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In order to the investigation on the effects of methyl jasmonate on the secondary metabolites of Calendula officinalis L., the plants were grown in a modified Hogland (1/2) solution and were treated with 50 and 100 µm methyl jasmonate. The results indicated that jasmonate treatment decreased lignin content of root but increased lignin content of shoots, in comparison with those of the control plants. However, total content of wall-bound phenolics of roots increased and those of shoots decreased by jasmonate treatment. Anthocyanin content of shoot, decreased by methyl jasmonate. Likewise, flavonoid contents of shoots in both treatments were lower than those of the control plants. Lipid peroxidation rate of roots and shoots did not show significant changes in jasmonate treatments, compared to the control plants. In both control and jasmonate treated plants, α- Cadinol was the most abundant essential oils component. Induction of α-Muureloene with specific antifungal properties in the jasmonate treated plants and increase of it along with increase of jasmonate concentration, suggested that jasmonate can be used in order to induce modifications in secondary metabolism pathway of Calendula officinalis, resulting to produce desired medicinal compounds.

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Objective: The environmental exposure to Magnetic Fields (MFs) may interact with biological systems. MFs are generated from various sources such as power lines, electric appliances at homes and offices, electrified transportation systems including urban railway systems and diagnostic devices such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). There are some scientific evidences that imply the exposure to MFs are hazardous to our health and increases the rate of some cancers like leukemia. The biological consequences of exposure to MFs have been investigated from a variety of endpoints. However, most studies have been performed in vitro and have examined effects on cellular processes and its malfunction; such studies can be used as evidence of effects in vivo. Materials and Methods: In this study Bone Marrow Stem Cells were grown in the absence and in the presence of a 15 mT Static Magnetic Field for 5 hours in order to determine any changes in cell cycle progression using the count of cells in different phases. The count of cells in a special phase of cell cycle indicates the length of that phase. The Static Magnetic Field was performed using a locally designed MF generator. Results: A significant increase in the number of cells in G0/G1 was observed in comparison with the controls. Also the number of cells in G0/G1 in the cells treated with Hydrogen-Peroxide, as an oxidative agent, was significantly increased in Static MF. Conclusion: Genetic material damages or mal-function of related proteins may cause these halts. Mfs have not enough energy to affect the biological molecules directly but the mechanism of free radical mediators is probable. These kinds of damages (direct or indirect) can permanently bring the cell cycle to a halt.

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Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development. In the present study, the changes in lipid peroxidation rate and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined at different concentrations of PolyEthylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 (0, 5, 10, and 15% (w/v)) for two canola cultivars (SLM046 and Hyola 308). In order to produce water deficit, 12 days old canola seedlings were treated with PEG 6,000 in half strength Hoagland solution for 24 hours. PEG treatments increased the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, in roots and shoots of both cultivars; but for Hyola 308 cultivar, the rate of increase of MDA was higher than SLM046 cultivar. In addition, drought did not have any significant effect on MDA content in roots of SLM046 cultivar. On the other hand, water stress increased Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) antioxidant enzyme activities of both shoots and roots of the studied cultivars; but activity of these antioxidants in SLM046 cultivar was obviously higher than in Hyola 308 cultivar. These results showed a higher water stress tolerance for SLM046 cultivar.

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The sound level inside the automobile cabin plays a major role on passengers’ comfort. The sound field inside the vehicle cabin depends on acoustical and structural characteristics and also interaction of acoustical and structural domains. In this paper, a coupled acoustic structural modal and harmonic analysis of simple automobile is performed with the methods of direct coupling (with finite element tool) and modal coupling. So with comparison of results from these two methods, the accuracy of modal coupling method is investigated. Also the optimal MIMO controller is designed to reduce sound level at occupants’ ear positions. The results of coupled and uncoupled modal analysis show that the contribution of uncoupled acoustical and structural modes on coupled response could be estimated and used to understand booming phenomena. Also the presented state space model, which is constructed based on uncoupled modes, shows a good accuracy and reduces computational costs significantly. The results of time and frequency response of sound pressure level at occupants’ ear positions show that the designed controller is attained to attenuate sound field at desired frequency range and the area of quiet zone inside the cabin consists of all occupants’ hearing positions and therefore controller acts globally successful in desired frequency range.