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Pre-service teacher education programs play a pivotal role in the formation and evolution of teachers' identities, wherein both formal and hidden curriculums exert significant influences (Beauchamp and Thomas, 2009). This qualitative study delves into the development of Language Teacher Identities (LTIs) among student teachers at Farhangian University, with a particular focus on the reformed curriculum.A qualitative research method was used. A total of 27 female student teachers shared their experiences through individual and focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing the interviews. The findings revealed mismatches between the student teachers’ envisioned identities and the curriculum’s expected identity, leading to feelings of cognitive unpreparedness. The study also highlighted the significant roles of both formal and hidden curriculums in shaping teacher identity, with both positive and negative changes observed in cognitive, social, and emotional aspects. The implications drawn from the study’s findings provide insights into curriculum design and teacher education programs, offering guidance on how to effectively support the construction of teacher identity and raise student teachers’ awareness of this transformative process.

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Women in the book of “One thousand and one nights” and “Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh”, various social roles, sometimes positive and sometimes negative, are responsible; the role and position of women in two somewhat different. More tales One thousand and one nights, unlike the shahnameh, the loathing of women begins. At the beginning of this story, it seems that she is defeated and surrendered, but it is not so, but at the end of her affair with a feminine subtlety to spend, will win. In this paper with the method of descriptive-analytical, social status and role of women in two great works have been reviewed and compared. Most of the stories have been studied in this paper, which are responsible for a good female role. The results of this study indicate that the legend of the One thousand and one nights unlike the shahnameh, role of women in negative and sometimes mixed with evil of satanic. .  

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Abstract Since proverbs are based on the life experiences of ethnics, by studying them the social, cultural and political structure of each ethnic can be reintroduced. The political structure of Iran until constitutionalism is known by despotism, in which the king was on top of the power and people were his slaves. Despotic power, popularity of deterministic ideas lack of intellectuality and philosophy in society, allegiance, and lack of individualism are examples that during the history have formed proverbs and words that has fainted the base of any kind of intellectuality, social movement, and progress. proverbs as a representative of human thought and the most important role model for common people’s life has formed a considerable portion of Iranian’s language and culture. Then it will be very helpful in studying and analyzing Iranian’s culture. The purpose of this article is to analyze several important backgrounds that have made people accept and grow despotism, and have been manifested in proverbs .It is concluded that despotism has cultural backgrounds rather than being the result of authority exercise and during the history has formed people’s language and thought.

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Contamination of water and soil with heavy metals poses serious risks and threats to human health and the environment, and therefore finding an effective solution to remove these metals is very necessary. In this research, magnetic nanoparticles MnFe₂O₄ @ SiO₂ functionalized with N-phosphonomethyl aminodiacetic acid with core-shell structure were synthesized. These nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, (TGA) thermal gravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and (VSM) vibration sample magnetometer. The performance of this synthetic nanoadsorbent for removing Cr (VI), Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions was evaluated by various parameters such as adsorbent amount, contact time effect on adsorption rate and pH effect. The results show that the adsorption efficiency increases with raising pH (2.5-5) and the best adsorbent performance in the adsorption process of Cr ((VI) and Cu (II) ions at pH 7 was observed. The amount of R in the Freundlich adsorption diagram of copper ion is higher than the Langmuir isotherm. As a result, the adsorption of copper ions on the adsorbent follows the Freundlich adsorption equation. In addition, the amount of R in the Freundlich adsorption diagram for chromium ion is higher than the Langmuir isotherm. Therefore, the absorption of chromium ions on the adsorbent follows the Freundlich adsorption equation. In conclusion, a high n value indicates a favorable and effective absorption in the Freundlich equation. The adsorption data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. In addition, the recyclability and reuse of the adsorbent was investigated. The results show that no significant reduction in adsorbent activity is observed.
 

