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Mnemiopsis leidyi population activities first were recorded during the coastal observations in 2001 in which its population considerably increased afterward and now sustained the southern Caspian Sea. Maximum summer-autumn M. leidyi abundance was recorded in euphotic layer in 2002 (851±85 ind.m^-3) and maximum biomass was in 2001 with 48.1±14.4 g.m^-3) while minimum were in aphotic layer. In years 2003 to 2011, M. leidyi abundance and biomass sharply declined to 1-843 ind.m^-3 and 0.07-37.7 g.m^-3, respectively. The length-frequency distribution of Mnemiopsis showed larval, juveniles and transitional stages that made up 98.6% of the total population. In the southern Caspian Sea, Acartia tonsa was the highest number of mesozooplankton species (36 species) which decreased tenfold after Mnemiopsis invasion during 2001-2010. Fecundity experiments of Mnemiopsis showed the average of 8 eggs. day^-1, with a maximum of 35 eggs.day^-1which increased with increasing body length. The main food was larger amounts of zooplankton prey such as copepodites and adult of A. tonsa. It seems the sharp decreased of Mnemiopsis abundance could be related the decreasing of ova reproduction; and food ability is the main reasons of M. leidyi sustained in the southern Caspian Sea. The objective of present study was to provide information about parameters influencingthe M. leidyi decreased after initial bloom invasion in the southern Caspian Sea.

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The current Internet inherently has a degree of survivability due to the connection less IP Protocol. Dynamic routing Protocols are designed to react to faults by changing routes when routers learn about topology changes via routing information updates (e.g., link status advertisements). Loss of Quality of service (QoS) has not been an issue because current Internet traffic is the best-effort. On the contrary, the multi protocol label switching (MPLS) approach is connection-oriented, which implies greater potential vulnerability to faults. At the same time, MPLS will support integrated services, which are more sensitive to loss of service. Reliability is becoming more important as more users depend on the internet for critical communication services and expect a higher level of performance. Usually, fault recovery is attempted first at the lowest layer, and escalated to the next layer if recovery was unsuccessful or impossible. Fault recovery capabilities in the MPLS layer are needed as well to decouple MPLS from dependence on physical layer fault recovery mechanisms which may differ between networks. This paper proposes an enhanced-scheme for fast rerouting to pre-assigned label-switched paths (LSPs) in case of LSP or link failures. In order to minimize backup resources, it allows possibility of splitting traffic of faulty LSP onto available alternative LSPs for fault recovery. We use Pre-assigned backup LSPs for restoration, when fault occurs. Total traffic throughput and resource utilization can be maximized if the traffic of faulty LSP is split over multiple pre-assigned LSPs. In this paper a new approach to providing fault tolerance in MPLS networks using case-based reasoning (CBR) as a method to find out the amount of traffic forwarded on each pre-assigned LSP based on past experiences of loading process is presented. The pre-assigned LSPs and the percentage of traffic splitting are calculated off-line based on desired QoS and capacity constraints. Also we evaluate the operation of successful decomposition of traffic based on the two mentioned constraints by using CBR, when the number of backup LSPs as a complexity factor increase. In another point of view, in cases when there is no possibility of using the experiences successfully, there would be no other way than using the erroneous unsuccessful experiences. We thus solved our recovery problem by using, first incorrect databases in our experiments, to moving later towards decreasing the error rate in a gradual manner.

