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Aims: Drug abuse among college students continues as a major public-health concern. Theory-driven research is necessary to address and find causes. The current research investigates the utility of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in designing and implementing a drug abuse educational prevention program among medical college students. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 120 college students in two groups: experimental and control, who were randomly enrolled at the baseline survey. We used a questionnaire, which included three sections of background data (11 questions), knowledge about the side effects of drug abuse questionnaire (16 questions), and TPB-based questionnaire (20 questions). Educational planning was based on active learning with using group discussion, printed leaflet, and audio-visual CD. The participants were followed up after 2-month intervention. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 16 using appropriate statistical tests such as stepwise multiple logistic regressions and t-test. Findings: Almost 6.7% of the participants had a history of drug abuse. The three predictors of 1) attitude, 2) subjective norms, and 3) perceived behavioral control accounted for 48 % of the variation in the outcome measure of the intention to drug abuse. There was a significant improvement in average response for knowledge about the side effects of drug abuse and TPB variables among the students who were under intervention (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Designing intervention to reduce positive attitude and subjective norms toward drug abuse among college students could be useful to substance abuse prevention.

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    Developments, changes and increased competition in the field of industry in recent years, has forced organizations to focus on gaining competitive advantage. In general, many experts believe that organizational performance improvement will increase profitability, and therefore the organization's competitive position relative to other competitors will be dramatically enhanced. It can be accomplished through environmental conditions, resources and practices required. As results, organization can enhance its ability to value creation and achieve profitability. In this study, regarding to resources in achieving high level performance, the key sources of influence on organization performance is derived by reviewing the results of previous researches and according to experts’ points of view. Using the experimental design method, appropriate framework of factors presented. The results show that contribution percentage of following factors: total number of employees, inventory levels, the value of capital assets, the ratio of manufacturing employment to total employment and the cost of advertising on firm performance.    

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Increasing complexity and turbulence of environment, are requiring quick response and proper reaction of organizations. These conditions have increased the need of organizations to think and act beyond just solving their current issues. In today's competitive and changing environment, being and acting smart are the best guarantee for any business to success. Present study seeks to answer the question of what the processes are and what factors are necessary for smart organization. This paper is based on descriptive- survey methods, and of purpose is fundamental - applicable research. The statistical population is consist of 3531 people from manufacturing firms in a company and 347 of them were chosen as a sample. Data was gathered using a questionnaire and Delphi technique was used. To analyze the data, partial least squares method used by Smart PLS software. Test results showed that all variables had a significant and positive impact on the smart organization, except group work, and the effect of all variable together is significant. Also found out that flexible communications has greatest impact on the smart organization.

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The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the subjective patterns of managers and experts of Iranian Fisheries Organization regarding organizational transformation. The research was carried out with the participation of a number of managers and experts of the Fisheries Organization who were selected by a purposeful sampling approach. The main research method for collecting the required data was in-depth interview. After reviewing and summarizing 75 statements extracted from the interviews, 41 statements were finally selected as Q samples. After sorting Q statements, exploratory factor analysis and varimax rotation approach were employed to identify subjective patterns. The results revealed that five different subjective patterns can be identified among the managers and experts of the Iranian Fisheries Organization regarding the organizational transformation, which explained 72.87% of the total variance in the factor analysis model. The results of factor analysis indicated that the subjective patterns identified included participatory policies, capacity development and change management, appropriate organizational structures, incentives for change, and clarification of financial and administrative affairs. In the end, it was recommended that it was very important to develop more units and mechanisms within the organization for communication and interaction with other actors. Rereading and amending the regulations related to the support of the information system in the organization is an undeniable necessity that can develop and institutionalize the teamwork culture in the fisheries organization. In addition, the results of the present study can facilitate the organizational transformation and ultimately increase the success and responsiveness of the fisheries organization.

