---

Transfer of learning from English course to other contexts is one of the most fundamental objectives of EAP instruction. Providing opportunities to transfer the acquired knowledge from the ESAP writing course to writing tasks of specialized disciplines as well as analyzing students’ perceptions of transfer catalysts and barriers might suggest a foundation for future educational planning. This study examines how engineering graduates learning ESAP assessed the four constructs of learning transfer inventory that might facilitate or inhibit the transfer of learning in discipline-specific academic writing programs. 60 engineering graduate students participated in this study. During the ESAP course, collaboratively designed discipline-specific writing tasks were presented and practiced through multimodal input. The catalysts and the barriers to the learning transfer act were identified by administering the Learning Transfer System Inventory (LTSI). Results indicated that the students could obtain significant levels of academic writing skills and finally transfer their acquired instruction to authentic discipline practices. Furthermore, data analysis demonstrated that transfer of writing outcomes will be increased if more consideration of work-related factors is considered in higher education. All participants reported personal capacity as the main impediment induced by the work-related construct. Students’ positive attitudes toward three ability factors and all motivational factors suggested that an auspicious foundation for future educational planning exists if disciplinary and institutional considerations are embraced.
 

---

In human-made materials, aerogels have the least thermal conduction coefficient. The least thermal conduction, which aerogels can have, is equivalent to air conduction, about 0.021W/mK. In some applications, lowest conductions is to be needed. In this study, novolac aerogles are used as spacer, for designing and making multilayer super insulators with aluminum foil reflective layers. The performance of these insulators, are extremely depends on density, porosity and the size of pores in aerogel and number of layers in the overall thickness of insulator. In this study, for decreasing effective thermal conduction of multilayer insulations, tow parameters of density of aerogel and ratio of number of layers to thickness of insulator (layer density), are examined in 25 ˚C to 200 ˚C boundary conditions. First, by assessment of aerogel novolac density effect on thermal conduction, aerogel with density of 0.076 g/cm3 was chosen as the best spacer. In the next part, ratio of 25 layer per centimeter of thickness was chosen as the best layer density. Finally, by making multilayer super insulators, based on this results, an insulator with 5×10-4W/mK effective thermal conductivity was obtaind without evacuation of spacer.

---

Background: The importance of this research was to determine the prevalence of efflux pump genes among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from hospitalized patients in Imam Reza hospital in Tabriz, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the Imam Reza hospital, Tabriz, IR Iran during June 2013 to March 2014. Twenty-six strains were isolated from female patients (42.6%) and thirty-five from male patients (57.4%). Clinical specimens were cultured for isolation of the microbial agents of A. baumannii. The isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical tests. Disk diffusion susceptibility test was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, and E-test methods were also used. The prevalence of efflux pump genes was detected by PCR and sequencing methods.
Results: The resistance of A. baumannii isolates against tested antibiotics was analyzed as follows: 51 (84%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 59 (98%) to ceftazidime, 60 (99%) to ciprofloxacin, 29 (48%) to amikacin, 46 (77%) to gentamicin, 30 (50%) to tobramicin, , 60 (99%) to imipenem,, 60 (99%) to meropenem,, 60 (99%) to ceftriaxon,, 60 (99%) to cefepime,, 60 (99%) to ofloxacin, 6 (11%) to colistin. By using E-test, 45 (73.3%) to imipenem, 57 (93.3%) to ciprofloxacin, 23 (38%) to amikacin were also analyzed. The prevalence of adeA, adeB, adeC, and abeMgenes was 54 (88.5%), 61 (100%), 57 (93.9%), and 60 (98.3%), respectively.
Conclusion: The result of this study showed high incidence of AdeABC efflux pump in MDR A. baumannii isolates and the growing number of nosocomial infections associated with XDR A. baumannii complex, leading to difficulties in antibiotic therapy.

---

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in humans. HPV is associated with gynecologic malignancy and cervical cancer among women worldwide. In the current study we sought to determine the prevalence rate of HPV in Iranian women identified with cervical infections.
Materials and Methods:  Prevalence rate of HPV in Iran was investigated from 2000-2016 using several databases including Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database. Statistical analysis was performed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (V2.2, Biostat) software. Random effects models were used by taking into account the possibility of the heterogeneity between the studies, which was tested through the Cochran’s Q-statistic.
Results: The meta-analyses showed that the prevalence rate of HPV infections was 38.6 % (95% CI, 27.9-50.5) among Iranian women with cervical infections. The further stratified analyses indicated that the prevalence rate of HPV was higher in the studies conducted during the 2000-2008 years.
Conclusion: The results of the present study underscore the need for further enforcement of STD control strategies in Iran. Establishing advanced diagnostic facilities for HPV, vaccination of high risk groups, and continuous monitoring of HPV are recommended for HPV prevention and control.