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Targeting followed by pattern making and planning to reach to goals is a necessity in all societies. Urban planning, as a subject expressing interactions between mankind, culture, living style and environment, plays an important role in reaching to the Islamic society goals along with keeping the original identity and promoting the culture and ethics, and consequently is very important in preparing a local model based on the Islamic teachings appropriate to the Islamic-Iranian context. Islam has paid special attention to social issues; just do not discuss individual aspects only. Way to achieve prosperity has been the establishment of an Islamic community and Change and growth, resulting in a society where people of all decisions and activities have been. In the Quran, Allah does not change the destiny of any nation unless they themselves. Issues such as community participation, social justice and components - such as these are placed on the social dimension of the Quran and hadiths emphasize. On the other hand Iran has long ago been important social issues and it has Construction of public buildings in the city and had a significant role. In this paper, after reviewing the literature about the social aspects of urban planning, we explained the social components of Islamic-Iranian urban planning pattern of progress. Accordingly, factors like security, social justice, health, neighborhood etc. were introduced as the important elements in social considerations of Islamic-Iranian urban planning pattern, based on Islamic teachings and Islamic-Iranian urban planning history and background .Each of the components of the urban social Iran - Islamic has a different degree of importance,some components may all components in its place and Or even creator them to be. The components and their corresponding degree of importance based on Islamic perspectives are examined. The social concepts such as privacy, health, social justice, security, peace and tranquility and also emphasized the teachings of Islam and the Islamic Republic of Iran has been in the planning And can serve as guides and tips for Islamic and Iranian urban spaces, enhanced quality of life, increased social interaction, participation of residents in the neighborhood, social justice and economic prosperity can be used. Create a semantic framework that is based on the principles expressed in the social body based on the ideas of God and to lead. Therefore, the physical space of architecture and urbanism in shaping the framework and components manufacturer must identify and examine their relationships and to build on the structure of the physical space of cities. Urban planning, urban design, architecture and industrial design matters and social climate will affect the Iranian Islamic cities. These components are not only social prosperity,social equity,increase physical qualities, enhancing the sense of belonging to the environment, but also contribute to the increased value of land, recreating the old quarters of cities and economic issues influence is remarkable.Urban pattern recognition component of Islamic and Iranian decision-makers and decision-makers, the public,and what to get rid of the confusion of spiritual and material life of man,it is important to define it.

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Abstract
Research Subject: In recent years, the use of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) in polymer nanocomposites has attracted considerable attention. Dispersion state of GnPs in the polymer matrix has a great importance which can affect microstructure and final properties of nanocomposite. Therefore, in the present work, the effect of compatibilizer on the dispersion state of GnPs and also on internal structure, orientation, and tensile properties of polypropylene (PP)/GnPs nanocomposite fibers are investigated.
Research Approach: PP/GnPs nanocomposite fibers containing 0.1% and 0.5% GnPs with and without maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) were melt spun. Dispersion state and location of GnPs in the nanocomposite fibers were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Fiber orientation and crystallinity were studied by polarized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Moreover, fracture behaviour of PP/GnPs nanocomposite fibers was investigated by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of tensile fractured samples. Using Halpin-Tsai model, experimental tensile moduli of fibers were compared with the predicted values. 
Main Results: TEM images show that in the compatibilized PP/MA/GnPs nanocomposite fibers, GnPs aggregates decrease and their size also reduces, suggesting that GnPs dispersion improved. An increase in L_p of the compatibilized sample recorded from SAXS analysis indicates that the more GnPs are located in the intrafibrillar region. Based on polarized FTIR and DSC results, orientation and crystallinity of PP/G0.5 nanocomposite fiber are found to significantly increase after inclusion of PP-g-MA. Moreover, reinforcing effect of GnPs in PP/MA/GnPs nanocomposite fibers could be explained by better GnPs dispersion and changes in internal structure of fiber. Furthermore, the tensile fracture behavior of PP/GnPs nanocomposite fiber changes from ductile to brittle in the presence of PP-g-MA.

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Research subject: In recent years, researchers have proposed various methods for gas separation because of rising greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and causing enormous environmental problems. One of the newest and emerging methods is membrane gas separation. In the last decade, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have received much attention due to their ability to successful separation of polar gases from mixtures.
Research approach: In this study, a novel two-component mixed matrix membrane was prepared by incorporating the nickel zinc iron oxide nanoparticles into the Pebox polymer matrix. This is owing to combination the unique features of Pebax copolymer such as high mechanical strength and gas permeability, with nanoparticle properties as considerable permeability and selectivity, and appropriate mechanical and thermal stability. The gas permeability test was performed for pristine membrane and MMMs at 35 °C and pressure range from 2 to 10 bar. Fabricated membranes were also evaluated by FESEM, FTIR-ATR, DSC and XRD tests
Main results: Results demonstrated that in the case of the optimum membrane with 1 wt.% of filler loading and at 10 bar, the CO₂ permeability was increased about 128% and reached to 278 Barrer, compared to pristine membrane. However, the CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂ selectivities were improved by 175 and 183 percent, respectively. This superior results was due to the presence of iron, nickel, and zinc atoms in the filler structure, which resulted in a better interaction with CO₂. On the other hand, the presence of CO₂-friendly segments in the Pebax structure caused much higher CO₂ permeability in comparison with other light gases.

