---

Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic infection in the human stomach. The infection has universe prevalence in all age groups. Probably, this bacterium is the cause of most common chronic bacterial infection in human beings and infects approximately half of the world population. H. pylori produces urease, an enzyme that degrades the urea in the stomach’s mucous to ammonia resulting in biochemical reaction that leads to increase in pH of the stomach lumen. This allows pathogenic intestinal protozoa to take the opportunity to cross through stomach’s increased pH and cause disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and prevalence of parasitic infection in patients in Ilam. Materials and Methods: Following stool samples collection during 2013 in patients with abdominal pain in Ilam, Iran. H. pylori infection was investigated based on stool antigen analysis (HPSA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in patients who had recurrent abdominal pain. Stool specimens were examined using the direct examination and the spontaneous sedimentation method for detecting the trophozoite and cyst of parasites. Results: In this study, we found 65 patients with H. pylori infection. Out of these 65 patients, the percentage of patients with positive results for Giardia lamblia was 30.7% and for Entamoebahistolytica/dispar was 12.3%. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that H. pylori infection may provide favorable conditions for giardiasis infection; however, this presumption needs further studies with larger sample size.

---

An analysis of the state of Iran's water resources shows that hydro-political challenges have shifted from the national scale to the sub-national scale (at the catchment level) and the conflict of interests of users has led to a contradiction in the approach of agents, especially in times of drought. Meanwhile, Karkheh catchment in Khuzestan feeds by Kashkan river in Lorestan province. On the other hand, climate change and Kashkan floods have often been associated with losses. The basic agricultural livelihood of Delfan city and the prevention of floods have made the construction of Gaushmar dam on Kashkan inevitable. The construction of this dam has reduced the volume of water entering the downstream cities of the dam and the Karkheh catchment in Khuzestan, especially during dry seasons. The construction of this dam has led to the conflict of interests of the actors and the emergence of hydro-political challenges on a subsidence scale. The present article is applied and the methodology of the text is explanatory-analytic. The data and information required for the research were collected by library and field methods (interview). The result of the research showed that with the construction of Gaushmar Dam, hydro-political relations within the province (Lorestan) and extra-provincial relations between Khuzestan and Lorestan provinces have been brought hydro-political tension. The adaptation of these conflict of interests eventually led to a reduction in the height of the dam and the volume of water stored behind the dam due to the authorities’ policies.

---

Protein deposition due to the process of accumulation inside or outside cells causes many neurological diseases such as Alzheimerchr('39')s, Huntingtonchr('39')s or Parkinsonchr('39')s seizures. Parkinsonchr('39')s disease is the second most common neurological disease after Alzheimerchr('39')s, in which patients develop disorders due to the accumulation of leprosy and the destruction of dopamine neurons. Alpha-synuclein protein contains 140 amino acids, the main protein known in lewy body accumulations. During the aggregation process, alpha-synuclein protein monomers bind together as oligomers and eventually become amyloid filaments. So far, there is no drug to stop or delay the progression of Parkinsonchr('39')s, but studies on the molecular mechanism of amyloid formation and the identification of inhibitors are increasing. For this purpose, in this study, the effect of BRICHOS domain resulting from BRI2, which can have various functions, including antimicrobial properties, on the process of alpha-synuclein accumulation as a model protein was investigated.The gene was first optimized and synthesized and then multiplied by PCR. The product was digested by enzymes Xho I and Nde1 and entered the expression vector pET28 a, which was transformed into E. coli bacteria.Finally, the peptide was purified by nickel chromatography. The alpha-synuclein gene was also expressed separately and purified.The anti-cumulative effect of BRICHOS domain on alpha-synuclein fibrillation was investigated using Toflavin T fluorescence method and TEM technique.

---

The purpose of this study, control and monitoring of a rehabilitation robot with two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) for rehabilitation of the lower limbs of patients with loss of ability for movement due to injury, disease, stroke or surgical operations. After determining the movements, that is included flexion-extension movements of the knee and hip joints, the performance of the mechanism was investigated using dynamic analysis and simulation. Then, a programmable logic controller (PLC) was employed to control the robot performance. Finally, the accuracy of PLC program was guaranteed by monitoring the robot. Passive, assistive and resistive exercises were considered in programming the controller. In assistive exercises, the forces needed by the patient to perform the movements were actually set automatically by using the feedback data provided by the patient's forces. In addition, to perform the resistive exercises rather than using actual weights, negative loads were employed. The results obtained represent considerable accuracy to perform the movements and create safe conditions for the patient. Also, high flexibility in programming has provided the possibility to perform a wide range of rehabilitation exercises.