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Minthodes oramanatae Gilasian & Ziegler sp. nov. is described as new to science from western province of Kermanshah, Iran. This species is separated from other Minthodes species by its shiny black abdomen, narrow frons, long postpedicel, presence of basal scutellar marginal setae, short petiole of wing cell r₄₊₅ and absence of marginal setae on abdominal tergite 2. Photographs of the male habitus and terminalia are given. The comparison of the morphological characters of M. oramanatae Gilasian & Ziegler sp. nov. with its closely related species M. atra (Kugler, 1971) and M. rossica (Mesnil, 1963) is provided. Photographs of the habitus and male terminalia of M. atra are presented for the first time. The identification key to the Iranian Minthodes species is provided.

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Aims: Today, it is essential that new technologies such as smartphones and their tools, such as applications, be considered in the design of health interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of educational intervention in promoting communication skills among students using the mHealth approach based on the theory of planned behavior.
Material & Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental intervention study among 160 university students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Data were measured using a self-report questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior constructs. Results were measured at the beginning and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using Chi-square, independent samples t-test, and paired sample t-test.
Findings: The mean age of students was 21.88±2.51 years old. Our findings showed the efficiency of the intervention in increasing the scores of attitude (32.05 increased to 32.76; p=0.005), subjective norms (12.19 increased to 12.40; P=0.038), and behavioral intention (10.32 increased to 11.95; p<0.001) towards learning communication skills in the intervention group. Also, the estimated effect sizes for attitude, subjective norms, and intention were 0.48, 0.23, and 0.72, respectively.
Conclusion: We have shown that the tested mHealth program has been effective in promoting attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions to learn communication skills. Given the availability of this technology, it seems that it can lead to useful findings in promoting youth health.
 

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Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a health education program on empowering mothers to prevent home accidents among rural children under five years old in Ilam County.
Materials & Methods: This research was a randomized controlled trial involving 88 mothers with children under five years old attending healthcare houses in Ilam County in 2022-2023 who were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. A one-month online educational intervention was implemented for the intervention group using the WhatsApp application, while the control group received no education. Data were collected using a questionnaire assessing the constructs of the health belief model regarding home accidents in children, completed online by the participants at baseline and three months later. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software, employing an independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test.
Findings: No significant difference was found between the two groups in the mean scores of the health belief model constructs regarding preventing home accidents in the pre-test phase (p>0.05). The results of the independent sample t-test showed a significant increase in the mean scores of health belief model constructs in the intervention group compared to the control group after a three-month follow-up (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Designing interventions based on the health belief model effectively empowers mothers to prevent accidents in rural children under five years old.
 

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Aims: Despite the advantages of physical activity, many people still don't exercise much. The study aimed to examine the impact of intervention mapping model-based training on the health-promoting behaviors of Ilam University of Medical Sciences employees.
Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 221 Ilam University of Medical Sciences staff were given Walker's health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire to determine their needs. Then, a training program was created to increase staff physical activity levels based on the efficient structures. Sixty Ilam University of Medical Sciences employees who scored lowest on the physical activity dimension participated in the educational intervention phase. Participants received the international physical activity questionnaire before and three months after the intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS 22 software by independent t-test, paired t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, one-way analysis of variance, and generalized linear regression.
Findings: Among the health-promoting lifestyle dimensions, the physical activity dimension was identified as the most important predictor of health-promoting behaviors. There were significant differences before and after the educational intervention in the housework and family care and the average physical activity (p<0.05). The average total physical activity increased significantly after the educational intervention compared to before the intervention (p<0.016).
Conclusion: The mapping model education improves physical activity levels in medical university staff.
 

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Aims: Osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases among women, and dietary patterns, especially during adolescence, significantly impact its occurrence and prevention. The present study examined the determinants of osteoporosis in female students at the first secondary school level in Ilam City based on the health belief model.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 819 participants selected by a two-stage cluster random sampling approach. Data were collected using a 52-item researcher-developed questionnaire based on the health belief model and analyzed using descriptive tests, Pearson’s correlation, multiple linear regression, one-way analysis of variance, and Chi-square test by SPSS 22 software.
Findings: The average age of participants was 13.72±0.97 years, with an age range of 12 to 16 years. Also, 22.2% of participants had a family history of osteoporosis. Additionally, 29.2% and 22.6% of the participants reported a history of calcium and vitamin D supplement intake in the last month, respectively. The health belief model constructs accounted for a total of 18.9% of the variance in behavior. Perceived barriers and perceived self-efficacy were identified as the most important predictors of behavior, while other constructs were not significant predictors despite showing significant correlations with behavior.
Conclusion: The constructs of self-efficacy and perceived barriers directly affected nutritional behavior preventing osteoporosis among teenage girls in Ilam City, while another construct had an indirect effect.
 