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Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV, Potyvirus, Potyviridae) causes serious disease in Gladiolus spp. In this work, the possibility of obtaining BYMV free plant material from virus infected gladiolus corms was studied. Thermotherapy, meristem-tip culture and combination of both techniques on infected corms/meristem-tip explants (0.5–1 mm in length) resulted in BYMV elimination up to 15.38, 78.04 and 86.66%, respectively, as determined by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR). Individual virus-free shoots readily rooted in vitro and were transferred to corm formation medium. The results showed that thermotherapy promotes the survival rate of explants during meristem-tip culture steps (except regeneration step) and also plantlet acclimatization. Statistical analysis showed that the BYMV elimination in gladiolus corms was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) affected by thermotherapy treatment of infected corms. Thermotherapy combined with meristem culture can greatly improve BYMV elimination efficiency from infected gladiolus corms, resulting in the production of BYMV free gladiolus plants.

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Allegorical stories indicate the originality and antiquity of the literature of each nation.One of these stories is the report of "the recommendation of father to the solidarity of children with the allegory of their bodily strength in breaking the connected woods”.The aim of this project is to show the verse and prose clues of this story in arabic and persian literature and after the retelling and comparison of each sources, the plot of the story is described and identified in each narratives with a structural view to find out to what extent the narratives were faithful to the first quotations of the story.
 The description and analyses are other similar and different aspects of these narratives have been also done in detail.
The most important result of this study which was conducted based on comparison- comparative method explained that the message of all narratives are similar and is "invitation to solidarity and the phrase invitation to silidarity and integration and the avoidance of division". However, the plot of the story is not the same in persian and arabic sources. Furthermore, the oldest source of this story in arabic literature is a book called "Vasaya Almolouk" and in persian literature "Rahatolsodor".

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Introduction
Spatial court in the city, management, distribution and distribution of space services and urban possibilities, special attention e-mail. In the discussion of equality and equality, none of the urban groups and classes of residents have a tendency to oppose each other and they provide equal treatment for everyone, regardless of social and economic status, for access to general urban services. For this reason, this topic, as it prevents the accumulation of possibilities and urban services in one area, the polarization of the city space and social inequalities, it makes access to the possibilities in the city for everyone. In accordance with this, the present research is aimed at assessing the spatial justice in the distribution of services and urban possibilities in the palaces of eight Shahr, Tehran.
Methodology
The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library and documentation methods. The data used in this research are the data that have been extracted from urban areas. In order to analyze the information, in the first stage, using the entropy scale, balance (equality) or disequilibrium (inequality), each of the uses has been analyzed and then proceeded to rank the 13 palaces, regions. And the level of utilization of urban services and possibilities using the Cocoso model has been used for ranking the regions
Result and discussion
Since the globalization of cities and the urbanization of the world is the most prominent feature of the twenty-first century. Especially fortunately, the growth of urbanization in the majority of cities in the developing countries is more rapid. Various (housing, traffic, pollution, urban identity, commercial land, unsustainable land use, etc.) have been faced.
Land, as a limited, scarce and non-renewable commodity, in the face of rapid urban development and increasing collective demand, is transformed into an expensive and profitable commodity, as a result of which it is considered as a means of commerce for the purpose of securing profit and general welfare and improving the standard of living. Special groups are declared and cause many social, economic and environmental problems.
Based on these problems and difficulties of the current urbanization in this research with a radical and critical approach based on theories related to justice and spatial equality, after identifying and analyzing urban land use conditions, types and programs derived from them, the percentage of their realization. Reasons and forces influencing their realization or non-realization, as well as the space produced, the positive or negative spatial-spatial effects resulting from them. Perhaps the most important concern that prompted me to address this matter is the chaotic and confused situation in the suburbs of the three districts and the palaces of the third district of the eight city of Tehran in recent years.
The conditions are not improving, they are getting worse day by day. The situation of overcrowding and non-distribution of inappropriate uses, which have arisen due to major reasons, have led this region to a state of chaos. The urban land has been transformed into a bubble with the expansion of the stock market, the dimensions of which are getting bigger and bigger every day. Since the use of urban land is the core of urban planning, based on this assumption, it is possible to understand the root problems and spatial problems of the current urban area.
Conclusion
The results obtained indicate the imbalance in the distribution of spatial services and urban possibilities. Based on the results of the entropy method, cultural quality with a weight of 0.463 has won the first rank. Sports quality with a weight of 0.255 has won the second rank and green space quality with a weight of 0.153 has won the third rank. According to the Cocoso  model and according to the results, Kerman district has won the first rank, Fadak has won the second rank and Wahidiya has won the third rank. Therefore, the eastern region and its palaces, which are located in District 1 and part of District Two, are in a better condition than the western region, where the palaces of District Three are located.

