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Translation Studies seems to have succeeded to establish itself as an area of enquiry for scholars. Patterns of flourishing this discipline with its diverse audience is not well studied, though. The present study used scientometric and bibliometric analyses to identify and assess topics and trends of Translation Studies over time, as evidence of evolution over the course of time. Documents (from 1931 to 2021) were extracted from Scopus to examine relevant indicators; document types, top journals, authors’ networks, institutes/universities, organizational support, countries and interdisciplinary contributions. In addition, VOSviewer, network and cluster density visualization and word co-occurrences were utilized to analyze and evaluate the development of the field. Trend analysis was considered at three intervals. The analyses showed that over a 90-year time span (1931-2021), 13916 documents were published by 21509 authors from 16323 institutes/universities that contributed to the scientific mobility of Translation Studies. Authors’ cooperation from 124 countries emerged in four clusters led by the US, the UK, Spain and China. In its course of development, Translation Studies witnessed a remarkable proliferation of documents since the 2000s onward. Relevant topics were shown by keywords analysis, and interrelationships of Translation Studies with other disciplines were explored. The findings offer analyses of trends and topics in Translation Studies, as evidence of scientific evolution, attested by the interdisciplinary contributions and bibliometric findings.
 

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In this research, an apparatus was made and utilized to determine the friction coeffi-cient of chickpea grains on steel surfaces. Experiments were carried out on two black and galvanized surfaces and at four sliding velocities of 5, 20, 100 and 500 mm/min, at three moisture content of 7.5%, 15% and 21% wet basis (w.b.) and at three vertical pressure values of 14.28, 100 and 150 kPa. The following results were obtained. 1) For surface conditioning, the steel plates need to be passed through the grains for at least 7 times. 2) At low sliding velocity, by increasing the velocity from 5 to 20 mm/min, the dynamic friction coefficient of chickpea grains increased, and at a sliding velocity of 500 mm/min it was decreased. 3) For the black steel surface, by increasing the moisture content of chickpea grains from 7.5% to 15% w.b., the value of the friction coefficient in-creased; but at a moisture content of 21% w.b., it decreased. For galvanized steel sur-faces, and sliding velocities of 5 and 20 mm/min, increasing the moisture content, the value of friction coefficient was found to decreased, but for sliding velocities of 100 and 500 mm/min it’s behaviour was similar to the black steel surface. 4) Normal pressure has no significant effect on the friction coefficient (at 0.01 level) and the difference between the mean values of the coefficient of friction associated with the normal pressure of 14.28 kPa and 100 kPa, as well as 100 kPa and 150 kPa was not significant at the 0.05 signifi-cance level.

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By accepting the role of human will in accepting and forming, maintaining, and using belief-forming procedures, John Heil emphasizes the responsibility of man towards beliefs. Despite Heil's defense of indirect doxastic voluntarism, he follows a graded process from the directness of the will's role in the procedure of forming and maintaining belief to the indirect influence of accepting and forming belief. In the formation of beliefs, Heil does not accept the direct will to believe, which is based on the famous idea of Cartesian. However, by distinguishing between direct doxastic voluntarism and indirect doxastic voluntarism, explaining the concept of basic and non-basic acts, and expressing procedures and techniques such as behavioral change, he tries to interpret the acceptance and formation of beliefs under the voluntary but indirect control of people. In this research, by using the analytical-critical method, we aim to show that by modifying Heil's view, accepting epistemic responsibility based on the view of indirect doxastic voluntarism is meaningful.
 

