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Pre-service teacher education programs play a pivotal role in the formation and evolution of teachers' identities, wherein both formal and hidden curriculums exert significant influences (Beauchamp and Thomas, 2009). This qualitative study delves into the development of Language Teacher Identities (LTIs) among student teachers at Farhangian University, with a particular focus on the reformed curriculum.A qualitative research method was used. A total of 27 female student teachers shared their experiences through individual and focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing the interviews. The findings revealed mismatches between the student teachers’ envisioned identities and the curriculum’s expected identity, leading to feelings of cognitive unpreparedness. The study also highlighted the significant roles of both formal and hidden curriculums in shaping teacher identity, with both positive and negative changes observed in cognitive, social, and emotional aspects. The implications drawn from the study’s findings provide insights into curriculum design and teacher education programs, offering guidance on how to effectively support the construction of teacher identity and raise student teachers’ awareness of this transformative process.

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Abstract Since proverbs are based on the life experiences of ethnics, by studying them the social, cultural and political structure of each ethnic can be reintroduced. The political structure of Iran until constitutionalism is known by despotism, in which the king was on top of the power and people were his slaves. Despotic power, popularity of deterministic ideas lack of intellectuality and philosophy in society, allegiance, and lack of individualism are examples that during the history have formed proverbs and words that has fainted the base of any kind of intellectuality, social movement, and progress. proverbs as a representative of human thought and the most important role model for common people’s life has formed a considerable portion of Iranian’s language and culture. Then it will be very helpful in studying and analyzing Iranian’s culture. The purpose of this article is to analyze several important backgrounds that have made people accept and grow despotism, and have been manifested in proverbs .It is concluded that despotism has cultural backgrounds rather than being the result of authority exercise and during the history has formed people’s language and thought.

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Aims: Appropriate complementary feeding is one of the main ways to prevent malnutrition in infants, which is a serious health problem in developing countries including Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a theory-based educational intervention on timely complementary feeding initiation in primiparous mothers.
Materials & Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 68 primiparous mothers (34 in each intervention and control group) of infants aged 2 to 3 months participated in the study using a Multi-stage random sampling method in Kashan, Iran, 2019. The educational intervention was designed based on the theory of planned behavior. The data collection tool included a demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on the theory of planned behavior. SPSS 22 software was used for data analysis, using Chi-square test, independent and paired t-test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Findings: After the intervention, there were significant increases in the mean scores of knowledge (p=0.004) and attitude (p=0.02) in the intervention group compared to the control group, but the mean scores of intentions to initiate complementary feeding timely, showed no significant differences between the control group and the intervention group. A significant increase was seen in the mean score of perceived behavioral control in the intervention group (p=0.002). Only perceived behavioral control significantly increased the chances of timely initiation of complementary feeding (OR=1.36, p=0.002).
Conclusion: The educational programs based on the theory of planned behavior has small effects on improving timely complementary feeding.

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Aims: Colorectal cancer is a global health problem, but most of these patients are curable through early diagnosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational intervention through a campaign on health anxiety and participation of middle-aged people (ages 50-70 years) in CRC screening based on the Health Belief Model in urban areas.
Materials & Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 390 people in age range 50-70 years in Parsian in 2021. The participants were selected using convenience sampling. Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale and Health Anxiety Questionnaire were used to collect data. The educational intervention was carried out in the form of a campaign through educational video clips and a banner for four weeks. Data analysis was done in SPSS 26 software using descriptive statistics and univariate analysis of covariance.
Findings: There was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the mean scores of the Health Belief Model scale (knowledge, perceived severity, perceived sensitivity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, and action guide) and the health anxiety questionnaire (consequences of disease and probability of disease) after the intervention (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The constructs of the Health Belief Model are good determinants of the action of high-risk individuals to undergo fecal occult blood testing. This highlights the necessity of implementing comprehensive educational programs focusing on the constructs of the Health Belief Model in this population.
 

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Aims: Leishmaniasis is a skin disease spread by mosquitos from infected animals or humans to healthy humans. It can have a negative effect on a patient’s quality of life. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of PRECEDE model-based training of healthcare personnel on the preventive behavior of the disease in covered households in Larestan, Iran.
Materials & Methods: This controlled semi-experimental study was done on the households served by comprehensive rural health centers in Larestan, Iran. First, two comprehensive health centers were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. Eighty covered households were divided into two groups. The intervention group's health workers received training in four face-to-face sessions. Health workers then trained the families who were covered by them. Both groups completed a researcher-made questionnaire before and two months after the intervention. The independent t-test, paired t-test, ANCOVA, and Cohen's D were used to analyze the data by SPSS 20 software at a significance level of less than 0.05.
Findings: The mean scores of predisposing factors, enabling factors, reinforcing factors, and behavior in the intervention group differed significantly from the control group after training, and the effect size of each construct indicated the effectiveness of training.
Conclusion: Training of health workers based on the PRECEDE model plays a significant role in adopting Leishmaniasis prevention behavior in people under their care.

