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One of the outstanding language features in free Nima's poems is his characteristic and distinctive syntax. Nima named this linguistic characteristic as "morphological and syntactic combinations". Examining Nima's syntactic combinations shows that these combinations have functions in Nima's poetry, and one of these functions is its role in creating the music of the poem. Since the syntactic combinations releted to adjectives have a high frequency in Nima's poetry , this article after explaining the types of syntactic combinations of Nima in adjectives; such as the expansion of the adjective, putting a distance between the adjective and the adjective, the use of the adjective as a substitute for the adjective, etc., it expresses its function in creating the music of Nima's poetry and concludes that through his syntactic combinations, especially about the adjective, Nima tried to make the natural music that the words It matches the feeling and theme of the poem.

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Flood spreading stations were constructed in Iran with different objectives such as groundwater recharge and vegetation recovery. Accumulation of sediment can be a major problem in flood spreading stations. According to generally accepted theories, floods and salt pollution can reduce gradually the infiltration rate. In order to investigate this issue, 13 flood spreading stations were selected across the country and infiltration rate changes were monitored over five years in the flood spreading areas. Non-parametric tests were used to analyze the abnormally distributed data. Based on the soil properties of the spreading stations, stations were first classified into three groups separately by cluster analysis; next, studies were conducted in three separate groups. Results in stations group 1 showed that, in the first year, the infiltration rate among spreading lines was not significantly different, but data for the second year showed a significant difference at α = 0.05. For stations group 2, in the third year, the difference in the infiltration rate was significant at α = 0.05. In addition, changes in the infiltration rate were significant at α = 0.05 in stations groups 1 and 2 in the second spreading line. For stations group 3, significant changes among lines have been detected. Results also showed that changes in the infiltration rate in different years were somewhat different among the three groups of stations. Although infiltration rate changes were low, there was a general decreasing trend.

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This study aimed to investigate the impact transformational leadership on knowledge workers' organizational behavior citizenship in Iran’s National Oil Company. The research method was descriptive-correlative. 97 experts working at staff Units of Iran’s oil Company were selected, using census method. In order to collect data, two questionnaires were used.1- Bass and Avalio’s transformational leadership questionnaire (a=. /78), 2- Podsakoff’s OCB questionnaire (a=. /89). To analyze data, Pearson’s correlation and structural equation model were used. The finding showed that there was a positive relationship between organizational behavior citizenship with transformational leadership and its components: Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration. The findings also showed that there was a positive relationship between all components of transformational leadership (i.e., Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration) and components of organizational citizenship behavior (i.e., conscientiousness, courtesy, sportsmanship and altruism). The finding structural equation model showed that transformational leadership impact on organizational behavior citizenship in Iran’s National Oil Company. key word: transformational leadership , organizational behavior citizenship, Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration, Iran’s National Oil Company key word: transformational leadership , organizational behavior citizenship, Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration, Iran’s National Oil Company key word: transformational leadership , organizational behavior citizenship, Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration, Iran’s National Oil Company

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Low Back Pain (LBP) is the first cause of disability in people under 45 years old and the second cause of referral to physician, and the third cause of surgery (Noori et al., 2011). In developed countries, the overall cost resulted from LBP is 1.7% of gross national product total share (Karimi, 2004). In general, the prevalence rate of LBP is 30%, but over 70-85% of people in advanced countries experience it at least once in their life (Nezhad Roomezi et al., 2012). In Iran, this problem is the third cause of disability in people aged ranging from 15 to 69 years. Since Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) is a multifactorial phenomenon, several suggestions are proposed for its treatment (Nezhad Roomezi et al., 2012). In this study, it was decided to introduce a less-known but effective technique in the treatment of CLBP.