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New telecommunications technologies as newest and most complicated part of electronic communications technologies, because of invisibility of flows and little dependence on physical place, have a unique nature comparing with other types of communications, especially transportation. In fact, these technologies provide transmission of information – as the most important factor in the new global economy- and capital in an unbelievable speed – almost the speed of light- by electronic networks like optic fibers and wireless systems, regardless of physical and geographical features. Therefore, it seems that the development of these communication technologies in today’s urban life may cause completely new changes. These changes may influence all economic, social, physical and spatial aspects and finally, shape the future of urban and regional life. Concentrating on spatial and geographical aspect, there are some notable researches, especially castells’ works on informational society, who has developed the theory of “space of flows” as the dominant logic of new geography in contrast with the “space of places”. He argues that an important part of these flows is bidirectional electronic communications. Now, based on this theory, the key question is that what are the main impacts of this dominant and the development of new telecommunications technologies on the spatial structure of the metropolitan areas? And what could be the future of metropolitan spatial structure? In this case, some argued that the development of this placeless and timeless kind of communication technologies leads to significant decrease in place and time constraints in inter-regional relations. This trend results in increasing functional relationships between metropolitan areas and so, blurring these area’s boundaries. Eventually, these areas integrate into one great spatial unit, named as “mega city-region”. In this research, we aim to examine the hypothesis of formation and evolution of “mega city-region” in Japan as one of the most important hubs of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the world, based on trend-analysis strategy and the canonical correlation method between transportation and telecommunications indicators In order to explore some of the new telecommunications technologies’ impact on the spatial structure of the metropolitan areas. The results indicate that there is a direct relationship between telecommunications and transportation. This relation not only shows a trend contrasts with usual expectations, which thinks that the telecommunications and virtual spaces can reduce the demand for spatial mobility and it’s infrastructures- but also means that the simultaneous increase in inter-regional functional relations (both electronic and physical communications) between Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya metropolitan areas. Following this, with developing the functional integration between these areas, the distinction of previous boundaries has been faced with many difficulties. Therefore, this situation can cause to the rise of Japanese Mega city-region, named as “TOKAIDO” the greatest spatial unit in the hurt of japan. This fact may signify the rising of new possible changes in the future of urban and regional spatial structure and provide a situation in which, the current urban planning and management methods -based on industrial age spatial principals- face with many challenges. So, the restructuring of urban policy and planning in the information age may be inevitable. This relation not only shows a trend contrasts with usual expectations, which thinks that the telecommunications and virtual spaces can reduce the demand for spatial mobility and it’s infrastructures- but also means that the simultaneous increase in inter-regional functional relations (both electronic and physical communications) between Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya metropolitan areas. Following this, with developing the functional integration between these areas, the distinction of previous boundaries has been faced with many difficulties. Therefore, this situation can cause to the rise of Japanese Mega city-region, named as “TOKAIDO” the greatest spatial unit in the hurt of japan. This fact may signify the rising of new possible changes in the future of urban and regional spatial structure and provide a situation in which, the current urban planning and management methods -based on industrial age spatial principals- face with many challenges. So, the restructuring of urban policy and planning in the information age may be inevitable. This fact may signify the rising of new possible changes in the future of urban and regional spatial structure andprovide a situation in which, the current urban planning and management methods -based on industrial age spatial principals- face with many challenges. So, the restructuring of urban policy and planning in the information age may be inevitable. This relation not only shows a trend contrasts with usual expectations, which thinks that the telecommunications and virtual spaces can reduce the demand for spatial mobility and it’s infrastructures- but also means that the simultaneous increase in inter-regional functional relations (both electronic and physical communications) between Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya metropolitan areas. Following this, with developing the functional integration between these areas, the distinction of previous boundaries has been faced with many difficulties. Therefore, this situation can cause to the rise of Japanese Mega city-region, named as “TOKAIDO” the greatest spatial unit in the hurt of japan. This fact may signify the rising of new possible changes in the future of urban and regional spatial structure and provide a situation in which, the current urban planning and management methods -based on industrial age spatial principals- face with many challenges. So, the restructuring of urban policy and planning in the information age may be inevitable

