---

The use of pozzolans is very necessary and inseparable for the sustainable development and better performance of the concrete industry. In the production of concrete, the combination of iron powder, fly ash, metakaolin and limestone powder under the name of fracking is used as materials and substitutes for cement in different percentages. The compressive strength of this concrete is higher than normal concrete. This type of concrete is a very new concrete that few tests have been done on it in the world, so there is not lot of information available about it. According to the studies, the most important features of this concrete are the use of iron waste, reduction of air and environmental pollution, cost savings and higher compressive strength than ordinary concrete. In this research, in order to protect the environment and reduce environmental pollution, fracking has been used as a relative substitute for cement. After obtaining the appropriate proportions, the frac mixture with percentages of 0, 3, 6, and 9 was considered as a substitute for cement. There were 8 tests in this research, 4 tests of the first category were carried out with the mentioned percentages of frac and 0% of steel fibers, but in the 4 tests of the second category, the volume of 1% of steel fibers was considered in the mixture. In this research, a total of 16 concrete samples were made, of which 8 of the first batch were used for pre-heating tests and 8 of the second batch were used to collect the results and performance of the concrete after heating. took After making the concrete samples and performing the necessary processes, the concrete samples were molded and placed on the vibrating table in order to make them denser and prevent voids in the concrete. After vibrating for a sufficient time, the samples were placed in the open space for 24 hours and then placed in the water basin for the processing process. A group of samples was taken out of the pond after 7 days to perform compressive and tensile strength tests (at the age of 7 days, due to the freshness of the concrete, exposure to high heat was not done) . After 28 days, the second batch was removed from the water and prepared for testing. The tests performed on these samples include compressive strength before and after heating, bending strength before and after heating, ultrasonic before and after heating, and water absorption before and after high heat. To test the performance of the samples after heating, the samples were placed in the furnace at a temperature of 450 degrees Celsius for 60 minutes (one hour) and after one hour, the samples were removed from the furnace and The samples were cooled at a temperature of 24 degrees Celsius. After the cooling of the samples, the tests were conducted on the samples, and the results indicated that the increase in the amount of frac leads to a 16% increase in the compressive strength before heating and improving its mechanical properties compared to ordinary concrete.

---

Innovation network is one considerable approach for innovation development in countries. This approach is applicable in high-tech development. Identifying noticeable aspects in innovation development can help planning and policy making for industries. Important factors of innovation network development in information technology sector obtained reviewing the literature. The research goal is to assess current situation of these factors and their indicators and compare them with each other. Therefore, after gaining experts opinion, a survey has been conducted in seven states of Iran about information technology corporations. The dimensions consist of corporation enablers, embeddedness, adjutant environment, self-organization, learning, interaction quality, innovation and network effectiveness. Obtained results of these dimensions have been analyzed. Based on the results, current situation of each dimension has been determined which can be used in poly-making processes.  Results highlighted that there is significant differences between the situations of these dimensions.    

---

Optical properties of graphene oxide and poly methyl methacrylate nanocomposite was investigated in this paper. Initially, graphene oxide was prepared from the oxidation of graphite powder by a strong acid by Hummers-Offemane method. Then identification, purity determination and particle size were obtained by using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The average size of graphene oxide nano particles was estimated about 38.4 nm using the XRD technique. So nano composites of graphene oxide based on poly methyl methacrylate were prepared by the co-precipitation method as an optical sensor element. Nano  composites were identified and characterized by FE SEM, EDX, XRD and FT IR analyzes. To investigate the optical properties of the specimens, UV-vis spectro photometry and reflective spectrometer were used. For three samples of the poly methyl methacrylate nano composite containing nano -graphene oxide, the values ​​of the color parameters b *, a * and L * were obtained that were prepared in the same conditions. Then the black index of the Westlanchr('39')s ratio was calculated. The average blackness index calculated was 3.7 for this nano composite. The study of UV-vis spectra in the region of 400-1100 nm for this nano composite showed that in the 400 - 700 nm regions the light transmission of UV light is approximately zero. Therefore, the results showed that the use of graphene oxide in the PMMA matrix improves the nano composite coating properties against UV waves and nano oxide graphene gives better shades of black color compared to other fillers and pigments.

