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  Morphological and morphometric characters of two species of superfamily Sphaerularioidea, recovered in southwestern Iran namely Deladenus durus and Prothallonema obtusum are given. The recovered specimens of D. durus are characterized by having a valvular chamber in metacorpus and excretory pore posterior to the hemizonid.The Iranian population of P. obtusum is characterized by having four lines in the lateral field, excretory pore anterior to the end of pharynx, not bulgy vulva region and short subcylindrical tail.

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Brassica napus is an important oilseed crop and the yield loss due to fungal disease stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a serious problem in cultivation of this crop. The pathogenesis-related (PR) protein, glucanase, hydrolyzes a major cell wall component, glucan, of the pathogenic fungi and acts as a plant defense barrier. In this study, a β-1,3-glucanase (bgn13.1) gene was isolated from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma virens-10 (showing the high β-glucanase activity) and cloned in pUC19 cloning vector. The cloned fragment was confirmed by molecular analysis and showed to contain two short introns, 52 and 57 bp and an open reading frame coding 761 amino acids. The bgn13.1 gene was over-expressed under the CaMV35S promoter in B. napus, R line Hyola 308. Transformation of cotyledonary petioles was achieved by pBIKH1 containing bgn13.1 gene via Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. The insertion of transgene was verified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genomic DNA Southern dot blotting in T0 generation. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the transgenic canola plants were able to transcribe the β-1,3 glucanase gene. Also, we used transgenic over-expression approach in order to investigate antifungal activity of expressed Bgn13.1 on S. sclerotiorum. The heterologous expressed Bgn13.1 of line # 7 and line # 10 compared with other lines showed stronger inhibition against hyphal growth of S. sclerotiorum with

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Extended abstract
Emotion plays an important role in human life and many of his behaviors and thoughts - consciously or unconsciously - have an emotional origin; therefore, knowing the causes of the emergence of emotions and their method of management have a great impact on mental health and individual and social behavior. In fact, it plays an effective role in creating social peace. What is important in the occurrence of emotions is the role of culture in the type of emotion occurrence and its management method; emotion, like other behaviors, is a product of learning and its appearance can be different in different societies. For example, the way of expressing grief in a mourning ceremony is in the form of crying and sorrow in one culture and in the form of singing and dancing in another, so it is very important to know the cultural aspects of emotion. It is necessary to refer to literature because of the close relationship between literature and culture. Among of all the literary genre, proverbs, considering that they are linguistic symbols of culture and have roots in the culture of their nation, it is possible to find cultural uniqueness characteristics from them. Accordingly, this article examines the cultural factors affecting the formation of emotions and their management method in Dehkhoda's proverbs and sayings, and by examining the evidence obtained, it seeks to achieve these goals: 1. Determining the amount and order of the frequency of emotions in popular culture, 2. The factors and solutions presented for emotions in this work, and 3. Explaining the role of culture in emergence of motions factors and their management.
Review of the Literature
In the field of cultural proverb research, a thesis entitled "Discourse analysis of cultural structures of Persian proverbs based on the proverbs of Dehkhoda" (2008) was conducted, in which the author examines the culture from the perspective of the verbal communication of proverbs. In another work, "Ethnological investigation of ironies in Persian literature (case study of Dehkhoda's proverbs and proverbs)" (2010), the researcher collected and analyzed ironies in proverbs, and classified them according to their frequency, and from the psychological point of view. There is a dissertation entitled "Psychological basis of Persian proverbs" (2014), which is completely different from the subject of the article. Ahmad Parsa (2013) in a part of the book Scientific and Literary Analysis of Persian Parables and Proverbs has devoted a discussion to the expression of external and internal states and inactions in parables, and an article titled "Psychological analysis of fear emotion in Dehkhoda's proverbs" (2019) has focused on the manner and causes of the emotion of fear in proverbs.


