---

This research aims to survey the cultural status of clubs in the Persian Gulf Pro League. This research is a type of grounded theory research. The present study is of applied type. In terms of location, the scope of the research included all the professional football league clubs across the country. All interviewees were chosen voluntarily and purposefully. Sampling was done with the snowball technique, and a total of 25 elite football players were interviewed in depth—the data analysis process was based on the Strauss-Corbin model. Then, MAXQDA12 software was used for qualitative analysis of the interviews. Results showed that the current cultural status of the clubs is in the very bad category, and more work should be done to improve it in the future. Also, regarding the solutions to enhance the cultural status of the clubs, the following answers were found, which are: strengthening and reforming the management process, providing information and proper education and training, correct planning and legislation and its strict implementation, exercising supervision and control, distance From materialism and result orientation, using authentic Iranian Islamic culture, increasing budget and facilities, using domestic and foreign experiences, professionalism and updating football, helping to solve the general and contextual problems of society and establishing communication between different classes. Therefore, by implementing these solutions for Iranian football clubs, we can try to improve the cultural level of the clubs at least at the same level as their technical level and display a worthy and dignified culture of Islam and Iran in the region and the world.

---

One of the projects in the department of physical education at the ministry of Education is the school sport Olympiads, which will require the development of government funds and other sectors to achieve the project's further benefits and goals. Therefore, this research aims to provide a model for the development of financial resources for the school sports Olympiad. The present study has applied exploratory purposes. In terms of data presentation, the type of research is theoretical, and in terms of data search, it is qualitative research. The grounded theory approach was used in this research, and Strauss and Corbin's methods were used. Statistical samples were from managers, deputies, physical education teachers, physical education experts in the departments, and executive officials of the Olympiad. We chose the samples purposefully and proceeded with the snowball method until we reached theoretical saturation. Data gathering tool in the field method: Semi-structured interviews and in the library method: phishing, a compilation of literature and theoretical framework. For data analysis, open coding, axial coding and selective coding were used to reach concepts, categories and final theorems. In this study, 218 concepts and 21 categories of interviews were extracted. Five categories and 39 concepts in the Causal conditions, seven categories and 30 concepts in the Context conditions, six categories and 33 concepts in the Intervening conditions, six categories and 33 concepts in the Strategies, and six categories and 36 concepts in the Consequences. Expected outcomes of the final model: increased moral and financial attention of authorities, increased funding for the project, greater private sector participation, strengthened management and planning, quantitative and qualitative improvement of space and equipment and more realization of the objectives of the school sports Olympiads.

---

This study aimed to design a whistle-blowing model for the excellence of sports organizations. This research is developmental in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of strategy, which was carried out qualitatively. The study's statistical population was the professors of the scientific board of the universities and experts working in sports organizations, who were selected by purposeful and snowball sampling. A semi-structured interview was used to collect and analyze the data using the Glaseri method. Sets of primary concepts were collected during the coding process, and categories were extracted from them. Then, in the stage of core coding and the link between these categories, the titles of prerequisites or substrates, drivers, processes, core phenomena, and consequences were determined. The results showed that preventing the wastage of resources, increasing job satisfaction, loyalty, commitment, trust, motivation, creativity, and organizational productivity, increasing employee participation, collaborative decision, reducing inappropriate behaviors, reducing strikes, and increasing security and health in the organization, eradicating corruption, reforming the organization's structure, and realizing organizational goals play a role as consequences. Based on the research model, it is recommended to consider the role of different categories of whistle-blowing in the health of sports organizations to prevent violations. Also, special attention should be paid to the platforms and factors for promoting whistle-blowing in sports organizations. In order to promote organizational health in sports of the country.

---

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors affecting the achievement of world-class production in the economic development of the sport industry by mediating production planning from the viewpoint of employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Tehran Province. The statistical population consisted of experts from the Tehran Sports and Youth Department, totaling 210 people. One hundred thirty-two persons were selected based on Morgan's table and by simple random sampling. Of these, 120 questionnaires were returned. For data analysis, 24 SPSS and 24 AMOS software were used. Global production in terms of factors influencing production planning, 58% of the variance of the factors influencing production planning and production paths in the world-class, and factors affecting production planning to develop the economy of the sports industry, explains 96% of the variance in the development of the economy of the sports industry. Production of products in a World class, which is competitive in international markets, inevitably necessitates strategic planning, so sports products can have dramatic effects on the countries' economies, evident in their transitional stages to economic development or emergence.