---

Research subject: Expandable Poly Styrene (EPS) has many applications. This polymer prepared by the radical polymerization. This material has many uses in packaging and insulation industries Some of the properties of this polymer like low mechanical strength caused its applications to be limited. By adding some materials, these properties can be improved. Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) is from the materials that which by adding it to the EPS it can improve its quality.
Research approach: In this research, EPS having different percentages of SBS (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) in different conversion percentages (0.6, 0.63, 0.66, 0.69) has been prepared. Different tests like Impact Test, Modular Melt Flow test, Vicat Softening Temperature test, Tensile at Break test, K-value test, Rochwell Hardness test and Elongation at Break test are done on the prepared polymer. Laboratory gained data has been simulated by Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) method of artificial neural networks (ANN) and the simulated data covers the laboratory data perfectly.
Main Results: Investigating the tests show that in constant percentages of SBS in EPS with increase in conversion percentage of EPS, the numerical amount of the tests increases except MFI test (low MFI number means better quality). Increase in SBS percentage in the EPS, increases the properties of polymer. In addition, the results of simulation show that the laboratory data covers the the simulated data perfectly. The data obtained from the results of this reasearch can be used for predicting the data for the points which has not been tested. Adding SBS in different weight percentages of poly styrene in different conversion percentages in order to increase the properties of poly styrene has been used for the first time in this research and the laboratory data results in points which has not been tested has been acquired by applications of ANN.

---

Cities play a strategic role in contemporary political-economic space. Despite of global process-based distribution of political and theoretical status of neo-liberalism, it’s geographical and spatial space transformations have never been experienced at determined methods. This paper indicates the question of neoliberal city form. Question in which relies on “actually existing neo-liberalism” as a key character of “neo-liberal restructuring project”. It refers to ways in which different local contexts are embedded within wider dominant global structural grid of neo-liberal discursive command centers. It implies another key attribute, the “path dependent neo-liberalism”, the neo-liberal project defined on contextually embedded bases, elaborately rearranges, replaces and redefines the structures of existing institutional layout and subsequently transforms the shape of the city in two critical moment of neoliberal restructuring project: the “moment of destruction” and the “moment of creation”. Three different layers of neo-liberal process in cities has distinguished by synthesizing two theoretically different but dialectically intertwined methodological foundations: functional layer, structural layer, “common sense revolution” layer. This synthesized theoretical frame work has conceptualized the contemporary neo-liberal city form transformation by emphasizing on distinction between two different mechanisms of neo-liberal project, the glocalization and urbanization stages. In the last part, explanation of an analytic model of neo-liberal city transformation has been emerged from discussed issues. The columns of this table-formatted model, consists of the layers of neo-liberal process and the rows Includes integrated dimensions of city form. This model provides primitive analytic criteria for understanding the overall layers of neo-liberalization process in specific urban contexts. Cities play a strategic role in contemporary political-economic space. Despite of global process-based distribution of political and theoretical status of neo-liberalism, it’s geographical and spatial space transformations have never been experienced at determined methods. This paper indicates the question of neoliberal city form. Question in which relies on “actually existing neo-liberalism” as a key character of “neo-liberal restructuring project”. It refers to ways in which different local contexts are embedded within wider dominant global structural grid of neo-liberal discursive command centers. It implies another key attribute, the “path dependent neo-liberalism”, the neo-liberal project defined on contextually embedded bases, elaborately rearranges, replaces and redefines the structures of existing institutional layout and subsequently transforms the shape of the city in two critical moment of neoliberal restructuring project: the “moment of destruction” and the “moment of creation”. Three different layers of neo-liberal process in cities has distinguished by synthesizing two theoretically different but dialectically intertwined methodological foundations: functional layer, structural layer, “common sense revolution” layer. This synthesized theoretical frame work has conceptualized the contemporary neo-liberal city form transformation by emphasizing on distinction between two different mechanisms of neo-liberal project, the glocalization and urbanization stages. In the last part, explanation of an analytic model of neo-liberal city transformation has been emerged from discussed issues. The columns of this table-formatted model, consists of the layers of neo-liberal process and the rows Includes integrated dimensions of city form. This model provides primitive analytic criteria for understanding the overall layers of neo-liberalization process in specific urban contexts. Cities play a strategic role in contemporary political-economic space. Despite of global process-based distribution of political and theoretical status of neo-liberalism, it’s geographical and spatial space transformations have never been experienced at determined methods. This paper indicates the question of neoliberal city form. Question in which relies on “actually existing neo-liberalism” as a key character of “neo-liberal restructuring project”. It refers to ways in which different local contexts are embedded within wider dominant global structural grid of neo-liberal discursive command centers. It implies another key attribute, the “path dependent neo-liberalism”, the neo-liberal project defined on contextually embedded bases, elaborately rearranges, replaces and redefines the structures of existing institutional layout and subsequently transforms the shape of the city in two critical moment of neoliberal restructuring project: the “moment of destruction” and the “moment of creation”. Three different layers of neo-liberal process in cities has distinguished by synthesizing two theoretically different but dialectically intertwined methodological foundations: functional layer, structural layer, “common sense revolution” layer. This synthesized theoretical frame work has conceptualized the contemporary neo-liberal city form transformation by emphasizing on distinction between two different mechanisms of neo-liberal project, the glocalization and urbanization stages. In the last part, explanation of an analytic model of neo-liberal city transformation has been emerged from discussed issues. The columns of this table-formatted model, consists of the layers of neo-liberal process and the rows Includes integrated dimensions of city form. This model provides primitive analytic criteria for understanding the overall layers of neo-liberalization process in specific urban contexts. Cities play a strategic role in contemporary political-economic space. Despite of global process-based distribution of political and theoretical status of neo-liberalism, it’s geographical and spatial space transformations have never been experienced at determined methods. This paper indicates the question of neoliberal city form. Question in which relies on “actually existing neo-liberalism” as a key character of “neo-liberal restructuring project”. It refers to ways in which different local contexts are embedded within wider dominant global structural grid of neo-liberal discursive command centers. It implies another key attribute, the “path dependent neo-liberalism”, the neo-liberal project defined on contextually embedded bases, elaborately rearranges, replaces and redefines the structures of existing institutional layout and subsequently transforms the shape of the city in two critical moment of neoliberal restructuring project: the “moment of destruction” and the “moment of creation”. Three different layers of neo-liberal process in cities has distinguished by synthesizing two theoretically different but dialectically intertwined methodological foundations: functional layer, structural layer, “common sense revolution” layer. This synthesized theoretical frame work has conceptualized the contemporary neo-liberal city form transformation by emphasizing on distinction between two different mechanisms of neo-liberal project, the glocalization and urbanization stages. In the last part, explanation of an analytic model of neo-liberal city transformation has been emerged from discussed issues. The columns of this table-formatted model, consists of the layers of neo-liberal process and the rows Includes integrated dimensions of city form. This model provides primitive analytic criteria for understanding the overall layers of neo-liberalization process in specific urban contexts.

