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The Semantic Script Theory of Humor is the first complete linguistic theory on humor. This theory, that was in fact a radical departure from the traditionally taxonomic approach of puns and humor, was first introduced by Victor Raskin. He was the first linguist that analyzed the structures of humor from the semantic view point, and could identify the structure of joke. In Raskin’s view, a semantic theory must include two abstract concepts: a set of the whole scripts available to the speakers and a set of compositional rules. The purpose of this article is to introduce this theory and to answer this question that which objections on the basis of Persian data may be made to this theory. For this purpose, we studied a number of Persian jokes published in Iranian Humor Press, and by the analysis of these texts, we could show some weaknesses of the theory. The results of this study showed that the way of analysis in Raskin’s Semantic Scripts theory, which is based on listing all of the scripts involved in the words used in the humorous text, has some weaknesses in analyzing Persian Jokes; such as not being compatible with the linguistic processing realities and for having time-consuming redundant complexities, it is not applicable on long Persian jokes.

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Tehran is the capital and the largest city in north of Iran with 614 square kilometers area, it is located in the south slopes of Alborz and 112 km south of the Caspian Sea, and originally (more than 400 years ago) it was relatively large village. The famous village of that time called Kan village, which was located northwest of current Tehran. The antiquity Of Kan village goes back at least 1200 to 1400 years ago and one of the oldest rivers of Rey county that originate from Imam Zadeh Davoud mountains to the lake of Qom, It goes along the rural texture of Kan and irrigates Kan gardens and it is the witnesses of this claim. In the recent few decades, the growth wave and rapid growth of urbanization has also spread to this area and Kan is now locating in the Tehran. The construction orientation of the programs is directed to destruct the village and gardens and green zones and open area. Following this problem, the present study seeks to change the approach from quantitative growth to qualitative growth. And the main question is, as regards importance of the subject, how to preserve existing natural green resources through green neighborhood revival, can we introduce Kan neighborhood of Tehran city, as urban village? And through this, instead of generating income from the destruction of gardens and construction, protect the last collection of aggregate gardens in Tehran metropolis.

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  Managerial researches emphasize an organizational contingency elements rule at improving the performance. Although, few theorical and empirical researches were implemented upon the influencing elements at organizational performance. This paper is an effort to fill gaps of corresponding issue. For this, exploration and searching the literature and expert interviews (DELPHI) resulted in formulation of 14 contingent elements which impact the military organization performance. Then, an importance- performance analysis technique based on experts needs and expectations was used to prioritize the elements performance. This technique also presents weakness and strength of influencing performance elements. In this paper, to improve the validity and practical aspects of importance- performance analysis technique, experts and personnel of mentioned organization were interviewed. Then, two quantitative and qualitative techniques multiple regression and DEMATEL final values as integration of implicit and explicit importance respectively are used to extract the importance rates. Finally, the performance rate extracted through interviews based on likert values as well as importance rate applied to build the importance- performance matrix in four quadrants which based on two axes (importance, performance) to analysis the feature of located elements in each quadrant.    

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Background: Integrons are considered as to play a significant role in the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes.
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (collected from Zanjan hospitals between March 2015 and February 2016) were investigated for molecular characterization of MBLs and Class I and II integrons. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also performed based on the CLSI guidelines. The frequency of MBL producing isolates and the susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents were investigated.
Results: Based on the obtained results, Bla_IMP was the most frequently detected metallo-β-lactamase. The frequency of bla_VIM, blaSPM, and bla_SIM, in MBL producing isolates was 17.1, 57.1, and 14.1%, respectively. No bla_GIM harboring isolate was detected in our study. We detected two (5.7%) multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from the urine and sputum samples, which harbored bla_NDM-1. These isolates also contained bla_IMP and bla_SPM. Class I integron was detected in 94.3% of the MBL positive isolates while 8.5% of the isolates contained Class II integrons. Of five different gene cassettes identified in Class I and II integrons, cassette encoding resistance to trimethoprim (dfr) was found to be predominant.
Conclusion: These results indicate that Class I integrons are widespread among the MBL producing P. aeruginosa isolates. Therefore, appropriate surveillance and control measures are essential to prevent the further spread of MBL and integron producing P. aeruginosa in hospitals.­­