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emergence of new technologies especially information and communication technologies leads to forming a new approach in the government that is called electronic government. E-government has changed the way and quality of providing services to citizens. E-government has three generations which its third generation is called smart government that indeed is the main purpose of the e-government. Although most of countries are transitioning from first generation of e-government (i.e. informationalization) to second generation (i.e. electronic transformation) but few countries are transitioning to third generation (i.e. smart government).  The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive framework in order to deploy a smart government and analyze the related policies, laws, rules and regulations of the country in terms of coverage of the proposed framework's dimensions. For this purpose, document analysis method with systematic review of the literature and comparing different researches results were used. Base on those studies a new framework composed of two layers and eight dimensions is provided for smart government deployment which citizens are in the center of the framework. Then using qualitative content analysis method with inductive approach, related policies, laws, rules and regulations of Iran were analyzed and dimensions which require more attention were identified. Finally, policy recommendations are provided for policy makers in order to develop smart government on Iran.

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Every unit which has identity for purposes of role and outward appearance in the geographical space, and its location of the place in the space that is specified, it could be accounted as a building that settlement should be figured as a type of these units. Housing, as one of the basic needs of mankind, has economical, social, and cultural characteristics. Being multidimensional, housing has found its place in the priorities of human life. Meanwhile, development of urban society has found its roots in the rural way of life. Rural housing due to its functional role and its underlying effects on the everyday›s life reserves its own special importance. The rural housing has a remarkable differences to city housing not only from outward appearance aspects but also from respected contains. These differences could be found only by study of compatibility of them with the around natural environment and different housing functions compatible with the environment and villagers activities and besides that the traditional experiences of construction. The rural houses for their residents prepare the necessary spaces for living, store of food and other articles, the place for domestic animals, and a place as a community center for communications, exchange of views and so on. In reality components and spaces forms the elements of house of residential unit and eventually define the functions of rural houses. The rural houses have different functions. The study and investigation of architecture and structures of rural houses not only can recognize the circumstances of construction and experiences of formers in the architectural harmony with the environment and climate but also can be as a light in the improvement road of rural houses in front of responsible persons and experts. In the investigation and recognition of rural settlements, typology of villages in one of the objects that for ease of rural development planning always should be considered. In principal, the rural typology is one of the main rural geographical subjects. Diversity in the type of villages is a consequence of differences of factors and phenomena which has been effective in coming into existence of villages. In human subjects, type of villages as compared with (with regard to) physical factors is more effective of the social and economic structures of villages, although the physical factors also play their role. The spatial establishment model of rural settlements for the reason of dependence of its most productive activities. The natural conditions and factors, more than the urban settlements can be influenced by these factors. The public fabric of rural settlements states the shape, form and model that are resulted from influence of different factors in the village land and the method of connection and interaction of these elements and their characteristics. In this manner, the skeleton fabric of these settlements is the representation of the disciplined method of houses and establishment of agricultural land and also quality of setting the roads and squares (road system) next to each other (saeidi, 53 ,2002). Distinction and differentiation of density rate and shape (form) of each village can help the nature recognition