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In this study, Trichoderma harzianum BI was evaluated for its capability to reduce the incidence and severity of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and Fusarium wilt, F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, as causal agents of a complex disease of tomato in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Initial in vitro studies revealed that the parasitism of M. javanica eggs by T. harzianum BI was up to 49.6%. In dual culture tests, maximum growth inhibition of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciby T. harzianum BI (55%) was observed on the fifth day in laboratory. In greenhouse studies, the efficiency of treatments was appraised by using nematode-related factors such as diameter of galls, number of galls per plant, number of egg masses per plant and also incidence of Fusarium wilt. The antagonistic fungus was further tested for its ability to induce production of defense related enzymes in tomato. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was increasedsignificantly in the seedlings treated with the antagonistic fungus in comparison with control and its maximum amount was reached on the fourth day after inoculation with T. harzianum BI. Thus, the present study shows that in addition to direct antagonism, induction of defense-related enzymes, by T. harzianum BI that are involved in PAL pathway contributed to enhanced resistance against invasion of

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When the Turkmen Seljuks stepped in the world of policy, Iran had passed through the historical experiences of establishing political evolutions and semi-autonomous powers in Abbasid era. These local dynasties left their precious heritage of political structure and legitimacy to the Seljuks to establish the first Islamic empire in the Medieval age. The Seljuks developed a combined method of their nomadic procedures as well as the Iranian bureaucracy system to dominate on the vast territories from Transoxiana to Mediterranean for nearly a century and a half. They developed the interaction and division of power among the main agents and institutions in the society to organize their own legitimacy. This paper aims to introduce the Seljuk S’political structure since the formation of the government until the end of Sultan Malikshah era (1040-1092) and based on the various sorts of legitimacies categorized by Marx Weber in order to, identify the procedures promoted by the Seljuks to legitimize their power that were unprecedented in the Iranian Islamic history.

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The Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, an important greenhouse pest, has acquired rapid resistance to the chemical pesticides. Therefore, biological control is worth consideration as an alternative control method. Among the biological control agents, entomopathogenic fungi showed to be quite successful in some occasions. In this study, three Iranian isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (‘DEMI001’, ‘DEMI002’ and ‘DEMI003’) were bioassayed for their lethal effects on the adults of the F. occidentalis, in vitro. The ‘DEMI002’ and ‘DEMI003’ had the lowest and highest LC₅₀ at concentrations of 3.06 ´ 10⁴ and 1.90 ´ 10⁵ conidia/ml, respectively. Also, the isolate ‘DEMI002’ had the lowest LT₅₀ of 4.39 ± 2.13 days at the concentration of 10⁶ conidia/ml. The mean comparison showed that there was a significant difference between DEMI002 and DEMI003 in terms of virulence at most of the concentrations. Consequently, the ‘DEMI002’ can be considered as a promising tool in biological control programs of the F. occidentalis.

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Culture in the discourse of leadership and its role in the realization of the new Islamic civilization is one of the important issues that need a lot of research. Because culture is very important in the view of the Supreme Leader and has a central position. Accordingly, the importance of the place of culture in the thought of his leadership has led him to develop a cultural engineering perspective. From this perspective, cultural engineering is an effort to strengthen the main components of the Islamic and national culture of the country and protect it against the influence and influence of destructive Western culture, in the light of proper arrangement and determining the correct position of all cultural dimensions and characteristics of society. These efforts require the proper design of cultural engineering. This article seeks to answer the question, what is the relationship between the concept of culture and modern Islamic civilization in the discourse of the leadership of the Islamic Revolution of Iran? The methodology of the present research, which has a descriptive- analytical nature, has provided and collected the required data and information through the library method and by accessing sources such as books, articles and research reports. In the form of the theory of modern Islamic civilization, it is based on the hypothesis that according to the Supreme Leader, culture has provided the basis for the formation and expansion of modern Islamic civilization in society.The results of the research have shown that there is a close and significant relationship between modern Islamic culture and civilization. In such a way that culture is effective in the realization of modern Islamic civilization and according to the most important components of Islamic civilization, which is God-centered based on human dignity and cultural and spiritual values, this statement is confirmed.

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Aims: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that is resistant to many antibiotics including beta-lactams. Production of β-lactamases is the main mechanism of β-lactam resistance in A. baumannii strains. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of blaTEM and blaVEB genes in clinical isolates of A. baumannii and the relationship between the antibiotic resistance and the presence of ESBL genes in strains isolated from burn wound infection in Isfahan.
Materials & Methods: In this study, 123 MDR A. baumannii strains were isolated from burn wound infection. After antibiotic resistance evaluation using the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method, all the isolates were evaluated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to detect ESBL genes, followed by statistical analysis by the end.
Findings: Out of 123 A. baumannii isolates, 77 (62.60%) strains were ESBL positive according to the PCR results. The frequency of blaTEM and blaVEB genes was 52 (42.3%) and 67 (54.5%), respectively. There was a significant relationship between the antibiotic resistance and the presence of ESBL genes (blaTEM and blaVEB) in A. baumannii strains.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of blaTEM and blaVEB genes in A. baumannii strains found in this study is the major concern about burn wound infections in Isfahan and Iran because of the complexity in treating infections caused by these strains. This study results highlighted the need for infection control measures to prevent the spread of resistant isolates and ESBL genes, especially in burn hospitals.