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Objective: The aim of this study was to construct a pcDNA3.1+ vector containing FMDV type O/IRN/1/2007-VP1 gene, protein expression in BHKT7 cells and evaluation of immune response in BALB/c mice. Materials and Methods: FMDV type O/IRN/1/2007 was isolated from a cattle in Ray in 2007 and serotyped. The purified VP1 gene was sub-cloned into the PTZ57R/T vector and pcDNA3.1+ expression vector. The PCR product of Vp1 gene without stop codon was sub-cloned upstream of EGFP gene into the pEGFP-N1 vector to evaluate VP1-GFP fusion protein expression. The pcDNA3.1-VP1 and pEGFP-VP1 vectors were transfected into BHKT7 cell line. The expression of VP1 protein was evaluated by SDS-PAGE, western blotting and florescent analysis of VP1-GFP fusion protein. The mice were injected subcutaneously by pcDNA3.1-VP1 vector as DNA vaccine and titration of neutralizing antiserum and T cell proliferation assay were done to evaluate the immune response. Results: Insertion of VP1 gene was confirmed by double digestion of sub-cloned PTZ57R/T, pcDNA3.1+ and pEGFP-N1 vectors. The specific band in western blotting was also confirmed the VP1 protein expression in BHKT7 cells. The expression of VP1-GFP fusion protein was observed under the immune-florescent inverted microscopy as more green florescent spots versus expression of GFP protein, alone. The neutralizing antiserum titer and T cell proliferation increased significantly in the group of mice vaccinated with pcDNA3.1+-VP1 vector verses control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the target gene was amplified, cloned in the cloning and expression vectors and protein expression was confirmed successfully. According to the confirmed VP1 protein expression and increasing neutralizing antiserum titer and T cell proliferation by pcDNA3.1+-VP1 vector (P<0.05), it can be used as DNA vaccine against FMDV type O/IRN/2007.

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In comparison to other grammatical categories, the verb is considered as an abstract category. Due to hearing limitations, deaf people make mistakes in using words that have abstract meanings; therefore, to examine the verb category, the authors collected about 4500 sentences in the writings of 10 deaf female students in the second and third grades of middle school during an academic year in Kermanshah province. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usage of the two most frequent verbs "be" and "have" in the participants' writings. Following this goal, two questions arose: a) relating these verbs, what kinds of semantic errors are found in the writings of the deaf? b) What are the effects of the semantic and cognitive natures of these two verbs on the extent to which they are used and on their associated errors? The results of this study showed that the selectional errors (using the verbs "be" and " have" instead of each other or instead of other verbs), Argument structure errors, and adding an extra “be” verb error are the high-frequency errors, respectively. This shows that despite the overuse of these verbs, participants are not aware of their semantic distinctions of them. Furthermore, Along with the Cognitive Grammar doctrine, the authors believe that since imperfective verbs’ component states do not change and are constant over time are used more than other verbs. In addition, little content and highly schematic characterization of the verb “be” are the main reasons for the overuse of this verb.
 