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Using Non-Islamic patterns in residential architecture in Iran, any logic has led to disruption in the
belt form of residential architecture of Iran. Such disrupted conditions have been also found in
social relations. Change in composition and method of distribution of residential texture in the form
of evacuation of downtown and old regions and growth of sub-urbanism without the development of
citizenship are some aspects of the crisis in the social condition of housing and social behavior in the City of
Tehran. The above effects will result in abnormal behaviors which are automatically extended to social
disturbances.
Statistical studies on the modern forms of residential buildings in Tehran which are designed as high
rises are followed and frequency of the antisocial events in this type of housing has been appraised.
The present study comprises the residential areas that have been included in the urban design of Iran
influenced by western societies and the related norms and contradictions have been compared in the
behavior of the residents of single unit houses, multiunit houses and residential complexes.
Analyzing the spatial perception in the assessment and evaluation regarding the environmental
satisfaction based on the visual perception of the districts pattern evolution is the subject under
discussion in this article. “Visual satisfaction of the surrounding environment” has been formed by
analyzing the data that may be used as a tool for achieving visual perception and conception in
urban spaces as well as introducing the effective factors contributing to the satisfaction and/or
dissatisfaction of the citizens.
Introduction:
Furthermore, this study presents an analysis of evaluation of urban structure environmental perception.
Assessment of phenomena such as Abundance of antisocial events, decrease the dependence
and interest of the citizens regarding their environment, disorganization, and disturbances in the
environment appearance, have been performed in the residential districts texture. Evaluation of the
extent of the environmental dissatisfaction includes a wide range of factors which totally reflect the
value of environmental quality. The next step is to study the visual perception and conception “mental
the arrangement of surrounding environment visual structure” with the method of structural factors
analysis of assessment of the space. Structural factor analysis and its comparison with the identification
and evaluation of the qualitative model of factors contributing to dissatisfaction in residential
environments under study will also discuss the priority of undesirable residential environment visual
factors. Finally, the research conducted on details of the crisis of social disorders that have already been
analyzed and indicates that evaluation of the extent of visual-environmental dissatisfaction include a
wide range of factors and that the district textures and built for do not follow any framework without
identification of cultural index such that in case of any failure in the prevention of such a condition, it may
lead to the social identity crisis.
Literature:
Environment appearance structure is the most important element influencing on urban communities
which may increase or decrease interaction among individuals with the environment surrounding
them. The importance of each element contributing in appearance components in urban spaces,
causes to form documentary theories such as (CPTED).
In inclination towards foreseeing and equalizing the objectives, methods, and solutions, responding to
the various demands and needs in different cities and communitieshas already been failed. Reaction to 
this situation analyzed a large number of theories and approaches for urban planning and design with
qualified, small and certain human scales within the scope of local community and the findings make
them far away from their own positive traditions and their appropriate native cultural identification.
A historical survey on global experiences in policy making for neighborhood excerptional pattern
indicate the common problem of destroying self-oriented social relations and concept of collective
life in such neighborhoods which undeniably cause to destroy the feeling of social cohision and
continually losing of social capital in neighborhood pattern. Also the existence of high population
which makes conjested neighborhoods may lay suitable backgrounds for committing social crimes
and damages which in turn directly influence the perception of the dwellers’ security and safety.
Studies conducted include two different textures of a neighborhood and the research process is
based on recognizing coherence between anti-social behavior and design variables in the pattern of
residential neighborhood.
In summary, the article studies two different textures in the selected neighborhood and compare
them to find the relation between the abnormal behaviour and the type and pattern of the residential
places in there.
Conclusion:
Assessment of the neighbourhood dwellers about their living places influences the level or extent
of the achieving objectives and success in urban projects. Also by recognizing factors contributing
on inhabitants’ degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, and understanding available conditions
regarding residence quality, the future approaches have been sugested for promoting the environment
qualitative level and prevention from repetition of some inappropriate actions in other places.
In the literature, satisfaction from environmental appearance has been considered as a key criterion
for the evaluation of the degree of environment quality. This is due to the important fact that the
high-quality environment is defined as an environment which brings a high level of satisfaction feelings
to its population through socio-cultural and physical means.