Methodology
To achieve the above goals, the method of "inferential content analysis" has been used. The sample is a four-volume book of Dehkhoda's proverbs, and the sample of research is all the Persian proverbs in this work.
Method
The working method is that first the evidence related to the main emotions i.e. anger and hatred, fear, happiness and sadness, love, surprise and shame are extracted. After that, the evidence of classification and the order of frequency of emotions, and occurrence factors are done. Their management solutions have been identified. Finally, according to the commonalities and differences between the topics and psychology, their cultural aspects have been investigated.
Conclusion
The frequency order of these emotions (anger and hatred, fear, sadness, joy, love, shame and surprise) shows that some emotions (anger, fear, sadness and happiness) were more important in our ancient societies and this practice still exists in today's psychology. On the other hand, the low frequency of some others (love, surprise and shame) and the lack of management solutions for them shows the difference and distinction of our culture towards emotions.
In the first category, when the factors and solutions are considered, we see that the most frequent factors of creating emotions are public and have their roots in the popular culture of people; like the cause of anger, two factors are jealousy, competition and verbal violence, and these factors have their roots in human culture. If we go back to the first jealousies in human history, we can see what brought Adam to earth, and Abel and Cain quarreled with each other, it was the jealousy and rivalry of Satan and Cain.  In the case of fear, the two factors of hypocrisy - a kind of fear of sin - and death have the highest frequency and are considered two general factors and have roots in human culture. The reason for expelling a person was to escape from death and access to immortality, and the fear of death is still present in every human being like a phobia. Therefore, it can be concluded that the factors that cause emotions in proverbs and judgments are general principles and can be applied to any period of time. Of course, the root of this kind of look can be found in the literary genre of proverb, because it is a popular literary type and presented to a general audience, it is necessary to focus on general and universal concepts in that center.
But the type of attitude towards the excitement of love is completely cultural. In psychology, all emotions have positive and negative dimensions, but in the case of love in the proverb, unlike other emotions, no negative dimension was observed, that is, an emotion is considered completely positive. This problem can be rooted in the eastern culture, especially Iranian, and shows the importance of this excitement. In the case of the emotion of shame and surprise, this issue is also true, and the examination of the evidence shows that shame is not only considered an emotion, but it has been proposed as an accepted moral principle, and the acceptance of shame and emphasis on it is rooted in the influence of religious beliefs. It is in the ancient culture of Iran, but in the case of surprise, it seems that it is not recognized as an excitement at all.
Regarding the high-frequency methods of controlling emotions, first of all, the balance that exists in the control of emotions is prominent, and the existence of very useful ways such as awareness, calming, and replacing more useful emotions, etc., among the highest frequencies, shows that our predecessors meditated and had more careful emotions in control. This balance is more prominent in considering the types of happiness, i.e. the happiness that comes from material and spiritual things. One of the important points that is rooted in Iran's religious culture is more emphasis on sustainable happiness or the non-material factors of creating happiness. In the end, it is suggested that more research be done to integrate psychology and culture in other fields such as children's stories, movies, translation, etc.
References
Dehkhoda, A. A. (1984). Dehkhoda's proverbs, vol. 1. Sepehr Printing.
Dehkhoda, A. A.  (2011a). Dehkhoda's proverbs, vol. 2. Parmis Publishing.
Dehkhoda, A. A.  (2011b). Dehkhoda's proverbs, vol. 3. Parmis Publishing.
Dehkhoda, A. A. (2011c). Dehkhoda's proverbs, vol. 4. Parmis Publishing.
Parsa, S. A. (2014). scientific and literary analysis of Persian’s proverbs. Research.
 

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Objective: The use of bacterial plasmids carrying specific genes of pathogens as genetic vaccines is a relatively new technique for induction of cellular immune responses against microbial pathogens. Mechanisms of production of specific immune responses against these vaccines are not still completely understood. Therefore, it is necessary to examine various routes of inoculation to find the best way of immunization for specific antigens. In this research, intramuscular method of inoculation of influenza vaccine nucleoprotein (NP) encoding vector was compared with that of intra-dermal method. Materials and Methods: In this study, the ability of two different methods of immunization (intramuscular and intra-dermal) in induction of CTL responses as well as their efficiency in clearance of influenza virus from the lung of BALB/c mice was compared. Female BALB/c mice were immunized with influenza virus NP expressing plasmids on days 0, 14 and 28. CTL activity of mice was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase technique two weeks after the last inoculation. In addition, the mice were challenged by live influenza virus and the viral titer was measured 4 days post-challenge in the lungs of animals. The results of experiments demonstrated that intramuscular immunization of mice induces a stronger CTL response. Mice immunized by intramuscular route also showed a higher ability in virus clearance from the lungs. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that different routes of immunization of influenza NP genetic vaccine induce different levels of cell-mediated immune responses and protection from the live virus.

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The aim of study it was carried out survey investigation of consumer attitudes toward organic agriculture. The study was a kind of applied and descriptive –correlational method. The research population was consumers of agricultural products in Alborz Province. Sample size was determine by Cochran's formula (n= 250). Proportional stratified random sampling method was used. Data was collected through an instrument that developed by researcher. Validity estimated by a panel of experts in University and Agriculture experts’ of jihad-e- keshavarzi department of Karaj city. Reliability was conducted by a Pilot test and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient assumed (0/75) which show its suit for research conduct. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software package. Research findings show that there is a significant difference between responces in diploma and graduate & post graduted level at the 0.05 level. Also there is positive relation between consume obstacle and factors affecting to use of organice agriculture with responcendents attitude.  

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Objective: In this study, two conserved genes (M1 and NP) of influenza virus were expressed in a bicistronic vector in order to develop a universal gene based vaccine. Materials and Methods: Plasmids M1-pIRES2-EGFP, pIRES2-NP were constructed by cloning the PCR products of M1 and NP genes which were amplified from the A/Peurto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) influenza virus strain into the plasmid expression vector pIRES2-EGFP, respectively. For construction of M1-pIRES2-NP bicistronic plasmid, M1 gene was extracted from M1-pIRES-EGFP plasmid and sub-cloned into pIRES2-NP construct. Finally, simultaneous expression of both genes was assessed by transient transfection of bicistronic plasmid into BHK-21 cell lines and subsequent immunofluorescence staining. Results: The results of enzymatic double digestions on the constructed plasmids and sequencing demonstrated the success of cloning processes of above mentioned genes. Correct expression of these genes was confirmed by M1-pIRES2-NP plasmid expression in BHK-21 cell lines confirmed by immunofluoresence microscopy. Conclusion: Simultaneous expression of influenza M1 and NP genes from a bicistronic plasmid containing “IRES” sequence is achievable.