and also the social – economical differences that are ruling it. In this matter, rural housing is manifestation place of livelihood – living methods and eventually forces and environmental key factors and social- economical trends are effective on shaping up them. In this research, the method of study is based on field and document study, that documental method is including written document in the area of rural life and statistical resources. In the field study method for investigation of housing characteristics in the rural fabric, four principal methods of cluster sampling have been used. In this cluster category, it is tried the majority methods and also the ones from space point of view are usable and it is possible to use them in making model and repair for preservation of rural culturalheritage should be chosen. In choosing some models, regional native characteristics are considered in a way that housing as an outcome and product of architecture with the climatic conditioning of the zones are harmonized. Settlements of Semnan province in regard of natural environment characteristics and also from extent and population is confronted by the diversity. In this manner, for sampling, at the beginning, settlements of province based on population and four separated cities have been categorized in four population zones. Then for the reason of natural limitation establishment and forming of the settlements that following it in the fabric whole construction and rural housing has had remarkable influence. Four zones of villages in each city of province from natural establishment model point of view have been divided in three mountainous, hillside and flat zones. The results of investigations show that position and climatic geographic characteristics have a significant role in rural housing fabric and outward appearance and forming model of spaces, function of rural housing and types of construction materials of housing fabric of village which have been used with the native traditions and public recognition of material production technology and implementation of efficient models in the architecture of building housing have been continuous and sustainable. Investigation of rural housing architecture as a guide can play a role in development and improvement of rural housing in front of planners and experts. In this article, investigation of rural housing characteristics in three zones of flat, hillside and mountainous have been done and recognition and investigation of some of the housing models in each zone, the internal form and function of rural housing and the type of materials that have been used in houses. In this research, choosing some of the models with the pre-assumption that is being efficient and also possibility of copying of model along with construction and with repair and rehabilitation of housing in rural fabric provides the possibility of harmony of housing with climate for residents. The results of investigations show that situation, geographic factors and characteristics have a significant role in development of architecture models proportional to climate in each zone and rural housing outward appearance has formed proportional to them. Based on investigations that have been done in the region of study of housing units regarding to extent, form, shape and different spaces of each housing unit have been divided in three kinds of main spaces and the type of establishment and directional spaces are influenced by natural conditions that common model of space making in each of the zone in establishment of space model and choosing direction related to radiation and wind that get into shape. Also, materials and the type of construction materials that are used in housing fabric which is depending on natural environment and has a great support of native material. The role of the yard in every three zones in the organizing of spaces has been effective and common face of all the models. Also veranda in hillside and mountainous zones has a remarkable role between human and environment in outward appearance and fabric of some villages in aesthetics point of view and also in climatic has been significant. Some of the important materials that are used in housing are sun-dried brick, stone, brick and wood that have direct relation with regional native and geographic conditions. The other important point in rural architecture is the good interaction and the housing and influence of native and cultural characteristics of builders of buildings that shows their role in simplicity and clearness of spaces also the possibility of alternation and floating of activity in spaces and models could be seen. Product of this approach produces native architecture and harmony with climate that should be seen between human and nature and also can be found identicalness with architecture.