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In 2010- 2012 surveys, witches'- boom disease of tomato was observed in Borazjan area (Bushehr province, Iran). Agent of the disease was transmitted from tomato to tomato and eggplant by grafting and to Madagascar periwinkle via dodder inoculation, inducing phytoplasma-type symptoms in inoculated plants. Presence of phytoplasma in naturally affected tomatoes and all symptomatic graft and dodder inoculated plants was confirmed by direct and nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using primer pairs P₁/P₇ and R₁₆F_2n/R₁₆R₂. BLAST search and phylogenetic analysis of 16SrDNA showed that detected phytoplasma belonged to peanut witches'- broom (16SrII) group. Phylogenetic analysis, percent homology and virtual RFLP indicated that, as a member of 16SrII group, Borazjan tomato witches’- broom (BTWB) phytoplasma together with Bushehr eggplant and alfalfa witches’- broom (BEWB and BAWB, respectively) phytoplasmas were classified with Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia, a phytoplasma related to 16SrII-D subgroup. Based on the same analysis, BTWB, BEWB and BAWB phytoplasmas were differentiable from three other Iranian 16SrII related phytoplasmas associated with alfalfa witches'- broom diseases in Yazd and Fars provinces and lime witches'- broom disease in southern Iran.This is the first report of tomato witches'- broom disease and characterization of its associated phytoplasma in Iran.

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Aim: The present study investigated the relationship between religiosity (religious orientation) and vitality and mental health in male and female prisoners of North Khorasan Province, Iran.
Methods: 130 of 200 male and female prisoners were selected as sample size, and religiosity questionnaires were distributed among them (Intrinsic-extrinsic religious belief in this study was measured by Religious Orientation Scale, developed by Allport Regression test was used to analyze the data gathered in this study.
Findings: the research finding showed a significant relationship between religious orientation and mental health and vitality of prisoners, which means that the relationship between mental health and being religious is stronger than the relationship between vitality and being religious. In other words, the more is religiosity, the less are symptoms, and as a result, the more are mental health and vitality. The results showed that the proportion of mental health and vitality of males was larger than females. Also the proportion of religiosity among females was larger than males.
Conclusion: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between religious orientation and the mental health of prisoners.

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The present study was to evaluate the impact of feeding level and fish size on the growth factors,carcass composition and digestibility of rainbow trout. Six experimental treatments were assigned by the use of three feeding levels (maintenance, medium and satiation levels) and two fish sizes (43.02 ± 2.93 and 231.32± 6.74g) according to a 3×2 factorial design.  There were three replicates for each treatment and the experiment lasted for 59 days. The results showed that there is a significant interaction effect between fish size and feeding level for body weight gain, final body weight and specific growth (p<0.05). Body composition (dry matter, energy, moisture, fat and protein) was affected by feeding level and size of the fish (p<0.05). However, the interaction effect between fish size and feeding level for body composition was not significant (p>0.05).The digestibility measurements showed that fish size and feeding level  changed  significantly digestibility of protein, lipid, energy and dry matter in rainbow trout (p<0.05). Maximum growth at satiation feeding level can reduce feed conversion ratio and increase waste production at both fish sizes.

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Nowadays, many organizations deal with increasing competition and environmental uncertainty, which caused by innovations in technologies and changes in customer needs. Considering this condition and existing environment, old and traditional supply chain has lost its efficiency. One efficient method in this regard is leagility. Thus, to model the leagility of supply chain, different researches was reviewed in literature. Results of these researches and experts interviews lead to 15 critical success factors of leagilty in supply chain. These factors were ask by an ISM and DEMATEL techniques questionnaires and experts were asked to set the relationships. Acquired results were analyzed by these two techniques. Obtained maps and relations showed that for both techniques using IT, management, employee training, designing supply chain network, process standardization and demand and supply management are the basics of leagilty in supply chain. This model would help supply chain managers with strategic planning to make improvement in leagility supply chain.