1. Introduction

People with mild to profound hearing loss encounter challenges in acquiring language categories due to lack of language exposure. Verbs, which are crucial components of propositions, are particularly difficult to learn because of their abstract nature. The difficulties in verb retrieval observed in individuals with various language disorders suggest that producing and comprehending verbs require greater cognitive efforts compared to other categories.
The current study aims to examine how verbs are utilized in the written language of the deaf. In other words, the authors aim to determine whether this category is correctly used by deaf participants or not. It is important to mention that conducting detailed examinations of verbs in the writings of deaf people necessitates a broad scope of studies. Therefore, this research is being undertaken to meticulously examine the semantic and cognitive characteristics of two particular verbs in Persian through a cognitive linguistics approach offered by Langacker (1987).
Based on the authors' initial observations, "to be" and "to have," which are classified as "imperfective" verbs, exhibited a higher frequency than other verbs. However, simultaneously, they were linked to a greater number of errors. This research is necessary because there has been no study from a cognitive and semantic perspective examining verbs in the deaf language production.
 Research Question:

1. What types of semantic errors are evident in association with the verbs "to be" and "to have" in the written language of deaf individuals?
2.  what influences do the semantic and cognitive characteristics of these two verbs have on the frequency of their usage and any related errors?

2. Literature Review

Hassani Jalilian (2020) demonstrated that the deaf students utilized less- prototype verbs to a large extent. The abstract nature of the verb category, the semantic characteristics of less prototype verbs, the limited language exposure, and the different social experiences of the individuals were cited as possible explanations for this phenomenon.
Gheitury and Choubsaz (2017) examined the semantic and linguistic knowledge of 12 deaf students through pictorial and written tasks. The study aimed to assess their knowledge of argument structure, which involved determining the number of arguments each verb required. The result revealed that the deaf participants had a satisfactory comprehension of the semantic properties of verbs as well as the number of arguments each verb took.
In their research, Ormel et al. (2020) explored the difference in semantic knowledge between bilingual deaf children and their hearing peers at different ages. They used images, writing, and sign language to evaluate semantic categorization at the exemplar and subcategory level.  The result of their research indicated that, on average, the semantic knowledge of the deaf children was not well-developed compared to their hearing peers.

3. Methodology

3.1 Participants
To conduct the present study, interviews were carried out with 23 deaf and hard of hearing students as well as their parents and their teachers. Then, 10 deaf individuals who were similar in terms of hearing, physical, cultural, and economic factors were chosen. The average age of the selected participants was 17.2 years (SD = 1.13). A control group of hearing peers matched for age and education was also selected. The deaf group were in the second and third grades of middle school. All deaf participants grew up in monolingual (Persian) families and had not used any specific sign language during their childhood. Instead, they used home signs before starting school.

3.2 Data Collection
The data collection process lasted approximately 7 months during an academic year. The data were collected through weekly meetings (each lasting approximately 20-30 minutes). The participants were asked to write compositions about abstract, less abstract, and concrete subjects. The students were given pictures for less abstract and concrete subjects. In addition, when they needed assistance, their teacher would provide explanations and ensure they clearly understood the concept. Overall, 4504 sentences were collected from the deaf group for further analysis.

4. Results

The findings showed that deaf people faced challenges in using the verb category. In the deaf writings verb diversity was significantly low compared to their hearing group. Selectional errors (using the verbs "be" and " have" instead of each other or instead of other verbs), Argument structure errors and adding an extra “be” verb errors were the high frequency errors, respectively. The errors demonstrated that due to the verbs’ abstract nature and requiring more cognitive load, they cannot be acquired naturally by the deaf individuals. 
Another argument that can be put forward for relying heavily on these two verbs is related to the semantic distinctions between the perfective and the imperfective verbs as proposed in Cognitive Grammar. Imperfective verbs, which have a lower semantic content compared to other types of verbs, are easier for the deaf to learn and use.
Based on the entrenchment phenomenon proposed by Langacker (2008), the frequent use of "be" and "have" led to their status as active linguistic units. This means that when deaf individuals do not have the appropriate verbs in mind, they might substitute these verbs instead. It should be acknowledged that the different ways of using verbs by deaf individuals do not imply that they do not comprehend them, since as stated in the Cognitive Grammar, comprehending verbs requires understanding relationships and tracking time, which is a natural cognitive ability among human beings. That is, a deaf person knows the concept of verbs such as "to break" or "to clean," but due to the lack of linguistic experience, s/he cannot learn the corresponding linguistic labels to use them in necessary situations.
 