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Introduction
The construction and use of ganat introduce a historical ground and a widespread civilization. It has been common in the central plateau of Iran for centuries and has been the origin of some developments.
Ganat has revealed the climax of art in Iranian developments as well as the technical and aesthetic aspects of it on the ground surface and underground layers.
The investigation of this wonderful phenomenon before and after Islam in Iran has been a source of creation of buildings that introduces and conveys reflection of beliefs and material - moral values. This value has reflected in dealing with form and content layers of society, especially in urbanism and architecture, and introduces the life style that makes acquaintance and ideology harmonious and concordant with new order. In a manner that intellectual atmosphere with wisdom, has founded life and soul spreading in urban society.
The ganat formation has associated with cultural and historical influences. This useful research has investigated the brief information of formation history and influence of this wonderful phenomenon in sustainability of human societies, and it makes accessible the quantitative and qualitative situations of ganat influence in the creation of some public utility buildings in historical fabrics.
Literature Review
Construction and exploiting of qanat introduce a change of civilization that has a source of coming to existence on nations and cultures from east to west of world. The first steps in all areas of enjoying of water returns to ancient days and have been mixed to the proportion of that days’ people knowledge. In addition, the Islamic – Iranian culture shows the holiness of water in a manner that more than explanation of holy Quran verses and Islamic narratives and allegory, metaphor and symbolic shows main role.
The Islamic – Iranian culture and also Islamic narratives have believed in special value and place for water. Also the role of presence and manifestation of qanat technology at different places makes double the value of space in architecture and urbanism, because the water conversion technology of underground layers to surface has been enjoyed from contortion and discipline by exploitation of qanat knowledge.
Qanat as a city vital artery has been introduced that exploitation of it in city infrastructures establishment has been able to create and influence the architecture and urbanism horizontal development in central plateau of Iran. Such a role related to qanat has formed the construction of some public utilities buildings such as: water supplies, water gates, public bathrooms, drinking fountains and … which have been more distinguished. Furthermore the influence which qanat has had in promotion and efficient of urban fabric and also the socioeconomic (agricultural) development have been noticed.
City and architecture of Yazd with the reason of strong connection to place specialties among them relation and tie that institute with water, are under influence of exploitation method and situation of qanats a lot.
So that the corridors of urban development, establishment methods of water supply, public bathroom and water gates are main elements of district and different symbols of architecture are influenced by the situations.
In fact this subject can explain this theory, that whatever is flowing underground, over ground and on the surface of earth, has formed the creation of architecture and urbanism.
The influence of qanat in urban development forms behind the infrastructures, in a manner that its role has appeared either for providing drinking water and consumption of urban residents or in agricultural development that its role also has been companion in the way sometimes with existence and water flowing in urban fabrics and has caused the fundamental changes in relation with architecture and nature.
Methodology
The methodology in this research is based on documentary studies and field references, that documentary research method includes written documents in the qanat forming area as one of the vernacular technologies that has role in creation of some public utilities buildings such as: water supply, public bathrooms and water gate. The field research method includes the influence of qanat in the urban structure with dealing forms and procedure. In the middle of Yazd city is one of the patterns that qanat influence area in the urban form structure, regions and districts in it has formed a better visualized appearance and as a case study is capable of investigation. Also recognition of more than three thousand series of qanats makes sense value double.
Results
The result of this study defines that qanat as one of the vernacular technologies has determined the vital artery and infrastructure of forming cities. The organization of cities and public buildings which are rooted in culture and historical – religious traditions of Iran demonstrate the role of qanat in the development of buildings. Furthermore, the qanats have been multipurpose; some have been constructed just for farming, some others for drinking and still others, after passing through the city an refreshing the neighborhood, were used for farming.

Discussion and conclusion
The recognition of qanat has not only technical aspect but also has cultural value. Qanat construction has been one of the technologies that it has formed foundation of a civilization. So the different layers of history, culture and economy of time and place of society and / or civilization can be accessible by qanat recognition.
The necessity of optimum investigation of urban development shows necessary the optimum output in the vernacular structures investigation. Apart from investigation of hot and dry climate of region and central plateau of Iran, the quantity and quality life of region especially villages as development discipline cells subjected to exploitation and recognition of qanat capability in the ground furnishing of cities and villages development. Construction and exploitation of qanat, in addition to lots of difficulties, also as a safe and sustainable choice in central plateau development of Iran, has been declared.
The special geography situation of Iran and shortage of water in central plateau of Iran, has guided scientists of architecture and urbanism area to pursue some methods for useful profit and also true Islam with referring to many verses of Quran and narratives, has given holiness and more depth to this culture. So that before Islam, the architecture has been going after water and has been finding comfort beside it and after Islam the architect was leading water towards inside the architecture.
The influence of qanat in a vernacular architecture and urbanism has been in a manner that in addition to private buildings, the public buildings have formed around qanat route in firm organization and development of urban fabric has come to true. Also preservation of qanats limits and prevention of demolition of them is the most important actions of city’s administrators that taking care of them is necessary at all times.
The educational and research centers in the area of introducing and establishment of qanat value as a phenomenon of civilization builder, lead the scientific activities a direction that in the Islamic-Iranian architecture and urbanism area, the technical values are investigated and recognized. This research has investigated only a negligible aspect of the subject that recognition and influence of and qanat in the historical fabrics and development of cities and villages in past can be another subject for research and investigation.

