the efficacy of Fndc5 gene silencing in mESCs using lentiviral vectors expressing shRNA.
Methods: Two distinct shRNA sequences targeting Fndc5 coding sequence (CDS) and one scramble shRNA sequence as a negative control were designed and commercially synthesized. Synthetic shRNA oligonucleotides were cloned into a lentiviral inducible vector after annealing downstream of the tetracycline inducible H1 promoter. The recombinant lentiviral vector was packaged in HEK293T cells, then mESCs were transduced by lentiviral particles. Expression of shRNA in transduced cell lines was induced by Doxycycline treatment for 48h.
Results: Evaluation of transcript levels of Fndc5 by real-time PCR showed a significant decrease in transduced cells by a mixture of two shRNAs.
Conclusion: Taken together, lentiviral-mediated RNA interference targeting Fndc5 gene could be considered as an efficient tool to silence the expression of the gene in transduced cell line to study the function of Fndc5.