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Teacher reflection and self-efficacy beliefs are two important teacher characteristics that influence different aspects of teaching jobs. The relationship between these two constructs is important, but the previous research has focused on the effect of reflection on self-efficacy. This mixed-methods study aimed at assessing the interrelationships between reflection and self-efficacy through surveying 330 Iranian English language teachers in the quantitative phase and interviewing 15 teachers in the qualitative phase. The quantitative data were analyzed through a Partial Least Square approach and the qualitative data through a conventional content analysis. Results show the two variables are closely interwoven, but reflection components were better predictors of self-efficacy. Metacognitive, cognitive, and affective reflection were significant predictors of self-efficacy and its components, but critical reflection did not predict any aspect of reflection. Efficacy for classroom management could predict practical and cognitive reflection, and efficacy for student engagement could predict practical, affective, and critical reflection. These findings imply that metacognitive, affective, and cognitive reflections need to be encouraged in English Language Teaching preservice and inservice teacher education programs, and workshops need to be enriched and focus on practical teaching issues and classroom management strategies, and learner engagement techniques.
 

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Various factors, such as temperature stress, dietary changes, and the entry of contaminants and infections into the hemolymph, are known to affect insect immune responses by altering hemocyte profiles. The research focused on the hemocyte profile, hemogram across all biological stages, and the morphological and frequency changes of hemocytes in third instar larvae exposed to temperature stress. Cucumber fruits infected with insect larvae were collected and brought to the laboratory, where third instar larvae were extracted from the fruit tissue. The hemolymph was then collected, and after staining with Giemsa solution, hemocytes were identified under a light microscope. The hemogram analysis included measurements of DHC, THC, blood volume, and AHC across all biological stages. In third instar larvae, plasmatocytes and granulocytes were the most abundant, comprising about 56% of the hemocyte population. In contrast, prohemocytes were most frequent in the first instar larvae, accounting for approximately 37%. THC was highest in third instar larvae, indicating a direct correlation between hemolymph volume and total hemocyte count. Temperature stress had a significant impact on hemocyte numbers. Heat stress, with temperatures up to 30 and 35 °C, led to a notable increase in total cell count, granulocytes, and plasmatocytes. Conversely, cold temperatures resulted in a decrease in prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, and the total cell count compared to the control group. Additionally, temperature stress induced hemocyte deformation, with plasmatocytes and granulocytes showing the most pronounced changes under heat stress, including torn cell walls and loss of cell contents at 35 ^○C.

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Nowadays, the development of the main pillar is moving towards the globalisation of higher education and skilled human resources; the main character is the country's progress. So that higher education in the spatial planning strategy document, one of the most important factors of growth and scientific development and the realisation of the goals and strategic plans, human resource development that upbringing religious human resources, specialists and skills tailored to the needs of the country, the region and the world referred and the happen this paramount issue only through the institutions of education, especially higher education system possible. The importance of this issue this study aims to deem the role of collegiate sports as an important chapter in the growth and development of human capital in higher education, which includes the majority of the student class. This thread was raised to impose specific planning and provide a new pattern with a dynamic vision that leads to an increase in the functionality and capabilities of human resources, and with this action can be taken a fundamental step in the development of higher education. This research methodology was descriptive-analytical, which was done by collecting and analysing information. In order to achieve the research objectives, some problems and obstacles were identified, which caused disorder in the development of higher education and human resources. The obtained results showed that collegiate sport is important, and in case pays attention to them, one will see progress and development of higher education in the country and the world. 

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Sports volunteer movement and capital development challenges

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Soil affected by salt (NaCl) is a major problem worldwide and in areas with potential agriculture; lands in many countries are not enough to support crop production. The development of salt tolerant cultivars would be enhanced by better understanding of the genetic control of tolerance to salt stress. A new cereal, tritipyrum, a range of amphiploids between Triticum spp. and Thinopyrum spp. offers such a new chance. Those with the 6x construction (2n=6x=42, AABBEbEb) derived from Triticum durum (2n=4x=28, AABB) and Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n=2x=14, EbEb) are of the potential to become a new high salt tolerant cereal crop. Tritipyrum is prone to problems similar to those exhibited by early triticales, e.g. chromosome instability and low fertility, which in that crop were eventually overcome by breeding. Other problems could be overcome through substitution of Eb genome chromosomes by D genome ones, and the feasibility of this has been assessed in the progenies of (6x tritipyrum) x (6x wheat) hybrids with the aid of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The cytological, morphological and agronomic studies of existing tritipyrum lines, including the effect of vernalization, were carried out, too. A novel multiple- pistil/seed characteristic of one original tritipyrum line has also been investigated and its genetic basis established. The results have shown that, first creation of substituted lines is feasible, and thus it could be a route for the elimination of undesirable traits. Second, improvement should be possible via selection for chromosomally stable lines, with increased fertility and yield. Third, it may also be possible to exploit the perennial habit and multi-tillering traits in a dual-purpose forage/grain crop. Fourth, the multiple-pistil/seed trait may be controlled by two recessive genes. Fifth, there is a high probability of having established the seven possible monosomic additions of Th. bessarabicum to T.durum for the first time.

