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In order to estimate heritability and gene action for grain yield and its related traits in lentil, six basic generations were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field experiment. Besides seed yield per plant, plant height, pod length, and 100-seed weight, the number of pods per plant, primary branches, clusters per plant, nodes per main stem, secondary branches, and the number of seeds per pod were recorded. Generation mean analysis using A, B, C and joint scaling tests indicated that additive [a], dominance [d] and at least one of the epistatic effect (additive×additive [aa], additive×dominance [ad] and dominance×dominance [dd]) were involved in the inheritance of the studied traits. However, simple additive-dominance model was sufficient only for pod length. Significant dominance [d] and dominance×dominance [dd] interactions with opposite sign indicated duplicate epistasis for all traits except pod length. Narrow-sense heritability was low for seed yield per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight and moderate for other traits. Average dominance ratio was more than unity for seed yield per plant, number of primary and secondary branches, pod length, and 100-seed weight, which showed the high importance of dominance gene effect in control of these traits. Due to the presence of greater non-additive gene effects combined with low narrow-sense heritability, selection for almost all of the studied traits in this cross, especially in early generations, would be complex in conventional methods.

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In this research, the effects of flow rate and temperature of supply air on the performance of a bed-based task/ambient air conditioning system (TAC) have been investigated. For this reason, a bed-based task/ambient air conditioning system including a bed, a supply air inlet on the top of the occupant's head and a return air outlet under the bed have been considered and for the mentioned conditions, the equations of flow, energy and thermal comfort have been solved by OpenFoam numerical solver. Also, the thermal comfort conditions, local thermal discomfort and energy utilization coefficient have been evaluated in the present study. The results show that the performance of the mentioned system significantly depends on the supply air temperature and flow rate. So that, the low supply air flow rates may cause non-uniform temperature and velocity distributions and this leads to unpleasant thermal comfort conditions. Also, in order to achieve the benefits of TAC systems, using of high supply air flow rates must be avoided because in high flow rates a wide area of the room is affected by supply air instead of the bed zone. Also, the results indicate that the energy utilization coefficient decreases with supply air flow rate increment. Therefore, this coefficient has reached to less than 1.5 in 120 lit/s air flow rate that demonstrate the low advantage of using TAC systems in high supply air flow rates.

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Due to high humidity, high air temperature and hazardous compounds including chlorine indoor swimming pools are called as ‎unhealthy environment. Therefore, the pollutants’ concentration, relative humidity and thermal comfort conditions must be ‎simultaneously considered in designing the air conditioning systems of indoor swimming pools. In this study, a new approach has been ‎presented for concurrent modeling of water evaporation mechanism, chlorine concentration level, occupants’ thermal sensation and ‎temperature and velocity fields in a championship-size indoor swimming pool. In this regard, a new algorithm has been developed in ‎order to apply adaptive boundary conditions at water-air interface in the pool. In the mentioned pool, the air enters the environment ‎through a linear ceiling diffuser at temperature of 35°C, relative humidity of 30% and air exchange rate of 4 times per hour. The results ‎show that the distribution of temperature, relative humidity and concentration of chlorine contaminant are significantly depending on the ‎height from the water surface. So, the volumetric average of relative humidity from the floor to 0.5m height is about 62%; while the ‎volumetric average of relative humidity in the occupied zone is about 50%. Moreover, results indicate that in the distance of floor to 0.5m ‎height, the mean value of chlorine’s concentration is about 60% larger than its mean value in the occupied zone. Also, the temperature ‎field and distribution of thermal comfort index are significantly dependent to the height.‎