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Backgrounds: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection is mainly manifested as erythema infectiosum in children. Primary B19V infection during pregnancy is accompanied by a 30% risk of fetal infection, especially in epidemic conditions. Given the important impact of parvovirus B19 infection on maternal and neonate health, this study assessed parvovirus B19 susceptibility among women of childbearing age in Mashhad, northeast Iran.
Materials & Methods: Serum samples were collected from 185 women aged 20-35 years living in Mashhad. Cluster sampling was performed in different health centers located in the city to cover the main city area. A commercial ELISA kit was used to measure IgG antibodies against B19V. This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards mentioned in the declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was taken from all participants. A questionnaire was filled by each participant. SPSS software Version 11.5 was used for statistical analyses.
Findings: Anti-B19 IgG was observed in about 31% of women. Seroprevalence of anti- B19 antibodies among different age groups (with 5-year intervals) was not significantly different (p=.839). Also, there was no significant difference among different city areas of Mashhad in terms of anti-B19 IgG seropositivity (.39, p>.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of parvovirus B19 infection varies in different parts of the world. Comparing to other reports, the present study revealed a rather low immunity against parvovirus B19 among women in Mashhad. These findings highlight the potential risk of B19 infection in non-immune/susceptible mothers, which may lead to sever outcomes, especially during epidemics.

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Research subject: Permeability and high selectivity are two important factors of gas separation membranes. To achieve such parameters, gas separation membranes can be modified and improved in terms of material type, material ratio, structure, and etc. For this purpose, in this research, the performance of chitosan-gallic acid/polysulfone thin film composite membranes (TFC) has been improved in CO₂ gas separation.
Research approach: To prepare chitosan-gallic acid/polysulfone TFC membranes, a nanometer-scale thin layer of chitosan-gallic acid was formed on the polysulfone support layer (PSF). Following this, chitosan-gallic acid composite thin layer membranes were synthesized with different mass ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 1:2). Various analytical techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray Photoelectric Spectroscopy )XPS(, were used to examine the structure of the TFC membranes, alongside CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂ separation tests.
Main results: Examining the chemical structure of the synthesized membranes showed the successful formation of chitosan-gallic acid chains on the PSF surface. The microscopic images of the synthesized membranes showed that a dense thin layer of chitosan-gallic acid was uniformly formed on the PSF support layer. The highest CO₂ separation was achieved with a chitosan-gallic acid mass ratio of 1:2. Increasing the gallic acid content in the selective layer of the thin film composite membrane resulted in improved CO₂ permeability, increasing from 294.4 GPU and 347.2 GPU for the 1:1 and 2:1 membrane, respectively, to 411.1 GPU for the 1:2 membrane. Additionally, the permeability of CH₄ and N₂ gases through the thin film composite (1:2) membrane was measured at 24.6 GPU and 19.2 GPU, respectively. The gas selectivity calculations revealed an increase in selectivity for CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂, rising from 13.84 and 17.165 in the 1:1 membrane and 9.684 and 12.969 in the 2:1 membrane to 16.711 and 21.411 in the 1:2 membranes. The results showed that the performance of the chitosan-gallic acid thin layer membrane, which was used for the first time in CO₂ separation, was acceptable.
 

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Aims: It is very important to maintain oral health during pregnancy because it has short- and long-term effects on the health of women and children. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting tooth brushing behavior among pregnant women based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model.
Instruments & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 275 pregnant women under the coverage of the health centers of Arak, Iran, selected by cluster sampling method in 2021. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which was constructed and validated in this study. The questionnaire contained items about demographic variables and Health Promotion Model constructs. Data were analyzed in SPSS 18 software using regression models.
Findings: The mean age of participants was 29.67±5.54. Only 24% of pregnant women brushed twice a day or more. Perceived Self-efficacy (β=0.157, p=0.020), perceived barriers of action (β= -0.138, p=0.049), and interpersonal influence (modeling) (β=0.188, p=0.002) had significant relationships with commitment to a plan of action. The pregnant women who had more self-efficacy (OR: 1.114, 95% CI: 1.012-1.225) and more commitment to a plan of action (OR: 1.802, 95% CI: 1.509-2.153) were more likely to brush their teeth twice or more a day.
Conclusion: Perceived self-efficacy and commitment to a plan of action are determinant factors of brushing behavior in pregnant women based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model.
 