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It seems that the issue of exclusion of cities and its management after collapsing physical walls of city is regarded as an important issue toward development and guidance of city. For achieving to this goal the required conditions and tools shall be provided.One of the most paramount points which should be taken into consideration in physical and spatial Organization of Iranian – Islamic metropolitans is the transformation of villas and villages and existing cities in connection with metropolitans. Regarding the fact that the expansion of urbanism as a demographic phenomenon has been closely entwined with the activities done in the cities, and considering the fact that the expansion of physical boundaries of the cities occurs due to the accumulation of population, each and every single kind of control over the privacy of the metropolitans is according to the study of the bilateral relationship existing between population and activity in the scope of the city privacy. This research relies on a descriptive- analysis approach and by using the population prediction models and activity prediction models scrutinize the current situation of activities and population of Tehran and probe into its further changes. The results of this research reveals the fact that the population and activity growth is still continuing in Tehran and its suburbs, and the reduction in the number of habitats and workshops in some periods of census does not mean the evacuation of settlements or the factory closures, but it discloses The phenomenon of early disruption of rural areas and their merger, the expansion of Tehran, and an alteration in the statistical area at the time of census. Spatial organization of centers of work & activity in Tehran by its environmental condition, settlement patterns, economic activities (and their changes), and social processes. A large number of factors affect the city’s spatial organization and the dispersal of activities, the most important of which are the city’s environmental, historical, socio-economic, transportation, and economic structures. In recent years, due to a lack of governmental control, interference of decisions made by authorities, and the adoption of uncoordinated policies of land management, Tehran has experienced irreparable bioenvironmental damages; farming lands have been sold illegally and turned into residential areas and more and more unofficial settlements have appeared to accommodate low income groups. The spatial distribution of the people migrating to Tehran in various periods shows that due to the social and economic changes happening in the country, the number and origin of migrants have also changed. During the years 1976 to 1986, migration from villages to cities did not cease. The villagers suffering from the consequences of the Land Reform made before the revolution and the consequences of the imposed war after the revolution continued to rush to cities. The migrants came to Tehran from the south and the northwest. The greatest number of migrants came to the city of Tehran were from Tehran province A glance at the map of Tehran and its surrounding settlements shows that most of these settlements, situated in the fertile plain of the south and southwest of Tehran and the west of Karaj, have a population of over 5000 (potential candidates for becoming a city) or a population of between 2000 to 5000. Settlements on this plain have always had the potential for turning into a city. It has good soil, a moderate slope, and easy access to water and main roads. In addition to population, many large industrial units are settled there; it will also be the main center for population settlement and industrial development in the future. The mountainous areas and the heights, which have surrounded the northern half of Tehran like a wall, and the dry areas in the Southwest cannot compete with the plain in attracting business activities and population. With the expansion of national and regional road networks connecting Tehran to other cities and the settlement of new industries and other activities requiring large and cheap land around Tehran, as well as the transfer of certain businesses to outer areas, the surrounding cities and settlements have rapidly expanded and developed, attracting a large population in recent decades. These settlements todayform a great part of Tehran province. Thus the greatest population density around Tehran is observed in the southern areas and in such cities as Islam Shahr, Pakdasht, Rey, and the areas along Tehran-Karaj highway and the city of Shahreyar. Islamshahr, Ghods and Gharchak, the largest cities of the province after Tehran and Karaj, were originally unofficial settlements that later turned into cities. These cities played two important roles in business activities and population settlement; first, business activities have moved closed the city to its infrastructural facilities and as a result, the population has moved closer to work place to make maximal use of urban services. Second, low income groups have been forced to move from the city to the settlements in order to avoid expensive housing and work places. As a result, high income families have moved to the northern areas with better climate and the low income families have moved to surrounding settlements where they can find cheap land and services for the poor. A study of the residential areas of the low income population in the marginal areas of Tehran in recent decades shows that, unlike in industrial and developed countries, in Tehran it is the low income groups that have moved considerably. They have left the central areas due to the high costs of living and have migrated to the marginal areas where housing is cheap. They have settled in scattered villages and estates, where they are deprived of the minimum urban services and infrastructure. They have increased the costs of urban management for organizing these unofficial settlements and improving living and bioenvironmental conditions. The dramatic increase in the trend of absorption of population in the villages from one side, and the reduction in the number of rural zones around the metropolitans and large cities such as Karaj, Islamshahr, Varamin, Shahryiar, malard, golestan and Ghale-hassankhan(Qods) has a close similarity with the sharp trend of absorption of population of the villages located in the suburb of Tehran and the reduction in the number of rural zones Between 55-1345 and 65-1355.consequently, according to the Aforementioned point, it could be mentioned that the big cities around Tehran and their surroundings are experiencing the trend similar to The one Tehran and its suburbs have experienced in the last four Decades. However, the difference here is that, they are not passing their evolutionary period. Thus, in near future, it does not seem Strange if the metropolitan phenomenon occurs, and the challenges like the ones which exist in Tehran happen in other big cities located Nearby Tehran. In this regard, it is suggested that instead of Developing the borders of the urban space of Tehran as a metropolitan to the other sides of the borders of the provinces of Robatkarim and Shahriar, the functional chains of the associated cities are recognized, and a revision is done in bordering Tehran. Finally, by using the SWOT model in conjunction with the acquired findings through the research, practical strategies for an efficient management of both population and activity of the privacy of Tehran, as a metropolitan have been proposed.