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A 12-week feeding trial was carried out in 500 L fiberglass tanks  to evaluate the effect of dietary choline at 0, 2, 4, and 8 g kg ^-1 levels on growth rate, body composition and total liver lipid of juvenile Acipenser baerii (37.67±0.67 g). A semi purified basal diet was formulated using vitamin free casein and wheat gluten as a protein source, a mixture of animal and plant oils as a lipid source and dextrin as a carbohydrate source. Four isonitrogenous (40% protein) and isoenergetic (18 MJ kg^-1) diets were prepared and fed to the fish three times daily to apparent satiation. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly affected by dietary choline (p<0.05). The best growth performance was observed in fish fed diets containing 2 and 8 g kg ^-1 choline (p<0.05). Fish fed with 2 and 4 g kg ^-1 choline showed higher lipid content compared with the control diet (p<0.05), but not significantly different in body protein (p>0.05). Total lipid of liver and plasma, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipids levels showed an increasing trend with increasing levels of dietary choline, but not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). Based on the results, we recommend adding a 1.5 gkg^-1 choline to commercial diet of juvenile Acipenser baerii.

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In today's dynamic environment, having a proper strategy is not enough for companies to be able to adjust themselves with their environments. Companies through choosing a suitable organizational structure can benefit innovation to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The aim of this study is testing the mediating role of organizational structure (formalization, centralization, complexity) between environmental uncertainty and organizational innovation. The questionnaire was used to collect data with high reliability and Structural Equation Modeling and Partial least squares were used for analyzing data. Data collected from medium and large manufacturing firms in the Mashhad city. The results showed that the theoretical model was good fitted and the relationship between environmental uncertainty and dimensions of Organizational structure (complexity, formalization and centralization) is meaningful. Also the relationship between complexity and formalization with organizational innovation were significant. Organizational formalization and complexity mediated between environmental uncertainty and organizational innovation was meaningful but mediating role of centralization was not meaningful.        

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Sugar beet molasses is a well-known, inexpensive and available carbon source for microbial cell growth. Its sugar components are used to produce energy for microbial growth and non-sugar components, especially nitrogen components, have important roles in improvement of cell growth. On the other hand, immobilization of whole cell is establishment and physical limitation of intact cells in specific space that keeps their catalytic activity and provides the possibility of reuse of the cells. This technique allows continuous and accelerated biological processes. It also improves production efficiency and quality and simplifies recycling of product. Immobilized living cells, as controlled catalysts, are able to perform one-step enzymatic reaction and continuous fermentative processes. In this research, E.coli cells were immobilized in calcium alginate hydrogels and using sugar beet molasses as carbon source, were applied for tryptophan production reaction in the presence of its precursors, serine and indole. In comparison between free biocatalysts and immobilized bacterial cells that entrapped in alginate gels, indicated that larger amounts of amino acids (about 42/9%) can produce in calcium alginate. Also the production reaction was followed up for 9 sequential cycles, and results showed that the cells could produce tryptophan amino acid under above conditions. Use of sugar beet molasses (by-product of agriculture industries) for growth of microbial cells and tryptophan production, causes decrease in production cost and more economical production of tryptophan by immobilized E. coli.

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Language teaching literature shows an isolation and independency between pronunciation and writing.  In this paper, focusing on the pronunciation errors of Persian language learners, we test the hypothesis if there is a significant relationship between Pronunciation and writing errors of the same learners. In this regard, it is emphasized that these two categories have a lot in common, and reinforcing of one leads to the reinforcing of the other. First, the data collected from oral speech of the learners are listed. Then the repeated errors in vowels, consonants and phonetic processes are extracted and presented along with some examples. Next, the subjects are asked to compose writings in different topics. Errors extracted from these data are presented in charts and tables, along with the frequencies of each. Formal comparison and statistical analysis of t-student showed that writing errors in the pronunciation field are not simply a performance error in language production; rather they are resulted from competence of the learner. Proving our hypothesis, it is emphasized that pronunciation and writing are two sides of the same coin; therefore, it is suggested that using communicative approach, a kind of complementary attitude in teaching pronunciation and writing, is taken in the teaching methods and the composing styles of Persian language teaching textbooks.

