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In this article, effects of Friction stir welding tool rotational and traverse speeds were studied on the temperature distribution, material flow and formation of defects in the welding zone. Computational fluid dynamics method was used to simulate the process with commercial CFD Fluent 6.4 package. To enhance the accuracy of simulation in this Study, the welding line that is located between two workpieces, defined with pseudo melt behavior around the FSW pin tool. Simulation results showed that with increase of FSW tool rotational speed to linear speed, the material flow in front of tool became more and dimensions of the stir zone will be bigger. The calculation result also shows that the maximum temperature and stir of the material was occurred on the advancing side. The computed results showed that with incompetent heat generation, insufficient material flow caused around the pin and defects formed in weld root. The computed results were in good agreement with the experimental results of other researchers. Based on the welding parameters that used in this simulation, the maximum strain rate is predicted between -4(S-1) to +4(S-1) in the stir zone.

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Introduction: Neuropathic pain is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes, significantly affecting their quality of life. This study investigates the effects of combined vitamins C and E treatment on pain sensitivity in diabetic mice, aiming to elucidate their therapeutic potential for managing diabetic neuropathic pain.
Methods: Adult male BALB/c mice (25-30g) were used to induce animal model of diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The pain sensitivity was evaluated by several behavioral tests such as hot plate, tail flick and formalin test.
Results: Our results demonstrated that glucose levels in diabetic mice were significantly elevated compared to controls, and Vitamin E treatment notably reduced glucose levels, while vitamin C alone did not show significant changes. Pain behavior was assessed using the formalin test, where both vitamins significantly reduced licking time during the acute phase and chronic phase with combined treatment exhibiting an additive effect. Additionally, the tail flick test revealed prolonged latency in response to thermal stimuli with both vitamins, indicating enhanced analgesic effects, particularly when administered together. The hot plate test further confirmed increased latency times with vitamin supplementation.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that vitamins C and E co-supplementation ameliorates pain sensitivity and may improve metabolic outcomes in diabetic conditions, highlighting the benefits of these antioxidants and their potential as therapeutic agents to improve clinical outcomes for patients suffering from diabetes-related pain.