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In this paper, Free Vibration analysis of truncated conical shell Reinforced with single-walled carbon nanotubes for uniformly distribution (UD), resting on Pasternak elastic foundation, based on the first order shear deformation plate theory is investigated. The rule of mixture is used to effect of the properties of nanotubes in the mentioned structure. Based on the displacement field according to the first order shear deformation theory, after determining the strain components in the curvilinear coordinates and simplifying derived relation, we compute the strain components in conical coordinate. Then, the stress components are derived by the Hook’s law. In the next stage, by computing the total potential energy of system by regarding the effect of Pasternak elastic foundation and regarding the suitable functions for displacements, by applying the Ritz method the natural frequency of system have been derived. At the end, the effect of volume fraction of nanotubes, ratio of thickness to radius of cone, elastic constants and other parameters, on the natural frequency of structure have been investigated. Also, it can be observe close agreements between present results and other papers.

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In this article, indicators of annual energy intensity 13 residential complexes with different characteristics were evaluated and compared. These features include the type of facade, heating and cooling systems, windows, and separate or shared type gas meters are units available in the complex. Introducing selected complexes, specifications hull, heating and cooling systems as well as the energy used in the study and analysis of energy flows in the complex have been discussed. The data processing methodology for calculating the energy consumption rate index have been studied conglomerate. The indices are calculated energy intensity of buildings and structures with different properties in terms of energy intensity compared. Compare energy intensity indicators show that the use of new energy Mtalh like metal siding board (decorative panels) instead facade, windows UPVC windows instead of metal, instead of single-wall and double glass instead of heaters and boilers as well as the use of semi-centralized heating systems or room in the building's energy intensity has considerably decreased. Also, instead of using a separate gas meter gas meter joint, by influencing the behavior of the occupants of the building and create a financial incentive to reduce energy use saves natural gas consumption and decreasing energy intensity building.

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Improvement of bearing capacity of existing foundations is of great significance. There exist many methods for practical purposes. Micropile is one of the most promising methods. Micropile is a replacement pile of small diameter (usually less than 300 millimeter) which is frequently reinforced using steel elements. To construct a micropile, steel reinforcement is placed in the borehole after drilling the borehole and subsequently the grout is injected into it. Micropiles transfer the structural loads to the deeper and stronger layers of the ground and confine settlement (similar to conventional pile foundations). They also improve the mechanical properties of soil layer such as density, bearing capacity, permeability and compressibility. Owing to their advantages, micropiles are widely used as foundations of new structures construction and also for reinforcing the foundation of existing structures. This research aims at experimental investigation of bearing capacity of foundations reinforced with micropiles under the condition of static loading. A small-scale physical model of a foundation reinforced with micropiles was developed and a series of static loading tests were carried out on. The model micropile-foundation was located on loose sand. Density of the underlying soil was kept almost uniform throughout the tests. The foundation model was circular and 100 mm and 5o mm in diameter and thickness, respectively. It was made from polyamide and considered to act as a rigid foundation during the loading owing to its material and thickness. This foundation was reinforced with a group of micropiles with 6 mm and 200 mm in diameter and length, respectively. These model micropiles were made from threaded steel bars. In order to mobilize friction, sand grains were glued to the surface of the micropiles. Various arrangements of micropiles including the number and inclination angle of micropiles were tested. From the comparative examination of the observed behavior of micropile foundations, the influence of micropiles’ arrangement on the mechanism and improvement of bearing capacity of foundation was investigated. Number of micropiles used in the group varied from 2 to 8. Micropiles were inclined at different angles (0°, 15°, 13°, 45° and 60°) to study its influence on the behavior of foundation reinforced with these elements. In order to quantitatively assess the degree of improvement in the bearing capacity of surface foundations reinforced with micropiles, an index R called “Network Index” was introduced in this study. The index R of unity means that the bearing capacity of foundations reinforced with micropiles is simply equal to the summation of the individual value of the surface foundation and that of the micropile group. There is an upward trend in the rate of index R when the number of micropiles is increased. On the other hand, in high numbers of micropiles used to reinforce the foundation, index R declines with increasing of inclination angle. In the case of micropiles with low-inclination-angle being implemented, bearing capacity is improved remarkably; an index R of 1.997 is achieved in this study where 8 micropiles inclined at an angle of 15° were used to reinforce the foundation.