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Abstract:
Aptamers are single-stranded sequences of RNA, DNA, or highly specific proteins that tend to bind to a wide range of target molecules. Aptamers are widely used in various fields, especially medicine and diagnostics, and are similar in their application to antibodies. There are many benefits to using aptamer instead of antibodies, such as low cost, longer life, increased tissue permeability, and more. There are several methods for producing aptamer that in silico methods can shorten and simplify the steps of aptamer production. With aptamer modeling, a set of in silico methods such as modeling, docking, and molecular dynamics can be used to screen for the best aptamer sequence. In this article, a review of the types of aptamers, their structure and design methods in silico is briefly stated.
Keywords: Aptamer, DNA, RNA, Protein, insilico
 
Keywords: Aptamer, DNA, RNA, Protein, insilico

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Objective: Hearing loss is the most frequent neurosensory defect in human. Mutations in GJB2 and GJB6 are responsible for 50% of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) cases. Here we report on the frequencies of GJB2 and GJB6 mutations and three large deletions spanning the GJB6 gene including Del (GJB6-D13S1830), Del (GJB6-D13S1854) and a >920 kb deletion in patients affected by ARNSHL referred to Kawsar's Human Genetics Research Center. Materials and Methods: In this study, 94 patients from 63 families with ARNSHL were investigated. Patient's homozygote for 35delG were screened and left out of the study and the remaining samples were analyzed by sequencing of GJB2 and GJB6 genes. Also the three large deletions spanning the GJB6 gene were analyzed by Real Time PCR Results: In this study we found GJB2 mutations in 13 families (20.6%) out of 63. The 35delG mutation was the most common mutation in the studied population (61.5%). Other GJB2 mutations were delE120, R127H, W24X, and V37I. The heterozygous or negative cases for the GJB2 mutations were screened for mutation in the GJB6 gene by sequencing and no mutation was observed. Also, we checked the three large deletions in GJB6, we found no mutations. Conclusion: Low frequency of mutations in the GJB2 gene implies that other genes may be involved in causing non-syndromic hearing loss in our country.

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Spelling is an essential part of literacy that helps students in all grades learn English successfully. EFL students have not been taught how to write words correctly. Even those few teachers who are instructing spelling based on traditional methods have failed to provide adequate help to their students because they are unaware of the most effective spelling methods and employ outdated spelling theories. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the Look, Say, Cover, Write, Check (LSCWC) method on the English spelling performance of Iranian students. This study included 37 students in the ninth grade, ages 15 to 16, and was conducted at a public boys' school in Tehran, Iran. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-and post-test. The experimental group was trained to spell 120 words throughout 24 sessions using the LSCWC method, while the control group received no treatment. The instruments consisted of pre- and post-spelling tests as well as an attitudinal questionnaire. The Mann-Whitney U test results showed that the participants in the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group on the spelling post-tests. Moreover, according to the results of the attitudinal questionnaire, most respondents were satisfied with the LSCWC method. The LSCWC method needed less one-to-one instruction and increased students' confidence and autonomy when learning new words. The findings of this study will help policymakers, curriculum designers, materials developers, teacher trainers, and language teachers figure out how to assist junior high school students who have trouble with spelling.



 

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In this study, microstructure, microhardness and residual stress in the butt jointed friction stir welded aluminum alloy 2024-T351 plates with different tool’s rotational and traverse speed is studied. According to the 2024-T351 aluminum is a heat treatable alloy, Hardness test results showed that increasing rotational speed or decreasing traverse speed of the tool reduced hardness in the weld zone. Then, using standard X-ray diffraction, which is a non-destructive method, residual stress in the welded samples is determined. A thermal model of friction stir welding process is simulated by using finite element method in the ABAQUS software. Comparison of residual stress results that obtained from the numerical solution with experimental measurements show that, the numerical model can predict the residual stress fields in friction stir welding joints reasonably. The results show that, increasing rotational speed, cause to higher residual stress in the weld zone, due to generation the higher thermal gradient and also, The higher tool traverse speed will induce a greater high-stress zone with a higher stress value in the weld, because of, a lower heat input and result in the relatively harder metal in the weld zone, causes a greater resistance to the plastic extrusion.