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The present study was conducted in order to obtain the necessary information on the diversity, abundance and distribution of macroinvertebrates, as well as to investigate the grazing status of batoid fishes (stingrays) from benthic macroinvertebrtes in coastal waters of Hormozgan province. For this purpose, sampling was done in the years 2017 and 2018 and once every year in the autumn season. At the end of the identification process, a number of 125 genus and 104 species belonging to 85 families, 31 classes, 9 orders, and 7 phyla were successfully identified. Results revealed that Malacostraca was the frequent order in the studied area. In order to investigate the possible relationship between composition and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrte and stingrays, CCA analysis was employed. Results of stomach content of stingrays revealed that in the diet of M. randall, crustacean (93.25 %IRI) has the highest amount. This pattern was the same for M. gerrardi and H. walga. However, in M. gerrardi, bivalvia were in the first place of importance (31.33 %IRI). Also, trophic level analysis was done for three species which shows all species are Mesopredators that place in the same level of food web. According to the mentioned cases, some benthic macroinvertebrates identified in this research have a significant  relationship with the benthic fishes, which requires more studies to investigate their relationship.
 

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  Trichiurus lepturus is one of the most important and commericial species in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.In order to come up with the responsible fishing pattern,there was a need to identify  reproduction characteristics. Data were collected randomly from April 2019 to February 2020 from six major artisanal fish-landing sites in Hormuzgan Province (Bandar Parsian, Bandar Kong, Qeshm Island, Bandar Abbas, Bandar Sirik and Bandar Jask). In the detection of sexual stages, the 5-stage key of sexual maturity was used at the macroscopic level. In determining the spawning season, the gonado-somatic index(GSI) was used and its comparison in different months. The lowest GSI of female fish was in September (1.2). The highest GSI of male fish was determined in December with a value of 3.1 and after that in May 2.6. Examination of the GSI and reproductive stages showed two main spawning periods in the middle of spring and late autumn. Different sexual stages were seen in all months of the year, which indicated the batch spawning strategy in T. lepturus. During different months, significant differences in the sex ratio were observed, but during the investigation and in total, no significant difference was observed between the female: male sex ratio in the expected ratio of 1:1.The length at first maturity obtained 78.7 cm total length. It is necessary to ban fishing during the spawning season in order to protect the stocks of this species.
 

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Kermanshah province is the main producer of various chickpea cultivars in Iran. In this study a laboratory peg-tooth thresher was employed for chickpea threshing. The effect of cylinder speed (9, 12, 15 m/s), concave clearance (12, 14, 16 mm), feed rate (80, 160, 240 kg/h) and material moisture content (5, 10, 15% w.b.) was studied on percentage of grain damage, threshing efficiency and percentage of seed germination. The experimental plan for optimization was prepared with response surface methodology technique with composite experiment design. The effects of all independent variables on the response variables were significant. The effect of cylinder speed was the most significant and followed by the moisture content. With increasing cylinder speed in the range of 9 to 15 m/s, the grain damage increased from 4.98 to 47.97%, threshing efficiency increased from 96.81 to 99.69% and seed germination decreased from 85.75 to 55.98%. With increasing moisture content, grain damage and threshing efficiency decreased but seed germination increased. With increasing feed rate and concave clearance, grain damage and threshing efficiency decreased while, seed germination increased. The optimized point was determined at the cylinder speed of 10.63 m/s, concave clearance of 13.74 mm, feed rate of 240 kg/h and moisture content of 12% (w.b.). In this condition, the optimum values of grain damage, threshing efficiency and seed germination were 3%, 98.3% and 84.29%, respectively.