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Objective: Influenza virus A (H1N1) is an important subtype of the influenza respiratory viruses, which has important worldwide implications. Hemagglutinin (HA), an important viral antigen, is responsible for binding to human cell receptors leading to an onset of the disease process. Considering the critical role of viral attachment, this study focuses on the extraction and cloning of HA and its large subunit HA1 genes to generate recombinant baculovirus shuttle vectors (bacmid) in order to produce recombinant proteins in insect cells. Methods: Human influenza virus A/New Caledonia 99/20/(H1N1) was propagated in MDCK cell culture. Total viral RNA was extracted using easy-red solution. The full-length HA genome and HA1 fragment were amplified by RT- PCR using specific primers, cloned into a pGEM®-TEasy vector, and then subcloned into a pFastBac HT plasmid. Finally, recombinant bacmids that contained the genes of interest were produced in E. coli DH10Bac™ cells. Results: Expected PCR products of HA genes were evaluated through gel electrophoresis and restriction enzyme analysis. Recombinant pGEM®-TEasy vectors and pFastBac HT donor plasmids were confirmed by PCR, digestion, and sequencing. Construction of recombinant bacmid DNA was verified by using blue-white colony screening, overnight electrophoresis, and PCR analysis that used either pUC/M13 or gene-specific primers. Conclusion: In this study, we have successfully constructed recombinant Bacmid DNA that encoded the full-length HA genome and its HA1 subunit. We intend to transfect sf9 insect cells with these constructs to generate recombinant baculovirus and produce large amounts of desired proteins for future studies.

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Charkhak (Launaea acanthodes) is one of the most common species of medical herbs in central Iran. In this study, the gum was extracted by alcoholic extraction method with 90% ethanol that the yield percentage was 40.4%. Then, emulsifying properties of the extracted gum were investigated. To do so, soybean oil emulsions (10% w/w) were prepared using 1, 2, 4, and 6% gum. Following tests were done for all emulsions: surface and interfacial tension, stability testing, particle size distribution, observing by light microscope and viscosity of the emulsion. Altogether, it was illustrated that polysaccharide efficiency of Launaea acanthodes gum is higher than other national gums in Iran. According to the results, increasing the gum concentration in emulsion led to decrease in surface and interfacial tension but an increase in viscosity. The particle size distribution reduced with increasing the concentration of gum in emulsion. Moreover, the gum had good overall stability in the past two months.

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Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires are currently employed in robotics as actuators of prosthetic limbs and medical equipment due to advantages such as reducing the size in the application, high power-to-weight ratio and elimination of complex transmission systems. In this paper, a fuzzy control system has been designed and implemented for an artificial finger using the SMA actuators. This robotic finger has been designed and modeled with three revolute joints and three SMA wires as the tendon in order to adduction each phalange of the finger and torsional springs to restore them to their original positions. The dynamic model of the finger has been simulated in MATLAB/Simulation. Based on the simulation results, optimal choice of parameters and system features has been obtained and a prototype of finger has been built and tested. Gains of the controllers are set so that the current applied to SMA wires has minimum overshoot and the output of the system has minimal time to achieve stability. The comparison between the simulation results and the actual measured data show that the simulated model is accurate.

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Objective: In order to improve the water solubility and bioavailability of curcumin in cancer therapy, we prepared and tested a novel waterborne cationic polyurethane (PU) as a nano-carrier for curcumin loading (CU-PU). We studied the effect of this prepared nano-drug on melanoma (F10B16) and fibroblasts cells (L929). Methods: Morphology, size and cell internalization ability of the prepared nanoparticles were analyzed by zetasizer, SEM, AFM and fluorescent microscopy, respectively. We anticipated that curcumin was loaded in the hydrophobic core of the PU carrier. Next, the suitable dose and therapeutic effects of CU-PU for both skin cancer and normal cell lines were evaluated by the MTT assay and real-time PCR. Results: The average diameters and polydispersity of the nanoparticles were 62.37 ± 1.7 nm and 0.080 ± 2.1 at 25 ̊C, respectively. The drug encapsulation efficiency was 87 ± 0.2%. The morphological analysis confirmed both a spherical shape and good dispersion without remarkable aggregation. The MTT assay results showed that the IC50 at 24 hours was 36.2 µM, whereas it was 25.4 µM at 48 hours. Real-time PCR results indicated that the CU-PU significantly decreased mRNA expressions of VEGF, Bcl-2, MMP-9 and COX-2 genes. An increase in mRNA expression of the BAX gene was also observed. Conclusion: Our result provided acceptable evidence for cell proliferation inhibition and the apoptotic effect of CU-PU on skin cancer cells. There were no adverse effects detected for normal cells.