---

Backgrounds: Plasmodium vivax is one of the leading causes of malaria as a severe and death disease. Malaria has always been a major challenge for human health. The study of the genetic diversity of genes in malaria-causing agents has always been a concern for researchers. One of these genes is SERA, which plays a key role in parasite escape from the immune system.
Materials & Methods: DNA was extracted from 40 blood samples taken from symptomatic malaria patients infected with P. vivax in southern and southwestern Iran using a DNA extraction kit. Then PCR was performed with specific primers, and the data were analyzed by sequencing and recording genes.
Findings: In this study, 14 different isolates were identified among all samples, which were recorded in the World Gene Bank. The number of haplotypes among the 14 samples was 12. Also, there were 25 polymorphic nucleotide positions out of about 400 nucleotide sites. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations (1.87094) and the amount of Tajima’s D (-0.57671) indicated the positive effect of natural selection on the genetic diversity of C-terminal region in the SERA5 gene.
Conclusions: Considering the safety and relative immunogenicity of vaccines, in addition to performing clinical trials, a regional vaccine should be developed to overcome genetic variation and antigenic changes in proteins.
 

---

---

Background: Gastroenteritis is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with a high prevalence in children. Among pathogenic microorganisms, viruses are one of the main causes of this disease. Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate the prevalence of diarrhea caused by human adenovirus (HAdV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in children with hematological diseases for the first time in Iran.
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 120 stool samples stored in the clinical sample bank of the Cellular and Molecular Research Center of Qom University of Medical Sciences. These samples were obtained from immunocompromised children with gastrointestinal symptoms, who referred to one of the children's hospitals in Qom during 2018 to 2019. Genomes were extracted from the stool samples and evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
Findings: The prevalence of HAdV and EBV was reported in seven (5.8%) and one (0.8%) cases, respectively, and CMV was detected in none of the samples. No cases of co-infection were observed.
Conclusion: This study results show that there are diarrhea-causing viruses among patients in the study area. Fortunately, the prevalence of these infectious agents in patients with underlying conditions was relatively low. However, monitoring of these viruses in the feces of all patients, especially immunocompromised patients, is recommended.
 