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Research subjec: Polyethylene surfaces are often modified because of different reasons such as cleaning, etching, change in the performance of the surface, and surficial precipitation. One of the surfaces in the blow molded applications that must be treated in order to be ready for the adhesion of the labels is the surface of the bottle of the hygiene detergents, being the purpose of this research. In this paper, gliding arc plasma device is used at atmospheric pressure with air gas to modify the surface of polyethylene sheets in order to change their structure.
Methods: Various analyzes such as AFM, SEM and XPS tests have been used to investigate the changes in the chemistry and physics of polyethylene surface after plasma modification. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has also been used to identify plasma elements.
Findings: The contact angle between the water droplet and the polyethylene surface reached 46.96 ° after 40 s of treatment, while this contact angle was 66.53 °‌ before plasma treatment. The decrease in the contact angle size of the water droplet and the sample surface indicates the hydrophilicity of the polyethylene surface after plasma modification. The surface free energy of polyethylene was calculated before and after plasma modification using the Owens-Wendt-Rabel Kaelble method. The surface energy of polyethylene has increased from 42.20 mj.m^-2 in the control sample to 60.32 mj.m^-2 in the modified sample. The increase in surface roughness of the modified sample with gliding arc plasma was confirmed by AFM test. The surface roughness of polyethylene in the control sample was 47.18 nm, while the roughness in the modified sample increased to 59.86 nm. The XPS test confirmed the presence of oxygenated and nitrogenous functional groups on the surface of the modified sample. This test also showed the formation of C−C=O and C−O−C bonds on PE surface.
 

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Backgrounds: Helicobacter pylori infections vary in severity and virulence in different populations for various reasons. There are different H. pylori strains with varying degrees of virulence. The genetic diversity of H. pylori strains in gastritis patients in different areas has not been well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence rate and different genotypes of H. pylori strains in clinical specimens of patients with gastritis in Ilam, Iran.
Materials & Methods: Saliva and gastric biopsy samples were collected from 81 patients (55 males and 26 females in the age range of 20 to 90 years) referring to Ilam medical centers. After DNA extraction, the prevalence of H. pylori as well as vacA, cagA, and ureC genes was evaluated using PCR, and then each vacA-positive sample was further evaluated for m1m2 and s1s2 variants.
Findings: The cagA and vacA genes were found in 27 (71%) and 36 (94.7%) H. pylori-positive samples, respectively. The cagA gene was detected in patients with gastric pain (44.4%) and anorexia (18.51%). Also, the results showed that the vacA s2m2 genotype and m2 allele were present in 32.9% of H. pylori isolates. Moreover, s2m2 and s1m2 genotypes were detected in 42.1 and 26.3% of vacA-positive samples, respectively. The lowest frequency was related to the m1 allele (17.18%).
Conclusion: This study results indicate a plausible relationship between the presence of some genotypes of H. pylori and the progression of gastritis, suggesting these markers as promising biomarkers to predict the disease severity.

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This article is aims to semiotic method implement for achieving the pattern or patterns governing the semantic processes of action and tension and the effect of the aesthetic flow on these processes in context of the first chapter of Saudi's Golestan satirical discourse. Therefore, this is the first attempt semiontic processing analysis in satirical discourse in the first chapter of Saudi's Golestan. The meaning of satire is critical humorous utterance which purpose of its formation in language is social reform through aesthetic flow, so it's different from Facetiousness and lampoon. The semiotic method seeks to analyze discourse to perceive the conditions of its production and perception. The semiotist encounters with a meaningful set that takes into account the semantic hypotheses and their interrelationship with each other in the first stage, then he/she searches the forms that correspond to these semantic hypotheses in order to prove these hypotheses. The hypothesis of the present study is that the semantic process in satirical discourse transforms the action system into tension and creates an atmosphere of fluid through the interaction between contractive (emotional, internal) dilative (cognitive, external) which creates a new sense of meaning. Subject perceptive presence and enunciator at higher stages, increase tension between contractive and dilative dimensions which replaces commons expression with different expressions in content. Changing in linguistic expression-content relationship is one of the satire features which change the value by aesthetics theory in this discoursediscourse.
In parallel with examining the semiotic foundations in literary discourse, the main objective of the present study is to achieve the dominant patterns on the semiotic processes of actional and tensive regimes of discourse and to show the effect of aesthetic flow on the so called processes in the first chapter of Sa'di’s Golestan in analyzing satire. Thus, this research is considered the first attempt in this regard. By satire, we mean a critical discourse which aims to alert social issues and is shaped by aesthetic flow in the system of language being different from facetiousness and invective. Semiotic approach seeks to analyze discourse to find the underlying structure of production and perception of signification. Facing a semiotic ensemble, the first step for a theoretician of this realm is to investigate the semiotic hypotheses and their relationships. In order to prove these hypotheses in the next step, he /she pursues the forms which are similar to the latters. In this study, the hypothesis is as follows: Satire discourse changes the actional regime into tensive one and via the interaction of intensive dimension (thymic, internal) and extensive (cognitive, external) dimension leads to the formation of a fluid space through which the creation of new semiotic forms is possible. To form the atmosphere of satire and by adopting the particular point of view, the enunciator of Sa’di’s Golestan examines the relationship between the plan of expression and content in the language and discourse: Due to the sensible presence of the actor, enunciator ignores the preexistent and current signs and replaces his/her desirable signification by orienting the action-based regime of discourse toward the tensive –based model with intensive –extensive function. In this space and due to aesthetic flow, common values meet the challenges and modifications. Furthermore, by discursive conjunction, he/she speaks of long distant persons and places in order to avoid the harsh reaction of enunciate. Most satires in literature obey this rule. An orator was asked: what do you mean by a Muslim? He told that I am an orator and I don’t care about the Muslim (Zakani, 1999: 303). The use of extensive background increases on the one hand the force of manipulation in narrative and pave the way to the surprise and satire for enunciate which is considered the result of intensive dimension on the other hand. In Zakani’s narrative, negative question plays this role. By taking different position in discourse, the relationship among these elements resulted in the formation of new vision to the state of affairs. This viewpoint in tensive zone presents a kind of mythical or poetic cognition which targets the common and current beliefs. These new values do not overlap with the stabilized norms. The critical aspect of satire is crystalized here and shows the objection of enunciate. The enunciate is sensitive to what is unpopular and reveals it in humor in order to correct the behavior of man and society: the text therefore goes from the point of view of social criticism to the targeting of common moral imperatives. 
 