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This study focuses on the effective aspects of the audience's belief in characters as crechers in the selected works from narrative literature and animated films. In this regard, the collective memory and the factors affecting its memory and its communication function are investigated in the personality components of the animated feature film that are aimed at the cognition, belief and interest of the audience. In addition, given the need to find a suitable place for the personality of Iranian animated filmmakers who can compete with popular characters from a global audience point of view, the researcher needs to study and understand the personality components and factors influencing personality. It examines and recognizes the main characteristics of personality belief in the audience and its process in memory. The question of how personality is processed according to the collective memory of the audience is examined and answered qualitatively by content analysis with a descriptive-interpretive approach based on theories of psychologists such as Carl Gustav Jung, Alfred Adler, as well as researchers such as Victoria Grace Walden. given. In order to address the issue of collective memory functions in dealing with audience believability, it is necessary to analyze the narratives and visual works in this field by examining and analyzing the selected characters in the story and then the nature of the personality and the factors affecting memory.

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Objective: Among the members of legionellaceae, Legionella Pneumophila is involved in 95% of cases of severe pneumonia. Isolation of the causative agent from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimen is a delicate process and also time-consuming. Moreover, it has been shown that some Legionella strains may be viable but cannot be cultured. The aim of this study was comparison of culture and PCR for detection of Legionella pneumophila from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimens Materials and Methods: In this study, 70 BAL fluid specimens were collected from patients suspected to Legionnaires’ disease. These samples were cultured on selective buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar (BCYE) and then tested with specific L. pneumophila primers for mip gene. Results: Among 70 BAL samples, three (4.2%) were positive with culture and six (8.4%) of specimens were positive by PCR. The three culture positive samples were all positive after specific DNA amplification. Among 63 culture-negative samples, 3 were positive after amplification. The clinical features of the patients were in accordance with legionellosis. Conclusion: The accurate diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila has an important implication for the treatment of infection. Analysis of the results showed that PCR is faster and more sensitive for isolation and identification of L. pneumophila to apply on BAL fluid specimens than culture. Therefore, specific Legionella PCR can be a good option for isolation and identification of Legionella pneumophila from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimens in patient of severe pneumonia

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There is not enough information about postharvest physiological behavior and optimum storage temperature of cultivated persimmons in Karaj region of Iran. In this study, persimmon fruit, cv. Karaj, was harvested at mature stage and was treated with hot waters at 45 and 50°C for 20, 30 and 45 min. Besides, one lot of fruit was bathed at 25°C for 30 min as control treatment. The physiological behaviors of treated fruits were monitored during 4 months storage at 0, 2 and 5°C. Results showed that severity of symptoms, such as; skin browning index, fruit softening, fungal disease incidence and loss of color indices (L*, a*, b*), were higher in storage at 2 and 5°C than storage at 0°C. Therefore, ʻKarajʼ persimmon was tolerant to 0°C for storing purpose. On the other hand, hot water treatments at 45°C for 30 and 45 min and 50°C for 20 min maintained fruit firmness and color properties, and controlled disease incidence better than that of control and hot water treatment at 45°C for 20 min. However, hot water treatment at 50°C for 30 and 45 min, in spite of maintaining suitable colour properties, contrary with other effective treatments caused to fruit skin browning and had notociable fungal disease. Therefore, hot water treatments at 45°C for 30 and 45 min and 50°C for 20 min are the recommendable treatments for increasing postharvest life of Karaj persimmon.  

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Mutation in microbial strains to increase coenzyme Q₁₀ production is one of the successful strategies for strain development. Therefore, in this study, the production of coenzyme Q₁₀ by Gluconobacter oxydans H621 was investigated through chemical mutation with nitrosoguanidine using the response surface methodology. Nitrosoguanidine was used to induce mutations at different concentrations (2.79 - 4.21 mg/mL) and treatment times (11.89 – 33.12 minutes), which was designed by a central composite design. The detection of mutant strains was investigated through their ability to grow in medium containing 160 μg/mL of menadione. The mutant strains were then examined for coenzyme Q₁₀ and dry cell weight production. The results showed that no mutant strains were obtained at a concentration of 4 mg/ml and above. The highest number of mutant colonies was obtained at a concentration of 2.79 mg/mL of nitrosoguanidine and treatment time of 22.5 minutes. It was also found that the concentration of nitrosoguanidine was effective on mutagenesis but the treatment time had a little effect. The mutant strain that was able to produce the highest amount of coenzyme Q₁₀ produced 5.2 mg/L, which was twice as much as the parent strain. According to the results of this study, it is concluded that by inducing mutation using nitrosoguanidine, mutant strains can be generated in Gluconobacter oxydans H621 that are able to produce more coenzyme Q₁₀ than the parent strain.