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In the process of foreign language learning, errors are common and predictable. Foreign language learners systematically commit errors due to the interference of their first language, their poor grammatical knowledge of the second language, or interference of another foreign language. Iranian French language learners in different levels of learning commit more errors in the application of prepositions than in other areas. Since prepositions play an important role in linking different parts of speech, errors in their use creates serious challenges for learners in the process of learning. In this research the focus of attention is to investigate the most frequent errors of Iranian French language learners in two categories of “inter lingual and intra lingual errors”. Furthermore, for pedagogic purposes, the correct use of French prepositions in each category is explained in simple manner.   Findings show that semantic interference of Persian prepositions, the use calque, and semantic similarities in French propositions are the main reasons of errors committed by Iranian French language learners.   
 

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Sa'di’s reputation has long crossed the borders of Iran. Among the masterpieces of Persian literature, which have been translated into other languages, including French, none has been as influential as Gulistan. This book, due to the translations made, has been a source of inspiration for the French, in particular for the European poets and writers who had a taste close to Sa'di’s. In this article, after briefly reviewing the course of the acquisition of the Persian language and literature among the French, we dealt with the history of the translations of the Gulistan of Sa'di, from the beginning to our time; then, while comparing the examples of translators' works, we tried to demonstrate the qualities and flaws of each translation from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. And finally, we examine this question that among the French translations of Gulistan, which is more faithful to the original book.

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Aims: The Scomberoides commersonnianus (Talang Queenfish) is in the Persian Gulf waters and constitutes a part of catches in Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Fish food habits are important in understanding food chains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diet composition of Talang Queenfish in the coastal water of Hormozgan province.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 422 Talang Queenfish were collected from coastal waters of Bandar Abbas. Total length and fork length were calculated. The weight was measured by a digital scale and recorded on a special sampling sheet. Tables and charts were drawn, using Excel 2007 software, and the data were analyzed, using SPSS 20 software  by T Paoli tests and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Findings: The minimum and maximum fork length was 18 cm and 86 cm, respectively, and the mean fork length was 54.282cm. With increasing the fork length, fish weight increased with exponential model (r=0.0151; p<0.05). The length and weight of fish showed a high correlation (r=0.98; p<0.05). The highest gastrosomatic index was in November and the lowest was in June. The vacuity index was 62.32. The food preferences were fish, Crustacean, and Molluscs. The main food of Scomberoides commersonnianus was Anchovies, and the subsidiary food included Hairtail Fish, Goldstripe sardinella, Ponyfish, Silver sillago, Catfish, Threadfin Bream, Goatfish and other Clupeidae fishes.
Conclusion: According to the vacuity index, this fish does not eat a lot. The food preferences are fish, Crustacean, and Molluscs and Anchovies is the main food. The subsidiary food included Hairtail Fish, Goldstripe sardinella, Ponyfish, Silver sillago, Catfish, Threadfin Bream, Goatfish and other Clupeidae fishes.

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Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal concentration (LC₅₀ 96h) - Butyl phthalate and Calculate of Low Observable Effect Concentration (LOEC) and Non Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) on rainbow trout fingerlings.
Materials and Method: Acute static toxicity test was performed based on the standard O.E.C.D. 7.3±1.25g) in 96 hours. Statistical calculation was done with SPSS 21 and probit regression and ANOVA method.
Findings: Mortality was increased with increasing concentrations of - Butyl phthalate Within 24 to 96 hours. Lethal concentrations of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 15.46, 12.96, 11.21 and 9.93mg.L-1, respectively. Observable Effect Concentration (LOEC) of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 3.4, 3.8, 7.2 and 9.95mg.L-1, too. Non Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 0.78, 0.95, 1.45 and 1.68mg.L-1, respectively.
Conclusion: Toxicological studies are necessary for rainbow trout because of their importance and sensitivity of this species to pollutants). The results of this research can be applied to assess the ecological risks and nutritional risks of this group of pollutants. So, an effective management and control strategy must be executed in order to reduce the problems caused by DnBP in the environment.