 

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Aims: Appropriate complementary feeding is one of the main ways to prevent malnutrition in infants, which is a serious health problem in developing countries including Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a theory-based educational intervention on timely complementary feeding initiation in primiparous mothers.
Materials & Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 68 primiparous mothers (34 in each intervention and control group) of infants aged 2 to 3 months participated in the study using a Multi-stage random sampling method in Kashan, Iran, 2019. The educational intervention was designed based on the theory of planned behavior. The data collection tool included a demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on the theory of planned behavior. SPSS 22 software was used for data analysis, using Chi-square test, independent and paired t-test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Findings: After the intervention, there were significant increases in the mean scores of knowledge (p=0.004) and attitude (p=0.02) in the intervention group compared to the control group, but the mean scores of intentions to initiate complementary feeding timely, showed no significant differences between the control group and the intervention group. A significant increase was seen in the mean score of perceived behavioral control in the intervention group (p=0.002). Only perceived behavioral control significantly increased the chances of timely initiation of complementary feeding (OR=1.36, p=0.002).
Conclusion: The educational programs based on the theory of planned behavior has small effects on improving timely complementary feeding.

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Aims: Colorectal cancer is a global health problem, but most of these patients are curable through early diagnosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational intervention through a campaign on health anxiety and participation of middle-aged people (ages 50-70 years) in CRC screening based on the Health Belief Model in urban areas.
Materials & Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 390 people in age range 50-70 years in Parsian in 2021. The participants were selected using convenience sampling. Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale and Health Anxiety Questionnaire were used to collect data. The educational intervention was carried out in the form of a campaign through educational video clips and a banner for four weeks. Data analysis was done in SPSS 26 software using descriptive statistics and univariate analysis of covariance.
Findings: There was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the mean scores of the Health Belief Model scale (knowledge, perceived severity, perceived sensitivity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, and action guide) and the health anxiety questionnaire (consequences of disease and probability of disease) after the intervention (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The constructs of the Health Belief Model are good determinants of the action of high-risk individuals to undergo fecal occult blood testing. This highlights the necessity of implementing comprehensive educational programs focusing on the constructs of the Health Belief Model in this population.
 

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Aims: Leishmaniasis is a skin disease spread by mosquitos from infected animals or humans to healthy humans. It can have a negative effect on a patient’s quality of life. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of PRECEDE model-based training of healthcare personnel on the preventive behavior of the disease in covered households in Larestan, Iran.
Materials & Methods: This controlled semi-experimental study was done on the households served by comprehensive rural health centers in Larestan, Iran. First, two comprehensive health centers were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. Eighty covered households were divided into two groups. The intervention group's health workers received training in four face-to-face sessions. Health workers then trained the families who were covered by them. Both groups completed a researcher-made questionnaire before and two months after the intervention. The independent t-test, paired t-test, ANCOVA, and Cohen's D were used to analyze the data by SPSS 20 software at a significance level of less than 0.05.
Findings: The mean scores of predisposing factors, enabling factors, reinforcing factors, and behavior in the intervention group differed significantly from the control group after training, and the effect size of each construct indicated the effectiveness of training.
Conclusion: Training of health workers based on the PRECEDE model plays a significant role in adopting Leishmaniasis prevention behavior in people under their care.