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Aims: Infectious diseases are among the most serious diseases that may lead to death in many parts of the world. This study was conducted to investigate the main causes of mortality among patients hospitalized in the infectious ward and respiratory ICU of Sina hospital in Hamadan.
Materials & Methods: The medical records of patients hospitalized from March 2012 to March 2017 in the infectious ward and respiratory ICU were investigated, those not surviving during the hospitalization.
Findings: A total of 593 medical records of patients were reviewed, of which 534 cases were enrolled in this study. Among which, 426 (79.8 %) and 108 (20.2%)cases were related to patients hospitalized in the respiratory ICU and infectious ward, respectively The mortality rate during 2012 to 2016 was calculated as follows: 4.69% in 2012, 6.31% in 2013, 4.68% in 2014, 5.2% in 2015, and 5.8% in 2016. This study results showed that the most common causes of mortality were sepsis (44.4%) in the respiratory ICU and pneumonia (25.3%) in the infectious ward. The highest rates of case fatality were related to sepsis (237cases, 48.2%) and pulmonary embolism (15 cases, 44.1%).
Conclusions: The present study findings showed that sepsis and pneumonia were the most common causes of death among patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases ward and respiratory ICU; also, sepsis and pulmonary embolism accounted for the highest case fatality rates.

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Introduction
Regional planning as an interesting and very important topic in the planning system of many countries around the world, is in the middle position of the planning hierarchy; It may sometimes be placed in a wrong position, which is often created under the pressure of powerful national and local elements of the planning system. In this way, its position is sometimes declining and sometimes growing. But what has drawn attention over time is the enduring nature and existential nature of this issue, which, like many other issues require this level of intervention. Therefore, it is believed that due to the increasing problems and challenges of today's society, there is a greater need for regional planning. Based on the studies done, balanced and sustainable development has been one of the main goals of the country for a long time. So that, with fluctuations, attention has been given to the category of "regional development" in the policies and development planning before and after the Islamic revolution, and in a sense, they have been among the components that the analysis of their effects on the face of the national system is very important at the level of micro-lawyers.
Methodology
The research method is descriptive-analytic, and library resources such as first-class sources, case-oriented articles and researches, and documents and documents available in the program and budget organization are used; Specifically, inferential methodology should be used to understand and explain the place of "regional planning and development" in the development programs before and after the revolution, and the possibility of comparison between them should be provided.
Research findings
What has attracted attention over time is the enduring nature and existential nature of this issue, which, like many other issues, requires this level of intervention. Therefore, it is believed that due to the increasing problems and challenges of today's society, there is a greater need for regional planning. Also, based on the field of regional perspective in development plans, it can be said that with regard to the general missions of land development and regional development in providing spatial justice in regions and creating equal and fair opportunities, access to resources, services and development achievements for all and in line with the implementation of the general policies of resistance economy and in order to creating a balance and benefiting the regions and provinces from facilities and improving their ability and flexibility against all kinds of environmental and external threats, competitive advantages must be created in the provinces and their relative advantages should be used optimally. Since, industrial investment in less developed areas should be promoted, the links between the border territories with the interior of the country should be strengthened, and in line with the national and trans-national role determined for the regions and provinces of the country, the role of medium and small cities should be strengthened, and also the metropolises should maintain their role, but decentralizing their national policy making is vital.
Conclusions