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Research studies on new financial products development in the capital markets of Islamic countries and Iran have often focused on the technical and shari'ah (religious) design of financial products and neglected the marketing approach to the New Product Development (NPD). The purpose of this research is to explore important categories and determine their relationships in order to provide a model for developing new financial products in the capital market of Iran with a marketing approach. In this qualitative research, the grounded theory strategy was used to design the research model. To identify academic-executive new products experts in the capital market, snow-ball sampling were used and after 14 interviews, theoretical saturation was obtained. The collected data were implemented in Word software and analyzed using Maxqda software. The research data were analyzed in three stages: open coding (712 descriptive codes), axial coding and selective coding. The findings show that the final model consists of 6 main categories, 20 subcategories and 129 abstract concepts. The most frequent concepts were respectively intervening conditions (69 codes), causal conditions (15 codes), strategies (13 codes), contextual conditions (12 codes), core phenomenon and outcomes (each of them 10 codes). The “stages” of new financial product development were identified as core phenomenon of the model. The research findings show that capital market managers and policy makers need to pay attention to all categories of causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, strategies and outcomes of new product development, and take a marketing and multifaceted approach to new financial products development.

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The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the subjective patterns of managers and experts of Iranian Fisheries Organization regarding organizational transformation. The research was carried out with the participation of a number of managers and experts of the Fisheries Organization who were selected by a purposeful sampling approach. The main research method for collecting the required data was in-depth interview. After reviewing and summarizing 75 statements extracted from the interviews, 41 statements were finally selected as Q samples. After sorting Q statements, exploratory factor analysis and varimax rotation approach were employed to identify subjective patterns. The results revealed that five different subjective patterns can be identified among the managers and experts of the Iranian Fisheries Organization regarding the organizational transformation, which explained 72.87% of the total variance in the factor analysis model. The results of factor analysis indicated that the subjective patterns identified included participatory policies, capacity development and change management, appropriate organizational structures, incentives for change, and clarification of financial and administrative affairs. In the end, it was recommended that it was very important to develop more units and mechanisms within the organization for communication and interaction with other actors. Rereading and amending the regulations related to the support of the information system in the organization is an undeniable necessity that can develop and institutionalize the teamwork culture in the fisheries organization. In addition, the results of the present study can facilitate the organizational transformation and ultimately increase the success and responsiveness of the fisheries organization.

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The sugar beet crop has always been attacked by various pests and diseases. Rhizomania viral disease, which has spread in different regions of sugar beet cultivation, has become a disease of prime importance for the crop in the last three decades. Resistant cultivar usage is the only reliable way to manage rhizomania disease. In order to identify promising genotypes, eleven sugar beet genotypes with natural infection to rhizomania, in a company with three controls, were assessed in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The experiment was conducted in six research stations of Karaj, Khoy, Kermanshah, Mashhad, Miandoab, and Shiraz for two cropping seasons (2020 and 2021). Based on the rhizomania score, all genotypes had acceptable resistance to the disease. The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) stability analysis illustrated that the first five principal components were significant and specified 88.8% of the total genotype by environment interaction variance. Gen-7, Gen-10, Gen-11, and Gen-2 were selected as stable genotypes based on the AMMI model. Genotype plus Genotype by Environment Interaction (GGE) biplot results also confirmed the superiority of Gen-10 and Gen-11 regarding sugar yield and stability in disease-infected environments. According to the results of the Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI), genotypes Gen-4, Gen-1, Gen-2, and Gen-11 were identified as stable genotypes under rhizomania-infected conditions. By applying different stability measurement methods, in addition to identifying the genotypes’ adaptation to different environments, accurate decisions for future breeding or cultivar registration can be achieved.