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Abstract:
Aptamers are single-stranded sequences of RNA, DNA, or highly specific proteins that tend to bind to a wide range of target molecules. Aptamers are widely used in various fields, especially medicine and diagnostics, and are similar in their application to antibodies. There are many benefits to using aptamer instead of antibodies, such as low cost, longer life, increased tissue permeability, and more. There are several methods for producing aptamer that in silico methods can shorten and simplify the steps of aptamer production. With aptamer modeling, a set of in silico methods such as modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics can be used to screen for the best aptamer sequence. In this article, a review of the types of aptamers, their structure and design methods in silico is briefly stated.
Keywords: Aptamer, DNA, RNA, Protein, insilico
 
Keywords: Aptamer, DNA, RNA, Protein, insilico

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Objective: Hearing loss is the most frequent neurosensory defect in human. Mutations in GJB2 and GJB6 are responsible for 50% of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) cases. Here we report on the frequencies of GJB2 and GJB6 mutations and three large deletions spanning the GJB6 gene including Del (GJB6-D13S1830), Del (GJB6-D13S1854) and a >920 kb deletion in patients affected by ARNSHL referred to Kawsar's Human Genetics Research Center. Materials and Methods: In this study, 94 patients from 63 families with ARNSHL were investigated. Patient's homozygote for 35delG were screened and left out of the study and the remaining samples were analyzed by sequencing of GJB2 and GJB6 genes. Also the three large deletions spanning the GJB6 gene were analyzed by Real Time PCR Results: In this study we found GJB2 mutations in 13 families (20.6%) out of 63. The 35delG mutation was the most common mutation in the studied population (61.5%). Other GJB2 mutations were delE120, R127H, W24X, and V37I. The heterozygous or negative cases for the GJB2 mutations were screened for mutation in the GJB6 gene by sequencing and no mutation was observed. Also, we checked the three large deletions in GJB6, we found no mutations. Conclusion: Low frequency of mutations in the GJB2 gene implies that other genes may be involved in causing non-syndromic hearing loss in our country.

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Spelling is an essential part of literacy that helps students in all grades learn English successfully. EFL students have not been taught how to write words correctly. Even those few teachers who are instructing spelling based on traditional methods have failed to provide adequate help to their students because they are unaware of the most effective spelling methods and employ outdated spelling theories. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the Look, Say, Cover, Write, Check (LSCWC) method on the English spelling performance of Iranian students. This study included 37 students in the ninth grade, ages 15 to 16, and was conducted at a public boys' school in Tehran, Iran. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-and post-test. The experimental group was trained to spell 120 words throughout 24 sessions using the LSCWC method, while the control group received no treatment. The instruments consisted of pre- and post-spelling tests as well as an attitudinal questionnaire. The Mann-Whitney U test results showed that the participants in the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group on the spelling post-tests. Moreover, according to the results of the attitudinal questionnaire, most respondents were satisfied with the LSCWC method. The LSCWC method needed less one-to-one instruction and increased students' confidence and autonomy when learning new words. The findings of this study will help policymakers, curriculum designers, materials developers, teacher trainers, and language teachers figure out how to assist junior high school students who have trouble with spelling.



 

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A polypyrrole (PPy) coated polyester fiber was provided by chemically-deposition of PPy on the surface of polyester fiber in the electrolyte of FeCl₃ (as an oxidant) and pyrrole as a monomer. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used for characterization of morphology, size and porosity of synthesized polymer. The seed like PPy particles (50-150 nanometers) are observed according to the SEM results. The PPy fiber was employed to extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in sesame samples as an extraction agent. An experimental design was utilized to optimize operational parameters that affect the analysis of VOCs in sesame samples using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) in the pre-concentration step. Some parameters including, extraction time and temperature were optimized. Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was used for separation, detection and quantitation of VOCs. Results show that PPy modified polyester fiber is provided fast and easy by chemical method and is suitable for the successful extraction of the VOCs from sesame samples.