It can be seen that regional planning is a matter of interest and very important in the planning system of many countries around the world, since it is in the middle position in the planning hierarchy; It may sometimes be placed in a wrong position, which is often created under the pressure of powerful national and local elements of the planning system. In this way, its position is sometimes declining and sometimes growing. But what has drawn attention over time is the enduring nature and existential nature of this issue, which like many other issues require this level of intervention. Therefore, it is believed that due to the increasing problems and challenges of today's society, there is a greater need for regional planning. As can the current research findings shows, the failure of regional development planning and the division of spatial work with intensity and weaknesses in the programs before and after the revolution, causes the increase and widening of the areas of inequality between different regions. In general, fluctuations in the concept and function of regional planning in Iran is rooted in the country's structural obstacles both before and after the revolution. The ever-increasing centralization structure and the dominance of the planning procedure from top to bottom, departmental approach in planning, ambiguity in the legal status and executive guarantee of regional planning, lack of belief in planning and lack of planning culture and planability at different levels. The country's management, the lack of necessary and desirable platforms in order to attract the participation of the people and the private sector, the lack of organization in the regional Echelon, the non-compliance of plans with the existing realities, the non-compliance of upstream documents, the dominance of the abstract aspect on the plans and the like are among the main obstacles in the way of the development of regional planning in Iran

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This trial was to investigate the effect of emulsifier on growth performance, blood factors and carcass composition in rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss) fed fat powder diet. A basal diet was formulated using common feed ingredients supplemented with 0.5 and 1% of cholic acid and 2 and 4% of tween80, plus a control diet without emulsifier, leading to five experimental diets. Juvenile rainbow trout with an initial weight of 27.32±2.03 g was fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. The results showed no significant differences between the value of body weight increasing (BWI), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FCR) and hepato somatic index (HSI) (P>0.05) while, visceral somatic index (VSI) was significantly higher in control diet. Emulsifier had significant effects on blood parameters such as white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), MCV, MCH and MCHc (P<0.05). Diet containing 0.5% cholic acid showed higher value of WBC while control diet led to higher value of RBC. Results of serum analysis showed that inclusion of emulsifier was effected albumin, glucose and total protein value (P<0.05). 0.5% cholic acid led to the highest value among groups. Assessment of carcass composition showed significant differences among diets (P<0.05). The highest body protein values were observed in diet 0.5% cholic acid while body fat was the lowest in the same diet. It seems that emulsifier could maintain protein by fat utilization and considering no significant differences between different treatments of growth performance addition of 0.5% cholic acid is suggested.

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Syntactic movement is one of the most attractive parts of the Universal Grammar which has conserved its importance from the starting models of this theory to its recent models; and there have been a lot of explanations for the operations of this syntactic process in the language structures of different languages. Despite many efforts of Persian linguists, many issues of Universal Grammar, especially in minimalist approach, are still unexplored in the Persian language.
In this paper, we will have a more detailed investigation of the syntax of Persian sentences and the complexities of this kind of movements, on the basis of Minimalism. Regarding this objective, we will introduce some unique and distinguishing properties of downward movements and will study four types of downward movements in Persian language, from which downward movements of the heads of Agreement, Tense and Negation projections can be mentioned.
It seems that, accepting the possibility of syntactic downward movements, there will be better explanations for the syntax of Persian sentences and the positions of functional nodes in the hierarchical organization of Persian sentences in their derivation.
 