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Aims: The credit system is in the focal point of the attention of the design philosophy. The main purpose of the research is to identify the view point of the Allameh Tabatabai, for analyzing the functions of the credit system and perceptual device, in architectural design process. It is to improve the performance of designers and architects.

Methods: The process of perception has been explained by the philosophers in a more comprehensive way than other related sciences. Meanwhile, the problem of the existence and the way of formation of the basic assumptions of the perceptual system is the challenging problem of the research. The logical argumentation research paradigm, the descriptive-documentary methodology have been adopted with qualitative-quantitative research approaches to outline the the view point of the Allameh Tabatabai.

Findings: The findings of the research show that understanding the phenomena and the process of transforming human's peripheral and internal contents into knowledge is an extremely multifaceted and wide-ranging issue. What and how we think are among the desiners’ dellima toward architectural design process, but most of the experts in the field of design and architecture have also shown favor to the view point of the Allameh Tabatabai.

Conclusion: Allameh Tabatabai confirmed the existence of this important sub-system in the mental system and described the process of its formation in a completely argumentative philosophical statement. He named this knowledge package the “credit system” and recognizes it as one of the sub-sections of the perception system as a part of conceptual recognition system.

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Present study were investigated to evaluation the quality parameters in drying of Aloe vera in three temperatures (40, 50, 60 °C), air velocity (0.5, 1, 1/5 m/s) and hot air recycling (0, 50 and 75%) in order to reduce waste. The results showed that with increasing temperature, the samples showed less resistance to color change. The highest difference dried gel was at 70 °C so that the increasing air velocity and temperature was increased this index. Also, the maximum change pH and shrink were obtained to be 0.58 and 86.2%, at 60 °C and 1.5m/s respectively in case without recycling hot air, while its minimum value 0.3 and 70.6% were at 40 °C and 0.5m/s in case with 75% recycling hot air, respectively. The maximum value of rehydration water was obtained to be 301%  at 40 °C and 0.5 m/s in case with 75% recycling hot air, while its minimum value 199%  were at 60 °C and 1.5m/s in case without recycling hot air.

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The research aimed at mathematical modeling, kinetics and energy consumption of a hot air dryer with air recycle (0, 50%, and 75%). A hot-air dryer capable of recycling the exhaust air was used. The experimental data were fitted to standard thin-layer drying models in MATLAB 2007. The best model was selected according to the coefficient of correlation (R²), chi-square (c²) and root mean squares error (RMSE). These indices showed that the Midilli et al. model has the best fit for explaining the experimental data. The required energy was minimum at 0.5 m/s and 60˚C for 0%, 50% and 75% recycled air levels and was maximum at 1.5 m/s and 40˚C for all recycling levels. The hot-air recirculating system also reduced energy requirements and increased the drying time for aloe vera.

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The interest for the spatial dimensions of agricultural development has been recently increased. This paper aimed at redefining the spatial patterns of agriculture to formulate appropriate strategies based on regional potentials. A Composite Agricultural Development Indicator (CADI), which is useful for the identification of spatial structure, has been developed. The developed composite Index (CI) includes five dimensions of Agricultural Development: (1) social-cultural, (2) structural-farming, (3) technical-management, (4) economical-financial, and (5) infrastructural-services and consists of 87 indicators selected at the county level. Indicators were normalized according to a coherent framework and using the division by means technique and were combined via weightings derived from Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The evaluation of agricultural development based on desired CADI was used to map the spatial development patterns at county level. Province counties are compared and ranked in order to show the spatial gap between them. Then, spatial development patterns were divided into three zones based on CADI. Results showed that the nature of spatial agricultural development firstly depends on the service and infrastructural development and secondly on utilization of natural and physical endowments.