---

This paper investigates mapping of stiffness, damping and mass matrices for joint and Cartesian space in robot impedance control. The stiffness mapping is studied more than others for serial and parallel robots by lots of researchers. But all the mapping methods are considered for small displacement or static problems. In fact there is no formulation for large displacement or dynamic problems. So in the presented paper, impedance mapping is studied by considering old methods against new one. The new proposed method is called Large Displacement Mapping Method. Two main methods are presented in researchers’ works and are studied beside the new proposed one in this paper. A test is designed and simulated by Simulink/MATLAB in order to analyze different methods clearly. Then the proposed test is applied on a SCARA robot practically. According to simulation and experimental results, only the proposed method can map the stiffness, damping and mass matrices in large displacement case. The results show, as robot is getting away from the initial position, more deviation is happened. Considering impedance control mapping results, two main differences are seen in stiffness and damping matrices while mass matrix mapping result is the same in all three methods.

---

Assistive exoskeletons are a category of wearable robots that provide a portion of the forces, required by users in performing different motions. Hence, the users will be able to perform the motions with less effort. Hitherto, different control algorithms for assistive exoskeletons are proposed and their various effects on the users’ performance are evaluated. Recently, the authors of the present paper have proposed a new control method, called output feedback assistive controller, for compliantly actuated exoskeletons. This method is independent from user’s intent, requires a very low number of sensors and possesses a simple model-free structure. This paper evaluates the effect of the output feedback assistive controller on the agility of the users. A knee physiotherapy robot is considered as a single joint exoskeleton. Connecting a series elastic actuator to the robot and implementing the output feedback assistive controller, the agility of the user is evaluated in a target following experiment. Two markers are displayed on a monitor to represent the actual and desired knee angles for the user. The user is asked to follow the desired angles by moving his/her leg. The accuracy of the user in following the target is measured and compared in two assisted and unassisted cases. The results clearly verify the positive effect of the output feedback assistive controller on increasing the user’s agility.

---

Three-sided spillways are one of the important dam's outlet works that despite their hydraulic limitations, selected as the best option in storage dam under special topographical conditions. Considerable energy losses, the flow high turbulences, and applying great fluctuations shock on walls and bed of the side channel are the hydraulic conditions that must carefully considered in these spillways. In this study, the three-dimensional flow filed of U-shaped spillway and end-sill of the side channel are simulated using Flow3D and the effect of flow turbulences have been modelled by RNG closure. Comparison of the numerical and experimental results revealed that this model with RNG closure has capable to carefully simulate the turbulence flow field on these structures. The effect of making stepped the ogee profile of the three-sided spillway on flow depth and dynamic pressure fluctuations has been numerically evaluated; the non-dimensional turbulence index has been used to investigate the fluctuations of the dynamic pressure. The results revealed making stepped the ogee profile causes to reduce the encounter of the side overfalls, and to increase the flow depth in the side channel, in which this lead to considerable decrease in pressure fluctuation intensity. Three-sided spillways are one of the important dam's outlet works that despite their hydraulic limitations, selected as the best option in storage dam under special topographical conditions. Considerable energy losses, the flow high turbulences, and applying great fluctuations shock on walls and bed of the side channel are the hydraulic conditions that must carefully considered in these spillways. In this study, the three-dimensional flow filed of U-shaped spillway and end-sill of the side channel are simulated using Flow3D and the effect of flow turbulences have been modelled by RNG closure. Comparison of the numerical and experimental results revealed that this model with RNG closure has capable to carefully simulate the turbulence flow field on these structures. The effect of making stepped the ogee profile of the three-sided spillway on flow depth and dynamic pressure fluctuations has been numerically evaluated; the non-dimensional turbulence index has been used to investigate the fluctuations of the dynamic pressure. The results revealed making stepped the ogee profile causes to reduce the encounter of the side overfalls, and to increase the flow depth in the side channel, in which this lead to considerable decrease in pressure fluctuation intensity. Three-sided spillways are one of the important dam's outlet works that despite their hydraulic limitations, selected as the best option in storage dam under special topographical conditions. Considerable energy losses, the flow high turbulences, and applying great fluctuations shock on walls and bed of the side channel are the hydraulic conditions that must carefully considered in these spillways. In this study, the three-dimensional flow filed of U-shaped spillway and end-sill of the side channel are simulated using Flow3D and the effect of flow turbulences have been modelled by RNG closure. Comparison of the numerical and experimental results revealed that this model with RNG closure has capable to carefully simulate the turbulence flow field on these structures. The effect of making stepped the ogee profile of the three-sided spillway on flow depth and dynamic pressure fluctuations has been numerically evaluated; the non-dimensional turbulence index has been used to investigate the fluctuations of the dynamic pressure. The results revealed making stepped the ogee profile causes to reduce the encounter of the side overfalls, and to increase the flow depth in the side channel, in which this lead to considerable decrease in pressure fluctuation intensity.