---

Research subject: Because of the rising global demand for propylene, various extensive studies and research have been done in order to develop alternative ways that are both more energy-efficient and require less energy. In this research, CuBTC is used as a manganese catalyst base in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to produce propylene. The wet impregnation method is used to manufacture the catalysts.
Research approach: Wet impregnation is used to prepare the catalysts, which is a step in the manufacturing process. Analyses such as FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, and EDX are used to examine and describe catalysts that have been created. On the basis of the central composition method, we have investigated the impacts of reaction temperature, manganese loading percentage, oxygen-to-propylene ratio, and their interactions on the synthesis of propylene in this study. The central composite method's input parameters include manganese concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 percent, a propane-to-oxygen ratio ranging from 1 to 3 percent, and a temperature ranging from 140 to 280 degrees Celsius.
Main results: After that, it is shown that the projected models for propane conversion, propylene selectivity, and oxidative dehydrogenation efficiency percentage are about 95 percent based on reactor testing and evaluation of the Design-Expert software results. It was possible to improve the efficiency of the oxidation dehydration process by 4.9 percent by using a conversion percentage of 28.38 percent, a selectivity of 18.14 percent at 278 degrees Celsius, a metal oxide loading of 3.74 percent, and propane to oxygen ratio of 1.5 percent. When laboratory data were compared to predicted data, the correlation coefficient was 93% in favor of the laboratory data.
 

---

Pertussis toxin (PT), the main virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin. Methods of pertussis toxin purification are not available exactly because of economic considerations by vaccine companies. The aim of this study was to setup and modify an in-house method for the PT purification based on affinity chromatography to develop acellular pertussis vaccine in future. B. pertussis and CHO cells were provided from Razi Institute (Karaj, Iran). The bacteria were grown in a 300L fermenter (44 h, 35o c, in B2 medium). The fermentation broth was clarified and concentrated by 0.45 µm membrane filter and 10 KDa molecular weight cut-off membrane respectively. Isolation of pertussis toxin was performed based on affinity chromatography by Fetuin Sepharose column. Immune dot blot test showed significant amounts of pertussis toxin qualitatively. The clustering of CHO- cells mono-layer were observed after first hour of applying the purified pertussis toxin and stopped after the twelfth hour. The average amount of extracted PT was 2.53 IU/ml± 0.43. Among the production procedure of whole cell pertussis vaccine, culture broth is discarded, whereas, results showed it was a suitable source for extraction of pertussis toxin. Finally examine other strains and bacterial culture methods to obtain desired pertussis toxin are recommended.

---

Backgrounds: Helicobacter pylori infections vary in severity and virulence in different populations for various reasons. There are different H. pylori strains with varying degrees of virulence. The genetic diversity of H. pylori strains in gastritis patients in different areas has not been well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence rate and different genotypes of H. pylori strains in clinical specimens of patients with gastritis in Ilam, Iran.
Materials & Methods: Saliva and gastric biopsy samples were collected from 81 patients (55 males and 26 females in the age range of 20 to 90 years) referring to Ilam medical centers. After DNA extraction, the prevalence of H. pylori as well as vacA, cagA, and ureC genes was evaluated using PCR, and then each vacA-positive sample was further evaluated for m1m2 and s1s2 variants.
Findings: The cagA and vacA genes were found in 27 (71%) and 36 (94.7%) H. pylori-positive samples, respectively. The cagA gene was detected in patients with gastric pain (44.4%) and anorexia (18.51%). Also, the results showed that the vacA s2m2 genotype and m2 allele were present in 32.9% of H. pylori isolates. Moreover, s2m2 and s1m2 genotypes were detected in 42.1 and 26.3% of vacA-positive samples, respectively. The lowest frequency was related to the m1 allele (17.18%).
Conclusion: This study results indicate a plausible relationship between the presence of some genotypes of H. pylori and the progression of gastritis, suggesting these markers as promising biomarkers to predict the disease severity.