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In this study, microstructure, microhardness and residual stress in the butt jointed friction stir welded aluminum alloy 2024-T351 plates with different tool’s rotational and traverse speed is studied. According to the 2024-T351 aluminum is a heat treatable alloy, Hardness test results showed that increasing rotational speed or decreasing traverse speed of the tool reduced hardness in the weld zone. Then, using standard X-ray diffraction, which is a non-destructive method, residual stress in the welded samples is determined. A thermal model of friction stir welding process is simulated by using finite element method in the ABAQUS software. Comparison of residual stress results that obtained from the numerical solution with experimental measurements show that, the numerical model can predict the residual stress fields in friction stir welding joints reasonably. The results show that, increasing rotational speed, cause to higher residual stress in the weld zone, due to generation the higher thermal gradient and also, The higher tool traverse speed will induce a greater high-stress zone with a higher stress value in the weld, because of, a lower heat input and result in the relatively harder metal in the weld zone, causes a greater resistance to the plastic extrusion.

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Objective: Understanding gene expression variations by using RNA transcript analysis methods during hepatic viral protein interactions with the IFN pathway in hepatic cell lines has recently gained importance. One of the most powerful techniques in gene expression quantification is quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Reference genes used as normalizer in this method may be affected across various experimental conditions or treatments. Hence, in the present study, the influence of IFN-a treatment on the mRNA levels of common reference genes including ACTB, GAPDH, TBP, HPRT1 and HMBS was evaluated in Huh-7 or HepG2 cell lines. Methods: Cells were treated with different concentrations of IFN-a. Then, using geNorm and NormFinder programs, we evaluated the expression stabilities of the above prominent reference genes in three sample groups that included each hepatic cell line and the total data sets. Results: HPRT-1 and GAPDH were the most stable reference genes in the Huh-7 cell line, whereas ATCB, HMBS and GAPDH were the most stable in the HepG2 cell line. TBP was one of the least stable reference genes in the three studied groups. Conclusion: This investigation will provide appropriate reference genes for standardization of quantitative real-time PCR data in an IFN-a stimulated model of hepatocyte cell lines.

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In this study, spray behavior of bio-ethanol as a regenerative fuel that reduces emissions such as NOX and CO is investigated in a combustion chamber and compared to its different blends with gasoline. For this purpose, microscopic and macroscopic spray characteristics and also evaporated fuel mass after the injection are modeled and investigated using Fire 2013. It is concluded by increasing bio-ethanol content in the fuel, evaporated fuel mass, spray cone angle, spray area and sauter mean diameter increases, however spray tip penetration remains roughly constant. Increase of injection pressure, decreases spray cone angle and suater mean diameter and increases evaporated fuel mass, spray area and spray tip penetration. If the energy content and time of injection of bio-ethanol and gasoline be equivalent the results vary significantly compared to previous cases. In this case bio-ethanol has a longer spray tip penetration and spray area, higher fuel mass evaporated and smaller spray cone angle and sauter mean diameter compared to gasoline. The increased spray tip penetration and spray area in this case may lead to piston impingement and bore wetting resulting increased hydrocarbon emissions and decreasing engine efficiency.

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Friction stir welded butt joints were performed on sheets made of AA2024-T351 aluminum alloy at tool rotational speeds of 400, 630, 800 rpm and traverse speeds of 8, 16, 25 mm/min. The fatigue crack propagation rate was investigated according to standard ASTM-E647 in CT specimens. FE simulation of FSW process was implemented for different welding conditions and next the fatigue crack propagation was simulated using XFEM method. In this analysis, to assess the damage in the joints, maximum stress criterion is used. The maximum principal stress in element was the fracture criterion. Numerical results are in good agreement with the experiments so the simulation is reliable. The obtained results show that the tool rotational and traverse speed affect the fatigues crack growth rate. For all welded specimens crack propagation rate was slower than that of the base metal for low values of ∆K (∆K≤13 Mpa) but is much faster at high values of ∆K. Furthermore fatigue properties of specimens that welded with lower speeds are better than base metal and increase in rotational or traverse speeds of the tool will increase the crack propagation rate of the welded specimens.

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One of the main challenges facing the Agriculture Bank of Iran regarding lending loans is the high probability of default by farmers. Several factors could be involved in this issue and should be considered in order to control and reduce the risk in the failure of repayment. This study aimed to examine the factors affecting the repayment performance of agricultural loans in the city of Maragheh in East Azarbaijan Province of Iran. Required data were obtained from a sample of 779 individual farmers who had previously received loans from Agricultural Bank during the period 2004-2008. Nested Logit Model (NLM) was applied for analyzing the data and, for this purpose, STATA software was used in the study. Results revealed that having an activity besides farming, extension of the repayment period of the loan, and large volume of received loans are the factors that had significant negative impacts on loan repayment. On the other hand, factors including high interest rates of loans, having collateral of guarantor, services received from the banks, and long term maturity period for the loans increase the probability of timely loan repayment significantly.