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A method based on Machine Vision System (MVS) is hereby employed to evaluate grape drying through an assessment of the fruit’s shrinkage and quality during the dehydration. Experimental data as well as captured images are obtained at an air velocity of 1.4 m s^-1 and different drying temperatures (50, 60, 70ºC). The results indicated the effect of temperature on the moisture content, shrinkage and color changes. The moisture content along with color changes (ΔE) were modeled and linear regressions applied to correlate the fruit’s shrinkage as well as color features to the moisture content. The results obtained, displayed that there existed good linear relationships between the fruit’s moisture content, and shrinkage as well as color. The results also revealed that the moisture content vs. quality of the grape could be online evaluated through machine vision during the drying process.

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Behavior of braced excavation in a cohesive-frictional soil has been evaluated by present paper. Two groups distinct analyses based on plastic calculations and consolidation calculations were implemented by considering time intervals of staged excavation. In order to investigation of time effect and pore water pressure impact on the staged excavation phases, numerical modeling has been conducted by help of consolidation and plastic analyses. In major of former analysis and before present study numerical analyses of staged excavation procedure have selected without considering the effect of time and in form of plastic analyses, while pore water pressures were also ignored. In this, paper thereto the time effect other effects such as length of time interval, kind of analysis depending on drainage conditions, constitutive modeling for soil and location of ground water table were considered. Two dimensional finite element analyses in PLAXIS 2D software are the basis of the numerical calculations of present study. Excavation bracing selected as a kind of concrete facing wall and grouted soil nailing. The results of this research show that the values of excavation wall lateral displacement and soil heave in bottom of the excavation in consolidation analysis by considering time effect in comparison with plastic analysis often reduced approximately 20%. It seems that effect of time and staged excavation just with implementation of numerical deflection analysis depending on the time such as consolidation analysis with creep models can be evaluated and these conditions in plastic numerical analysis with staged excavation without creep (time-depended) models is meaningless. Soft soil creep model (i.e. SSC model) for considering time effect in plastic and consolidation analyses has been used by authors. The results of present paper show that neither consideration of analyses that consider time interval nor analysis such as consolidation analysis that considers time are not adequate, but soil constitutive model that defines the material behavior must be contains time and also in their mathematic equations structure parameters such as time, strain rate and stress rate that vary with time must be taken into account. Present paper analyses show that consolidation analysis by considering time effect obtain less wall deflections by comparison with plastic analyses. However, from present study outcomes can conclude that the plastic analyses also by considering constitutive model that contain time can take into account time effects in stress-strain calculations. On the other hand, responses of plastic analyses by comparison with consolidation analyses always are preservative and show more values. Therefore, in structural designing of bracing of an excavation, reliance on results obtained from plastic analysis is preservative and real values of time-dependent deflections of wall and bottom of excavation via consolidation analyses are obtainable. This paper has recommended that both plastic and consolidation analyses for designing of braced cut were considered by engineers and optimum system between those according to the economically advantages and disadvantages be selected. Because, occasionally reliance on plastic preservative analyses lead to imposition of high values of design and construction costs on a certain project that is revealed by implementation of consolidation analyses that those are not necessary. At the end of the paper, verifications and comparisons are related to the topic of present study have been carried out by authors and the obtained results have been compared with together and then are investigated with the obtained results by present study.

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The goal of this study was to predict the moisture content of paddy using machine vision and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The grains were dried as thin layer with air temperatures of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80°C and air velocities of 0.54, 1.18, 1.56, 2.48 and 3.27 ms^-1. Kinetics of L*a*b* were measured. The air temperature, air velocity, and L*a*b* values were used as ANN inputs. The results showed that with increase in drying time, L* decreased, but a* and b* increased. The effect of air temperature and air velocity on the L*a*b* values were significant (P< 0.01) and not significant (P> 0.05), respectively. Changing of color values at 80°C was more than other temperatures. The optimized ANN topology was found as 5-7-1 with Logsig transfer function in hidden layer and Tansig in output layer. Mean square error, coefficient of determination, and mean absolute error of the optimized ANN were 0.001, 0.9630, and 0.031, respectively. 