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Proteins are not only considered as a nutritional source but also are responsible for a number of functional properties such as solubility, emulsification, foaming capacity and gel formation in food products. However, insolubility of the proteins (as can be seen in gluten) and therefore their insufficient functional properties have created some limita-tions for their incorporation in formulated foods. Studies have indicated that chemical and/or enzymatic modifications are potential ways to improve proteins functionality. In this study gluten was extracted from two wheat varieties, Sardary and Mahdavi, and then modified by deamidation, acylation (succuinylation and acetylation) as well as enzymatic hydrolysis. Functional properties such as solubility measured as nitrogen solubility (NSI), emulsifying capacity (EC), foaming capacity (FC) and stability (FS) as well as the electro-phoresis patterns of native glutens were studied and compared with those of chemically- and/or enzymatically-treated samples. Most modifications significantly increased NSI from 20 to more than 70% and EC up to 35%. A great increase was also evidenced in foaming capacity that increased from 80 ml of foam volume in native samples to about 180 ml of foam in all the treated samples; however, only deamidated samples had stable foam over the time. Electrophoresis patterns indicated that, among chemical modifica-tions, deamidation caused limited hydrolysis of gluten polypeptides while enzymatic hy-drolysis led to a pronounced reduction in the molecular weight of wheat gluten polypep-tides (less than 15 KD) of both varieties.

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The present study is a meta-analysis of research implemented in the field of human resource management. The purpose of this study is to quantify the results of research conducted in the field of the impact of human resource management functions using the ability-motivation-opportunity (A-M-O) model on the organizational outputs. Using the effect size calculation method and CMA2 software, 145 articles in the period of 2008 – 2019 taken from management research journals in Iran have been reviewed. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between the HRM functions and the organizational outputs. Findings of this study for managers of organizations indicate that investing in ability-enhancing, motivation-enhancing, and the opportunity-enhancing functions in human resource management will have a significant and positive effect on increasing financial and operational output of organizations.

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Aims: Cities play a key role in promoting human values. Nowadays, population growth, widespread urbanization in developing countries, demographic change, environmental challenges, economic problems, urban transportation problems, advances in information and communication technology, and bureaucracy have necessitated the need for smart urban governance. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide a model of smart urban governance with a future study approach.
Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical and exploratory. The statistical community is experts in the field of research. The sample size was determined using Roscoe rules 45 people and the sampling method is snowball.
Findings:  the key drivers of smart city governance were extracted from Latin sources as well as the Delphi method, 9 key drivers for the future of smart city governance were considered. In the next step, scenarios were developed for each driver and strategies were considered for each desired scenario. Finally, the model of smart city governance in Rasht was presented.
Conclusion: direct citizenship education, design of public participation opportunities, formulation of local policies, integrated urban management, create a financial model to allocate appropriate budgets, development of data communication infrastructure and access network, encourage investors, develop The law as a means of attracting private sector investment in public infrastructure, Creating open data portals, enacting strong laws to protect the privacy, providing online services and eliminating bureaucracy and careful planning of smart government at the national level, the highest score in achieving They achieved the model of futuristic smart city governance.

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This paper examines the subdivision, share holding and regulations in the urban planning of Iran. The rules and regulations of subdivision and share holding in urban lands are suitable mechanism for spatial layout, restricting unsuitable growth of cities and preventing the destruction of good lands for different land-uses, especially for residential applications. It is necessary that subdivision and share holding to be used on the basis of master, detailed and guide plans. Registry offices and courts of justice interfere in subdivision and share holding. Of course, these organizations act on the basis of urban master plans and executive maps of the municipalities. The current rules can not prevent solely from illegal subdivisions and share holdings. Therefore, efficient management and cultural education of individuals can promote the ongoing situation in Iran.

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