---

The research aimed to identify the marketing development strategies of women's sports in Iran. This qualitative research was conducted using the grounded theory method and the Strauss and Corbin technique. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The sampling method was purposeful and used the snowball technique until theoretical saturation was reached (21 interviews). The statistical population was university professors, coaches, senior managers, sports marketing managers and active people in sports management and sports economics, especially women's sports. They were used to analyze the data from three stages of open, central and selective coding. Finally, strategies were identified with 88 open codes in 13 categories. The interviewees and expert professors confirmed the validity of the research tool, and the within-subject agreement method was used to measure the reliability, with the reliability value being 89%. Up-to-date and effective advertising, products and services, standardization and increase of sports facilities, appropriate pricing, expert human resources, financial support and adequate budget allocation, planning, branding, creation and Amending laws, facilities, tourism and events, supporting financial sponsors, cultural and educational measures were marketing development strategies for women's sports in Iran. The development of marketing Iranian women's sports as an attractive and income-generating activity will boost the economic cycle, can play an effective role both at the domestic and international levels, and will cause economic growth. It is necessary to use appropriate strategies to develop women's sports marketing. 

---

This paper deals with the problem of safe grasping of an object. According to robot maneuvers during of movement, the slipping or falling of the objects is possible. Here, an adaptive backstepping control method is used for controlling of slipping and tracking of desirable paths. First, the robot dynamics of grasping of an object including mechanical arm with three rotational joints, one prismatic joint, jaw gripper as well as dynamic of the electrical actuators is derived. Then, backstepping technique, which is a systematic approach based on Lyaponov theory, is applied for this nonlinear system. Beacuse of existence of different uncertainties in this system such as mass and inertia of robot and object mass, it is required to design a controller to be able to cope with these uncertainties. Accordingly, a stable controller using adaptive backstepping control methodology is also designed to estimate of these parameters’ uncertainties. Stability analysis is provided based on Lyapunov theory. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed controller. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

---

This study investigated the export status of stone fruits in Iran during 1997 to 2010. Export trends and revealed comparative advantage of indices, namely, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), and Relative Export Advantage (RXA) as well as Trade Mapping (TM) were investigated for cherries, plums, peaches, and apricots. Target markets for these products were ranked using numerical taxonomies. The results showed that Iran had export's comparative advantage for stone fruits only in 2007 and 2010. But, this index had a positive growth for the stone fruits in those years, indicating an increasing trend in the export status of these products. Trade mapping analysis indicates that although the export market for these products has declined during the period studied, Iran has taken a greater share of the market and is among the winner groups. The principal export markets in decreasing order were found to be Germany, The UK, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Switzerland, the UAE, and Afghanistan.

---

In the present study, the interaction between Turgo turbine and water flow was simulated using 2D immersed boundary method. For this purpose, the available computer code was validated by some reliable results of numerical fluid - structure interaction study. Due to the complexity of modeling whole turbine and its details, only the part of Turgo turbine involving three blades was simulated and the obtained results of study was generalized to whole turbine. In order to increase the efficiency of Turgo turbine and obtain the optimal design criteria, different parameters of its components including the concavity of turbine blade, turbine water head, water discharge and the number of blades were investigated. The optimal value of each parameter is obtained according to efficiency values of turbine. Finally, the optimal values of mentioned parameters were used to propose some optimal pattern for the design of Turgo turbine. Also, the results of the analysis showed that the immersed boundary method despite having simple formulation and algorithm can be utilized to provide a reliable numerical solution to simulate interaction between the parts of turbine and water flow.