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The effect of cold-smoking was studied on the production of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), quality indexes, microbial community and omega-3 fatty acid profile of common carp. Thus, the fresh fish was smoked and stored for 30 days at 4^°C. The nutritional values of both fresh and smoked products (protein, lipid, moisture and ash), pH and TVB-N indexes, microbial count including TC, molds and yeasts, were determined and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs, carcinogenic PAH₄ compounds and also fatty acids composition were determined using HPLC and GC, respectively. The results showed that microbial community was well controlled and moisture content decreased during smoking, thus protein and lipid content were increased (P<0.05). TVB-N index for fresh fish was 10.87 and increased to 14.01 and 18.10 mg/100 in smoked and 30^th days of production, respectively (P<0.05). High molecular weight of PAH₄ were evaluated at 0.20, 1.70 and 1.30 µg/kg, respectively (P<0.05). No benzo[a]pyrene as a carcinogenic hydrocarbon in fresh fish was found, while it was found during smoking process (0.40 µg/kg) and after 30 days of storing (0.30 µg/kg) (P<0.05). The ω-3 fatty acids were determined in a range of 5.38 and raised to 5.53 g/100g in smoked fish and 5.47 g/100g after 30 days, which was insignificant (P>0.05).The results also showed that cold-smoking and one month storing at 4^°C didn't change the composition of carp fatty acid, and useful series such as ω-3, ω-6, EPA and DHA were well preserved.

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در این مقاله اثر ضد رگ‌ زایی داروی آرتیمیزینین برای مقابله با رشد تومور سرطانی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.به این منظور از رویکرد مدلسازی استفاده شده است. ابتدا یکی از مدل‌ های موجود در ادبیات برای انطباق با نتایج تجربی، بهبود داده شده و سپس پارامتر های آن با استفاده از روش بیشترین شیب بر مبنای داده‌ های آزمایشگاهی جمع‌ آوری شده از موش‌ های آزمایشگاهی استخراج شده است. سپس بر مبنای مدل استخراج شده، روش پایداری لیاپانوف برای طراحی برنامه دارو دهی مد نظر قرار گرفته و یک برنامه دارو دهی برای درمان و کنترل رشد تومور سرطانی ارائه گردیده است. با استفاده از شبیه‌ سازی های رایانه ای نشان داده شده است که برنامه دارو دهی ارائه شده مناسب بوده و می‌ تواند منجر به ایجاد بهبود در روند درمان و کنترل رشد تومور سرطانی گردد. در طراحی برنامه دارو دهی مقدار سمیت داروی آرتیمیزینین نیز لحاظ شده است.

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Although Ghazals of Hafez have been researched on in different poetic and linguistic approaches, there is always a new finding when diving in this endless ocean. In this paper discourse of signature verses (Takhallus) of Hafez are analyzed using one of the most authorized and referred theories today but ignored for some times that of Bakhtin. The Russian philosopher who claims that the author is not the only speaker but along with “other voices” in an active interaction take part in the creation of the truth. Considering this view point, it was found  that in spite of the fact that in most verses Hafez addresses himself, there is no “one” speaker. In other words he takes different varieties of viewpoints. In this way he sometimes agrees with Hafez, sometimes praises him, sometimes takes care of him, and still in other cases he opposes him, blames him, disagrees with him, or even outrages against him. Hafez is not alone, there are other voices in different layers of the discourse in a dialogic interaction. What makes this signature verses distinct is that here Hafez explicitly says that “I is an other”, “I must become the other of myself”, “I am my other self”. In this research, characteristics of polyphonic discourse are proposed as practical Models in three patterns for structural polyphony and three patterns for content or viewpoint polyphony with all the related sub-patterns.  

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Abstract The amount of waste and agricultural wastes in Iran is very high due to the combination of resources that they have become suitable for ethanol production. Molasses is one of the most abundant and inexpensive carbon sources available and usable for ethanol production. With this application to prevent it from getting into the environment and the product is obtained as a clean and environmental fuel. The main objective of this study was to compare the production of ethanol from molasses by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zaymomonas Mobilis. In this study, the fermented juices of grapes are cultivated on the RM culture containing 1% Nystatin at Aerobic conditions and temperature is 30℃. Then the Zymomonas Mobilis was isolated and identified by using staining techniques, biochemical tests, growth in the presence of 7% ethanol and ribotyping. To determine the amount of ethanol production, 10% molasses medium was used. The amount of ethanol at 24, 48, 96, 120, 144 hours in 10% molasses were 1.45, 3.4 and 5.05% for Zymomonas mobili subsp. mobilis IRMH52, Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis ATCC 10988 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. In this study, a new strain of Zymomonas mobilis were isolated and compared the production of ethanol with the same conditions showed that this strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce less ethanol.

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