---

---

The biopharmaceutical industry in Iran is developing in parallel with the global trend. Given the risks and costs of research, development, production, and sales of these drugs, firms have moved toward open innovation models across different value chains in the last decade. However, the limited use of technological cooperation methods by the Iranian firms will trap the industry in genericization soon. Accordingly, the development of an open innovation system in the value chain of the Iranian biopharmaceutical industry provides the possibility of continuous development of the industry. In the present study, first, the technological capabilities of the firms in the Iranian biopharmaceutical industry were evaluated, and then some cases of technological cooperation in the industry were studied deeply. Accordingly, considering the "strategic" level of technological capability of firms and also the lessons learned from the multicase study of the experiences of the Iranian pharmaceutical firms, strategies including the completion of the value chain links, the use of export development tools, the supporting of the commercialization in universities and research institutes, the facilitation of technology integration and acquisition and finally the development of smart public financial support to develop are proposed for the development of open innovation system in the Iranian biopharmaceutical industry.
 

---

In recent years, the concept of innovation ecosystems has become commonplace for understanding the process of creating shared value. On the other hand, due to the importance of radical innovations in creating a unique defense capability and evolving of these innovations in a network of different actors, the need for an ecosystem view is felt more. In this research, with a qualitative approach and in the form of a multi grounded theory strategy, using latent content analysis tactics and semi structured interviews, a framework for radical innovators in the Iranian defense sector has been introduced. The interviewees were selected from senior managers in the field of defense innovation by snowball sampling method and the researcher saturated the data after 28 interviews. Findings showed that the components of radical innovations ecosystem include actors, capital, infrastructure, regulations, knowledge, ideas, commonalities and communication channels, culture, and structural principles.
 

---

---

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the extracted (ES) and mechanical (MS) soybean meals two levels 25% and 35% in broiler chicken feeding. Three hundred and fifty two one-day-old unsexed Lohman chickens were placed in four treatments by 4 replicates and 22 chickens in each in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Feed intake was increased significantly in starter period by ES in comparison with MS. Feed conversion ratio was significantly improved when 25% of ES was replaced by fish meal compared with 35% of ES in starter period. Body weight was significantly higher by 25% ES replaced by fish meal in comparison with 25 and 35% MS in grower period. Metabolizable energy was declined in all options (AME, AMEn, TME and TMEn) in MS than ES. Significant depressing in jejunum length was observed by 35% in the two types of soybean meal compared with 25% mechanical soybean meal replaced by fish meal in 14 days. In more details, villous length was lower by mechanical soybean meal in comparison with ES. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity was significantly higher in 35% ES in comparison with 25% ES replaced by fish meal and 35% MS in 14 days. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity was reduced remarkably by 35% mechanical soybean meal compared with 25% extracted soybean meal replaced by fish meal in starter period. Urease activity in extracted soybean meal (0.07) was lower than mechanical soybean meal (0.22). The results of this study have shown better performance by extracted soybean meal compared with mechanical soybean meal. In spite of this, less expensively processed mechanical soybean meal (MS) at 25% level replaced by fish meal could be more economical in broiler chicken feeding.

---

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of using different levels of Ginger rhizome powder (GRP) and Turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) on production performance and some blood metabolites in laying hens. Ninety 103-week old laying hens were divided into 5 treatments in a completely randomized design with 3 replicates and 6 birds in each cage. The birds were fed a corn-soybean meal based diet containing different concentrations of GRP (1 and 3%) and TRP (1 and 3%) and control (0 %). During 9 weeks of experimental period, the data of production parameters were collected. Some blood serum metabolites including, total cholesterol, glucose, uric acid, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorous (P) were measured. Results indicated that the inclusion of GRP into the diets increased egg production percent, egg mass, feed intake whereas it decreased serum total cholesterol, AST and ALT significantly (P<0.05). Adding TRP at the 3% concentration to the diets significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, AST and ALT (P<0.05) but increased feed intake and egg production. The reduction of total cholesterol, AST and ALT (P<0.05) and blood uric acid (P>0.05) implied the non-toxic effect of GRP and TRP treatments on hepatic and renal tissues. As a result of this study, supplementation with ginger (GRP3%) might have some positive effects on production performance and some blood metabolites of the laying hens.