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Objective: Understanding gene expression variations by using RNA transcript analysis methods during hepatic viral protein interactions with the IFN pathway in hepatic cell lines has recently gained importance. One of the most powerful techniques in gene expression quantification is quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Reference genes used as normalizer in this method may be affected across various experimental conditions or treatments. Hence, in the present study, the influence of IFN-a treatment on the mRNA levels of common reference genes including ACTB, GAPDH, TBP, HPRT1 and HMBS was evaluated in Huh-7 or HepG2 cell lines. Methods: Cells were treated with different concentrations of IFN-a. Then, using geNorm and NormFinder programs, we evaluated the expression stabilities of the above prominent reference genes in three sample groups that included each hepatic cell line and the total data sets. Results: HPRT-1 and GAPDH were the most stable reference genes in the Huh-7 cell line, whereas ATCB, HMBS and GAPDH were the most stable in the HepG2 cell line. TBP was one of the least stable reference genes in the three studied groups. Conclusion: This investigation will provide appropriate reference genes for standardization of quantitative real-time PCR data in an IFN-a stimulated model of hepatocyte cell lines.

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In this study, spray behavior of bio-ethanol as a regenerative fuel that reduces emissions such as NOX and CO is investigated in a combustion chamber and compared to its different blends with gasoline. For this purpose, microscopic and macroscopic spray characteristics and also evaporated fuel mass after the injection are modeled and investigated using Fire 2013. It is concluded by increasing bio-ethanol content in the fuel, evaporated fuel mass, spray cone angle, spray area and sauter mean diameter increases, however spray tip penetration remains roughly constant. Increase of injection pressure, decreases spray cone angle and suater mean diameter and increases evaporated fuel mass, spray area and spray tip penetration. If the energy content and time of injection of bio-ethanol and gasoline be equivalent the results vary significantly compared to previous cases. In this case bio-ethanol has a longer spray tip penetration and spray area, higher fuel mass evaporated and smaller spray cone angle and sauter mean diameter compared to gasoline. The increased spray tip penetration and spray area in this case may lead to piston impingement and bore wetting resulting increased hydrocarbon emissions and decreasing engine efficiency.

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Friction stir welded butt joints were performed on sheets made of AA2024-T351 aluminum alloy at tool rotational speeds of 400, 630, 800 rpm and traverse speeds of 8, 16, 25 mm/min. The fatigue crack propagation rate was investigated according to standard ASTM-E647 in CT specimens. FE simulation of FSW process was implemented for different welding conditions and next the fatigue crack propagation was simulated using XFEM method. In this analysis, to assess the damage in the joints, maximum stress criterion is used. The maximum principal stress in element was the fracture criterion. Numerical results are in good agreement with the experiments so the simulation is reliable. The obtained results show that the tool rotational and traverse speed affect the fatigues crack growth rate. For all welded specimens crack propagation rate was slower than that of the base metal for low values of ∆K (∆K≤13 Mpa) but is much faster at high values of ∆K. Furthermore fatigue properties of specimens that welded with lower speeds are better than base metal and increase in rotational or traverse speeds of the tool will increase the crack propagation rate of the welded specimens.

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There are an increasing number of studies about elderly people’s health. The reason for this increase is attributed to the increased numbers of elderly people in developed countries, therapeutic budget used for health of this population, and the human tendency to extend life and quality. Different reasons and theories have been proposed for the aging process. One of the main, mostly accepted theories is the oxidative stress theory. According to this theory, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species increase with increasing age. This increase causes damage to cells and tissues, and subsequently leads to the emergence of age-related diseases and eventually death. One of the ways to prevention aging and age-related diseases is physical activity. Appropriate physical activity in terms of the type, intensity, and duration can slow the aging process and reduce related disease. Although, exercise itself is a multiplicative factor of reactive oxygen species, the intensity and type of activity is important. Physicians suggest aerobic exercise as the best exercise for the elderly. However, recently, resistance exercise has also attracted the attention of many health professionals. It seems that resistance training and moderate aerobic exercises are of greater benefit for elderly people. In this study, we review different physical activities, their effects, and provide conclusions.

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Research in management involves many people and needs great fund resources. Research impact assessment models can help to ensure positive impacts of their investments and researches. This research intends to identify, compare, and classify extant research impact assessment patterns and finally present a pattern for investigating the impact of researches in management. 20 assessment patterns for research impacts were identified using literature review and 10 subject-related patterns were compared for aspects of indexes, type of the work, elements, tools, time and assessment level. The elements of the model were deciphered from the literature and were prioritized through interviews, distribution of questionnaire, and analytical hierarchy process regarding criteria of “significance level”, “accessibility”, and “measurability”. Indices of each element were selected and presented based on weighted mean of opinions. This research used qualitative and quantitative methods and it is decision-oriented in its purpose which makes it a practical research. For data analysis, Chang's extended analysis method was employed. According to results of interviews and by extending suitable models, the “Assessment Pattern for the Impacts of Management Researches” has been presented based on a systemic outlook. The intended pattern has 36 indices which according to the final weight are classified under 6 elements as follow: academic and scientific outputs (0.237), organizational consequences (0.219), educational outputs (0.198), financial and economic consequences (0.126), ordinary or technological application (0.111), and branding or symbolic impacts (0.081).