---

The Model of a Global Strategic Supplier Selection in Supply Chain (Case of Iran Automotive Industry) Globalization is one of the important changes in the 21 century that increased competitions around the world in national, local and international tread and business. Thus production transferred from a national and limited decision to a global and strategic issue. Many competition rules and foundations were changed and redefined in the new situation. This paper studies one of the important aspects of this problem, that is supplier selection, considering two points: 1)world class manufacturing (WCM) conditions, 2)Strategic cooperation. We designed a new model that can select a global strategic supplier, which is tested in Iran auto motive industry supply chain management. This model is very suitable for Iran and other similar countries, and tries to find a suitable answer to this key question, that our managers: is faced with Which supplier should be selected as a part of our supply chain, to improve company company ability, at global production dimansions This model is called »Mogbel – Goudarzi global strategic supplier selection model« or »strategic diamond«.

---

Customer satisfaction through improving service quality considers a critical sucsess factor in the super service organizations. Because of importance of quality and its effects on customer satisfaction in service industries, the key question is how the quality of services can be evaluated. The aim of this paper to determine the most important factors affecting bank service quality, to calculate and analyze effective factors in bank service quality from view points of bank customers and employees, to analyze the gap between customers and employees' expectations and bank performance and finally to provide the posibility of valid scientific improving bank future performance. Factors affecting bank service quality were defined according to the literature. We also asked bank and academic experts view points to adjust the factors and confirm their validity. To calculate factors relative importance weights, a questionair was designed and distributed among a sample group of customers and employees selected randomly. Results of the statistical analyzes show a meaningful difference between the importance weights determined by customers and employees. Also, there is a meaningful differnce between customers and employees priority concerning corrective measures for better future performance. In addition to statistical analyzes, we measured and evaluated bank service quality using four well known models (SERVQUAL, weighted SERVQUAL, SERVPERF, and SERVIMPERF models). The results imply that in all models, not only both customers and employees scored bank service quality more than average, but also customers average score on bank service quality was meaningfully higher than employees average score. Generally, results of this research provided a set of valuable data to bank in order to improve its service quality in future based on both its customers and employees view points.

---

Background: A promising strategy in cancer therapy involves the production of fusion proteins, which entail the fusion of two distinct proteins. This study aimed to produce and assess the cytotoxic effects of the Nisin-arginine deiminase (ADI) fusion protein on the SW480 cell lines, a common model for studying colorectal cancer (CRC).
Materials & Methods: The designed Nisin-ADI gene fragment sequence was sent to Biomatik Company for synthesis in pET-28a vectors between SacI and HindIII restriction enzyme sites. Escherichia coli (E. coli) DH5α and BL21 were utilized for cloning and protein expression, respectively. The recombinant fusion protein expression was induced by Isopropyl ß-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and purified using Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid (1) resin affinity chromatography. Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting were conducted to analyze the purified protein. The cytotoxic effect of the purified recombinant fusion protein on SW480 and NIH3T3 cells, as a control, was evaluated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Findings: The results of this study showed that the fusion protein had a significant impact on the SW480 cell lines. The Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the fusion protein was 30 µg/mL, indicating that it effectively inhibited the growth of cancer cells. However, the fusion protein did not significantly affect the control group.
Conclusion: This study provides helpful insights into the potential application of recombinant Nisin-ADI fusion proteins as a potential treatment option for colorectal cancer. The potential for selective targeting of cancer cells is promising as normal cells are unaffected by this fusion protein.

---

Objective: Ajowan is an annual herbaceous essential oil of Carum copticom. The main components of the oil are Tymol, β-pinene, γ- terpinene and Sabinene.The fruit oil of Carum copticum has been reported to have several therapeutic effects including anti fungal, anti bacterial and anti viral,... Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus and transforms into pathogenic form in favorable conditions, causing fungal diseases. Materials and Methods: In this study, essential oil and alcoholic extract of Carum copticum were gained and Microdilution Broth method were used for detection of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) of 11 clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Standard strain (PTCC50-27). Results: Results show that MIC for essential oil is 0.43 µg/ml, 0.87 µg/ml and for alcoholic extract is 3.51 µg/ml, 7.03 µg/ml, 1/75 µg/ml. Thus, it seems that Carum copticum could inhibit Candida albicans growth by a similar mechanism which occurs by Fluconazole (FLZ). In general, the results obtained in this study indicate that Carum copticum has potential values for growth inhibition of Candida albicans in vitro. Conclution: In recent years, systemic fungal infections due to Candida species have been received major consideration about inducing mortality in nosocomial patients because of increasing in immunocompromised disorders such as AIDS and hematological disorders as well as long term use of Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus sandflies. Conclusion: This is the first report on natural infection of sand flies to L. donovani in the country and since the ecology and biology of L. donovani differs extensively from L. infantum, it is necessary to perform further studies to highlight the role of L. donovani in epidemiology of VL in the region and country.