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This research explains the morphometric characteristics of Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman in Tehran Province. 180 adult female mites were collected from three different colonies of Apis mellifera L. in three apiaries during September 2003 to May 2004. These colonies were divided according to three altitudes-less than 1000m, 1000-1500m and more than 1500m above the sea level. The morphological characteristics of mite samples were examined using light microscopy. Measurements of mite specimens in-cluding body lengths, widths, mean size of leg segments and chelicerae were obtained from 180 females. Data were analyzed using the SAS package. The results revealed that: with 95% confidence intervals, body lengths were 1152.6-1218.9 (for less than 1000m alti-tude), 1163.2-1220.7 (for 1000-1500m altitude) and 1167.1-1228.3 (for grater than 1500m altitude). Also, body widths for those apiaries with 95% confidence intervals were: 1709.8-1818.2, 1712.1-1819.5 and 1720.4-1820.6, respectively. Mean body lengths were 1197.2, 1199.2 and 1200.1 and mean body widths were 1775.6, 1781.7 and 1789.9, respec-tively. No significant differences were observed between the size of leg segments and che-licerae among specimens studied. Comparison between measurements of body lengths and widths of specimens which were collected from Firozkoh (above 1500m altitude), Karaj(1000-1500m altitude) and apiaries in Varamin (less than 1000m altitude) in Tehran Province revealed that there was no significant difference between the three colonies. These specimens were also differ from V. jacobsoni. The results showed that our speci-mens were V. destructor not V. jacobsoni. Moreover, the Tehran Province specimens are similar to V. destructor in that they are less spherical than V. jacobsoni.

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In some statements and literary terms of the Holy Quran, has been used body language to convey the message, such as "hand gestures". Proper translation is very important in translating these metalinguistic communications and requires extra attention on the part of the translator. Accordingly, due to the cultural similarities and extensive historical ties between the two languages, Persian and Arabic, it has been assumed that metalanguage concepts based on hand gestures have common Equivalents in Persian language. In the present study, the research method is descriptive-analytical and in it, the translation of literary terms and propositions based on hand language in the translation of Mousavi Garmaroodi and Khorramshahi has been studied with a comparative view to determine the commonalities of the two languages in this field and to explain the limits and dimensions of the strengths and weaknesses of translators in the use of cultural patterns and terms that reflect these patterns. The results show that most of the Quranic sentences and phrases based on hand movements and the resulting concepts have an equivalent in Persian culture and language, Regarding the performance of translators, it has been determined that due to this rich context in Persian, they have paid attention to body language Equivalents in their translation. In some instances, they have inevitably taken the literal method, and this is due to the difference in the cultural pattern of the two languages, and it is natural that one cannot expect the same and perfectly consistent spelling conditions.
 

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Persian folk culture and literature, largely oral literature, has been mostly forgotten due to the dominance of aristocratic literature, but what is left of it is also because of the same aristocratic literature, especially for the narrative works such as Faraj Ba’ad Az Sheddat. Through these works, we have access to unique experiences of folk culture. Such folk narrative prose texts are appropriate bases for examining the cultural reflections in various contexts, including issues related to women’s status. This study tries to employ a new approach on the ancient prose, and further show that the same narratives have been considered from the formalistic approach so far, but new points of view and perspective could be employed as well. To this aim, the critical discourse analysis approach based on the theory of Fairclough was applied on the sample text at three levels of description, interpretation, and explanation. This research seeks to demonstrate power of women and its cause. The study, focusing on the women's role, agency, and presence and engagement, shows that despite their minor significance, a woman is a symbol of courage in the aftermath of severity, while in the story, the woman, audacious and brave, rebukes against traditions and breaks taboos. As a result, it was concluded that women have an active and powerful role in this text, and their leading role as an agent in the formation of story is evident. Although there is an unequal power relation between men and women, reading between lines, it could be claimed that unlike aristocratic male-dominant discourse, women have sources of power as well. They react against the particular hegemony to achieve their specific goas. Finally, it was found that the agentive role of the women plays a key part in the formation of narrative and explanation of their sources of power.