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In this study, accumulation of H₂O₂, malondialdehyde (MDA) (as cold-induced oxidative stress indicators), the transcript levels of dehydrin and beta-glucosidase genes (involved in metabolic responses) was evaluated in chickpea cv. Jam, using qRT-PCR during control, cold acclimation (CA), cold stress (CS), recovery, and freezing phases. Results showed the existence of wide range of genetic capacity in the cultivar to increase cold tolerance when environmental conditions change. Significant increase in H₂O₂ and MDA content during CA phase indicated that seedlings perceived cold signaling that resulted in remarkable increase in the transcript levels of dehydrin and beta-glucosidase genes as part of defense responses of plants. Balancing the expression of these genes and oxidative stress indicators showed the interplay between two major defense and injury pathways. During freezing phase, the higher transcript levels of these genes in acclimated plants compared to non-acclimated plants showed a more active role for plant cells. An incapability of defense machine in non-acclimated plants was a limiting factor determining the low potential of chickpea plants to freezing phase. It was suggested that adjustment and metabolic alterations like dehydrin and beta-glucosidase genes, especially after CA phase and, thereby, decrease in oxidative stress indicators, could be a reason for relative cold tolerance in chickpea. 

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Hydrokinetic turbine performance depends on different parameters such as blade geometrical parameters (i.e. chord length, blade pitch angle, hydrofoil shape, blade yaw angle and etc.) Kinematic parameters (i.e. water speed, rotational speed and etc.) and another important parameters include tip speed ratio (TSR) and The location of turbine in the Channel or river bed. In this project Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and commercial software ANSYS Fluent 16 are used to simulate hydrokinetic turbine. In numerical simulation used multiple reference frame (MRF) model and the shear-stress transport k-ω SST turbulence model. the grid independency is studied To ensure of numerical results. Also the results are validated with experimental data. At first, for investigate the effect of blade pitch angle and chord length on power coefficient, three different chord length were considered and blade pitch angle over a range of blade pitch angles (0° to 16°) with TSR (2.17 to 6.22) are studied and The results show that maximum power coefficient was found at 10 ° blade pitch angle with 1.676 cm chord length. Based on the results, stall delay depends on blade pitch angle and chord length.

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Biodegradability of food packaging materials is one of the most important parameters of modern food packaging industries. Jug cheese is a hard, somewhat acidic and salty cheese that has a dry appearance and has a higher nutritional value than salt water cheese due to the preservation of nutrients in the curd. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to use a biodegradable film of polyvinyl alcohol and pinto bean starch containing cinnamon, garlic and ginger essential oils to improve the physicochemical and sensory properties of jug cheese and compare with conventional packaging. For this purpose, jug cheese in biodegradable biodegradable film based on polyvinyl alcohol / pinto bean starch (80/20 %) containing different concentrations (3.125, 6.25 and 12.5%) of essential oils Cinnamon, garlic and ginger were packaged and their physicochemical and sensory properties were evaluated during 60 days of storage at 4 ° C and compared with the control sample. The results showed that the use of essential oils and increasing their concentration in biodegradable film caused a significant increase in moisture content and a significant decrease in weight loss and dry matter in jug cheese samples during storage. Also, with increasing storage time, pH, humidity and weight loss decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the amount of acidity, salt and dry matter increased significantly (p<0.05). The sensory evaluation score of the jug cheese samples packed in biodegradable film containing 3.125% of cinnamon and ginger essential oil after 60 days of storage was higher than the control sample. The use of biodegradable films based on pinto bean starch and polyvinyl alcohol along with cinnamon and ginger essential oils are solutions that can improve the physicochemical and sensory properties of jug cheese during storage and Also prevent environmental damage.