---

---

In this study, the theoretical design of a vapor ejector used in an air-conditioning system is performed and the designed ejector is then optimized via computational fluid dynamics. Based on the numerical simulations, two geometrical parameters, throat diameter and nozzle position, are optimized. Then, the effects of the operating parameters on the performance of the optimized ejector are investigated numerically. The optimized ejector geometry is used as a variable-geometry ejector by using a spindle in the primary throat and the performance of the system in various spindle positions is studied. The results show the importance of using a analytical design to obtain the overall geometry of the ejector and numerical simulation in order to achieve the optimal ejector performance. The variable-geometry ejector designed based on the proposed method in this study with using solar energy, in conjunction with a cold storage system, might be able to provide the necessary refrigeration for all day long.

---

Low swirl burners present an effective approach to increase stability in lean premixed combustion. Effects of swirl number as a key parameter in the performance of these burners have been investigated in several studies with different conditions of pressure, bulk velocity equivalence ratio and geometrical specifications. Swirler distance from the exit, called recess length is another key parameter, which affects the performance of the burner and there are a few studies about its effects on the performance of the burner. In this study by design and fabrication of a low swirl burner and setup a rig test, several combustion parameters include flame temperature; flow rate, pressure and temperature of the air and fuel, and analysis of combustion products have been measured. And the effects of recess length and equivalence ratio variations on the performance of the low swirl burner have been studied. In addition, the exergy analysis has been done in order to investigate the performance of these burners. Results reveal that increasing recess length would result in wider range of lifted flame for different equivalence ratios. In addition, results also show that although low swirl combustion is working on lean condition, it has about 17 percent lower irreversibility ratio in comparison with diffusion flame from second law of thermodynamic point of view. Besides, the heat transfer ratio has been increased about 14 percent in the lifted flame in comparison with the attached flame.

---

The purpose of this paper is to reach the maximum energy recovery or maximum cold stream outlet terminal temperature in a plate fin heat exchanger (PFHE) with constant volume and heat transfer area for a specified maximum pressure drop. This paper presents a methodology in surface selection and design of PFHE where full pressure drop utilization is taken as a design objective in constant heat exchanger volume and heat transfer area. Several kinds of PFHE with different fin type and geometries and different heat exchanger width, length and height could satisfy the constant volume and area condition. Setting maximum pressure drop could reduce these several heat exchangers. While the fin type and dimension of each heat exchanger is extracted due to constant volume-area and pressure drop conditions respectively, the terminal temperature of the heat exchanger would be calculated utilizing thermo-hydraulic modeling of the PFHE. A typical gas turbine regenerator is chosen as case study. The methodology is applied to this case study and results are shown. The surfaces which result maximum energy recovery are specified. In the cases that energy recovery of some surfaces would be approximately the same, other parameters such as frontal area and flow length will be considered

---

Nozzles branching, fuel injection angle and nozzle diameter can affect the mixing process and combustion performance of nozzle-mix burners. In the current work, CFD approach and Taguchi method are employed to investigate the effects of these parameters on the irreversibility of combustion process. Combustion in nozzle-mix burner is first simulated by use of CFD method. The governing equations, including continuity, momentum, energy and chemical reactions are solved numerically by use of FLUENT. Standard k-ε and EDC models are used for modeling turbulence and interaction between chemical reactions and turbulence, respectively. Then, the developed model is experimentally investigated and numerical method is validated. Using the Taguchi method, the effects of each parameters, their priority and optimum values are determined by use of Minitab. A L9(33) orthogonal Taguchi array is used with the analysis aim of minimizing irreversibility. Results show that injection angle, number of branches and nozzle diameter have the most influence on the combustion irreversibility, respectively. The optimum configuration of the nozzle-mix burner is determined to have a 45º injection angle, 4 branches and 4mm nozzle diameter. The corresponding irreversibly to this optimum case is 45.88%.

---

In this paper, numerical investigation was carried out for the sake of identifying optimum geometry for variable geometry ejector using in solar refrigeration system as the prerequisites to experimental tests. Variable geometry was made by using a movable primary nozzle and movable spindle in it. Vacuum tube collector was postulated as heat source and R600a used as working fluid. Condenser temperature based on Middle East area temperature and evaporator based on operative condition in HVAC system selected. Generator, condenser and evaporator operating temperatures have severe effects on the optimum geometry of ejector. Therefore, for maximum entrain ratio it is necessary to identify optimum geometry to cope with variations in operating condition. The results showed that using a variable geometry ejector is a requirement for cooling during the day. The following fluid structure was compared by entropy generation during mixing and shock phenomena. The results showed there is optimum back pressure to minimize fluid exit entropy. It coincides with critical back pressure. It was found that depending on back pressure maximum entropy generation happen by two reasons, mixing and shock phenomena.