---

In the present study, a fuzzy finite element model is developed to apply uncertainty of soil parameters on dynamic behavior of coupled saturated porous media. The interaction problem in the analysis of elastic soil matrix with Darcy pore fluid flow which is formulated by Biot is one of the complicated problems and its exact solution is so difficult, therefore it can be solved numerically. Finite Element Method is one of the numerical methods to approximate the dynamic solution of these problems and for convenient approximation of solution, model parameters need to be precisely known. On the other hand due to inhomogeneous and anisotropic structure of soil matrix, it is not possible to define the soil parameters with the crisp numbers. Consequently results that are obtained only one specific crisp value for an uncertain parameter cannot be representative for the whole spectrum of the possible results. To solve this limitation, application of fuzzy arithmetic proves to be a practical approach. For this purpose uncertainties in the soil parameters are taken in to account by the fuzzy numbers and shape function of input fuzzy numbers are derived from experimental data. In this study the coupled equations governing saturated porous media which are known as u-p equations, are solved by fuzzification of input parameters. For this purpose input parameters, the Poisson's ratio and modulus of elasticity, are treated as fuzzy numbers. To fuzzify a parameter, a certain number of degrees of membership are considered and by using fuzzy rules for each degree of membership a range of parameters are obtained which has lower and upper bound and the calculations are done for this upper and lower bounds. As a numerical example, problem of elastic soil column consist of two layers, loose and compacted sand, is analyzed. For solving this problem a finite element Fortran code has been developed and verified. For verification of developed Fortran code, the support of input fuzzy numbers was adopted in a way that the most likely amount of input parameters (m) be equal to the crisp input numbers that had been used by previous studies. The results indicated solution at α=1(probability of one hundred percent, which is the definite solution) is in good agreement with results of literatures. For other degrees of membership, the problem was solved with two constitutive D matrix for each α level to compute lower and upper bounds of output for that level. At the end, displacement and excess pore water pressure of sandy soil column which are produced under rapid loading are reported as fuzzy numbers. It means that it can be seen if Poisson's ratio and modulus of elasticity increase or decrease what will happen to displacement and excess pore water pressure. The results showed that coupling, change of input parameters of soil skeleton influence pore water pressure too. And as time increase this effect can be seen well. Also increase drainage distance causes a decreasing in the interaction between soil skeleton and pore water and this effect decreases by depth. Obtained result show that the number of fuzzy parameters (uncertain parameters) in equations increase the range of answers.

---

The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of drying methods on the amount of some effective compounds in fruit Ecballium elaterium M. Bieb extract based on a completely randomized statistical design with 15 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments included different drying methods (1- Shade drying at room temperature (25±3°C) with suitable ventilation, 2- Sun drying, 3- Oven drying at 35°C, 4- Oven drying at 45°C, 5- Oven drying at 55°C, 6- Vacuum oven drying at 35°C, 7- Vacuum oven drying at 45°C, 8- Vacuum oven drying at 55°C, 9- Infrared drying at 0.2w, 10- Infrared drying at 0.3w, 11- Infrared drying at 0.4w, 12- Microwave drying at 200w, 13- Microwave drying at 500w, 14- Microwave drying at 800w) which were compared with the fresh fruit of the plant (as a control). The studied traits were total phenols content, total flavonoids content, radical scavenging activity assay, soluble tannin, total amino acids, total soluble protein, total alkaloids, and total cucurbitacin. The results showed that different drying methods had a significant effect on soluble tannin and cucurbitacin content (P≤0.05) and also on other traits (P≤0.01). The highest amount of total phenol and flavonoids was related to fresh plants and then vacuum oven drying at 45 °C, and the highest amount of antioxidant activity and soluble tannin was found in fresh plants and then the vacuum oven drying at 55°C. The highest amount of amino acids was related to fresh plant and then 200 watt microwave treatment and the highest amount of total protein, alkaloids and cucurbitacin was related to fresh plant and then shade treatment.

---

The post-harvest techniques of medicinal plants such as drying, is very important in their production cycle. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different drying methods on some phytochemical traits of Chuchak in the spring of 2020 based on the completely randomized design with three replications. The chuchak samples were collected in the vegetative stage from the gardens of Noor city, Iran. The drying treatments were shade-drying at room temperature (25±3 °C), sun-drying, oven-drying (45, 55 and 65 °C), vacuum oven-drying (45, 55 and 65 °C), microwave-drying (200, 500 and 800 watts), and fresh samples. The studied traits were moisture content based on fresh and dry weight, drying time and speed, ascorbic acid content, protein content, total carbohydrate content, total phenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. The results of the variance analysis showed the significant effect of drying methods on all studied properties of the samples (P≤0.01). The mean comparison showed that the minimum drying time and the maximum speed drying were related to the microwave (800 watts). The highest amount of ascorbic acid (385.72 µg/mg), protein (19.72%), total phenol (47.19 mg GA per 1 g dry matter), total flavonoids (50.96 mg quercetin per 1 g dry matter) as well as antioxidant activity (76.02%) was observed in the fresh plant and then in the oven-drying (55 °C).