---

Passing manoeuvres and crosswind can have significant effects on the stability and fuel consumption of road vehicles. When two vehicles overtake or cross, they mutually influence the flow field around each other, and under certain conditions, can generate sever gust loads that acts as an additional forces on both vehicles. The forces acting on them are a function of the longitudinal and transverse spacings and of the relative velocity between the tow vehicles. In this paper, the models were designed to study the effects of various parameters such as the longitudinal and transverse spacing, the relative velocity and the crosswind on the aerodynamic forces and moments generated on the overtaken and overtaking vehicles using Ansys CFX. The aerodynamic forces have been predicted by a SST model solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for turbulent flow. The numerical predictions for the evaluation of aerodynamic coefficients agree well with the scaled-down air tunnel experimental work.

---

Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to determine the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from dry fruits of Carum copticum. Thymol (36.7%), -terpinene (36.5%) and -cymene (21.1%) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. The anti-bacterial activities of the oil were mainly investigated against food poisoning bacteria (Salmonella thyphimorium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Entero-pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) by broth microdilution and agar diffusion methods. The oil exhibited significant anti-bacterial activities against all the examined bacteria. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the oil of Ajowan is rich in monoterpenes and it may be used as a natural anti-bacterial agent in drug and food industries.

---

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of several doses of spearmint essential oil (SEO; 0, 250, 500, 750 or 1,000 µg ml-1 buffered rumen fluid) on the fermentation kinetic and digestibility using in vitro gas production technique. A total mixed ration (30% roughage: 70% concentrate) was incubated with buffered rumen fluid. In vitro gas production, asymptotic gas production (A), rate of gas production (µ), partitioning factor (PF), microbial biomass (MB), ammonia concentration and digestibility were determined. Increasing the dose of SEO decreased the parameters A and µ. Adding SEO, however, increased PF, ammonia concentration, apparent in vitro dry matter digestibility and true in vitro organic matter digestibility at the lower levels of SEO (250 and 500 µg ml-1). But, at the level of 1,000 µg ml-1, a decrease was observed for these parameters. The increment in PF and digestibility illustrate that SEO has a potential to modulate the rumen fermentation, which may be beneficial (at low doses) for improving nutrient utilization.

---

Recently, the use of coronary stents in interventional procedures has rapidly increased and different stent models, with different geometries and materials, have been introduced in the market. In order to select the most appropriate stent model, it is necessary to analyze and compare the mechanical behavior of different types of stent. In this paper, finite element method is used for investigating the effect of stent geometry and material properties on its behavior. Two commercially available stent designs with different geometries (the Palmaz–Schatz and NIR stents) and two different stent materials (stainless steel 304 and Cobalt alloy MP35N) are modeled and their behavior during the deployment is compared in terms of stress distribution in the stent and vessel, and outer diameter changes. Moreover, the effect of stent geometry and material properties on the restenosis after coronary stent placement is investigated by comparing the stress distribution in the arteries. According to the findings, the possibility of restenosis after coronary stenting is lower for NIR stent in comparison with Palmaz–Schatz stent. Moreover, stainless steel 304 is more suitable material for manufacturing stents, in comparison with the other one.

---

In this paper, contact boundary condition between two pieces of the processed meat at different temperatures (two pieces with cold and room temperatures), that were suddenly in contact with each other in an inverse non-Fourier heat conduction problem was estimated. The direct problem was non-Fourier heat conduction that expressed with fractional single phase model and this problem involved only the piece of the processed meat in the room temperature. In this problem, it was assumed that governing equation, thermophysical properties and initial and boundary conditions were known and then it was solved numerically using the modified Mac-Cormack method. In the inverse problem, the estimation of the unknown contact boundary condition in the fractional non-Fourier model as a new work is done using the parameter estimation version of conjugate gradient method without/with adjoin problem that is one of the efficient deterministic methods in inverse analysis. In addition, in order to obtain the measured temperature of the inverse problem, a linear dual phase lag model validated with experimental data, was used. Finally, these two methods were compared to each other. Their results of these two methods showed the efficient estimation of the unknown contact boundary condition in fractional non-Fourier heat conduction.

---

In this paper, a new algebraic closure model for the DNS of turbulent drag reduction in a channel flow using microfiber additives is presented. This model is an extension of an existing model and cures some the shortcomings of the old model. In the proposed model, using the velocity correlation tensor in the modeling process, more physical conditions of the flow field are taken into account. With this, some of the shortcomings of other models are cured. The proposed model is used to directly simulate turbulent drag reduction in a horizontal channel flow under the action of a constant pressure gradient. For this purpose, time-dependent, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for the incompressible flow of a non-Newtonian fluid are numerically solved. Statistical quantities of obtained by the new model are compared with the results of previous simulations. The good agreement between the results demonstrates the proper accuracy of the new model. Especially, the root-mean-square of velocity fluctuations in the streamwise direction is predicted with high accuracy as compared to previous models. Other statistical quantities are also computed with appropriate accuracy. This model is capable of prediction all properties of a microfiber-induced drag-reduced flow.

---

In this study, the numerical and experimental investigation of the maximum deflection of circular plates under shock wave from the air blast is discussed. Shock wave will generated by explosion of a spherical charge at different distances from center of the plate. Two series of tests were designed, in the first series of non-uniform shock wave reached the structure, and the second series of shock waves, is uniformly. The purpose of design and implementation of experiments to investigate the effect of waves on the deformation behavior and extract semi-empirical model to predict the maximum deflection of the center of the circular plate subjected normal shock wave uniform and non-uniform. These two models as a function of the Nurick damage number, that effects of all parameters of explosive material and structures are summary and dimensionless, are presented. Then for the experimental verification using finite element software LS-DYNA, the numerical simulation of the behavior of plate under free air explosion was performed and the results were compared with experimental results. Results obtained with acceptable margin of error is close to the experimental results. Finally the results obtained were compared with semi-empirical models of other scholars who have researched this area

---

This paper aims to examine the replacement oil revenues with tax revenues in the Iranian economy. For this purpose, using dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) approach, a small open economy model consisting of two tradable and non-tradable production sectors is designed. In government revenue side, various taxes such as consumption tax, and income tax arising from the supply of labor and capital rent are included in the model. Model parameters were estimated by Bayesian approach using quarterly data for the period 1988-2014. Two scenarios were designed in order to replace oil revenues with tax revenues. In the first scenario, the government only receives oil incomes, and oil price is determined exogenously. In the second one, oil earnings are totally saved in the National Development Fund (NDF), and government spends only tax revenues to meet current and capital expenditure. The results indicate negative impact of higher taxes on macroeconomic variables such as economic growth and private consumption in the short-term and positive impact on GDP, consumption and investment in the long- term.

---

The use of porous scaffolds for repairing the damaged bone tissues has been increased in recent years. As exploration of the mechanical properties of the scaffolds on the basis of experiments is time consuming and uneconomic, mathematical models are increasingly being introduced into the field, but most of them rely on finite element method and theoretical studies are rarely found in the literature. In this paper, different micromechanical models are presented for obtaining the effective elastic properties of bone scaffolds. Using these models, the mechanical properties of different scaffolds, including ceramic and composite bone scaffolds, are investigated. Single scale and multi-scale modeling approaches are used to simulate the ceramic and composite scaffolds, respectively. Furthermore, because of the wide application of hydroxyapatite in fabrication of bone scaffolds, the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite scaffolds in different porosities are obtained in the current study by means of the presented methods. Results show that Dewey, self-consistent and differential schemes are the best methods in calculation of the value of Young’s modulus of these scaffolds in porosity ranges of less than 30 %, 30 to 60 % and more than 60 %, respectively. Moreover, self-consistent scheme gives good estimation of the value of Poisson’s ratio of hydroxyapatite scaffolds in different porosities. By obtaining the values of the mechanical properties of the scaffolds in different porosities by these models and using the statistical analysis, the mathematical relationship between the porosity and the mechanical properties of this kind of scaffolds (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio) is obtained.