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The present paper comparatively surveys two genres of poetry: the Japanese Haiku and the Baluchi Liku. Liku is an improvised one-verse poem with syllabic rhythm, in which the half-verses rhyme to each other. Haiku is the commencement of a long poem, named Haikai No Renga/俳諧の連歌. This onset, which was named Hokku/発句, was not known as Haiku till the beginning of the 20^th century. But Since then, Haiku became distinguished from Haikai No Renga/俳諧の連歌. Haiku is a short poem comprising of 17 syllables, respectively 5-7-5. Haiku is improvised, and the real events and daily experiences are the main theme of this genre of poetry.The structural-content features for such a comparison are the number of syllables, the place of pause, the lexis, stylistic defamiliarization , proper names, loan words, cultural words, similes, semantic defamiliarization, representation of ethnic beliefs ,and realism. This comparative survey confirmed that all these features except semantic defamiliarisation were common to both Haiku and Liku.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of some insecticides with novel modes of action on Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and their sublethal effects on pupal mortality, pupal weight and sex ratio in adult insects. The effects of hexaflumuron, chromafenozide, chlorfluazuron, cyromazine, lufenuron + fenoxycarb and azadirachtin and chlorantraniliprole were evaluated on 1^st instar larvae of L. sativae using a leaf dip method. Dose - response lines were constructed for insecticides which caused higher mortality of the larvae at field recommended doses. LC₅₀ values for chlorantraniliprole, cyromazine, azadirachtin and hexaflumuron were 0.24, 0.49, 8.51 and 67.6 mg ai/l, respectively. A significant reduction in pupal weight and adult emergence was observed in all of the treatments except chromafenozide; but the adult sex ratio did not change significantly compared with control. Most of the insecticides used in this study are fairly new compounds with unique modes of action and had considerable lethal and sublethal effects on L. sativae. If these results also hold true in the field and commercial greenhouse conditions, these compounds could be suitable candidates in management of vegetable leafminer.
 

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A proper and complete understanding of stakeholders is one of the main elements of strategic decision-making. Banks, as an important part of the country's economy, are confronted with various stakeholders and faced with different changes in their stakeholder structure.Recognizing and categorizing these stakeholders and adopting an appropriate strategy for engaging with them is one of the ways to improve Performance. The purpose of this study was to provide a model for managing bank interactions with strategic stakeholders.
This research in terms of gole is applied, in terms of data is qualitative, and in terms of nature and research method is Grounded .The sampling strategy was selective with snowball method. Measurement of internal validity (reliability) of the findings has been done by comparing the results with theoretical foundations and experts verification, and verifying the accuracy of the data has been approved by the members of the research, and the validity of the interview’s form has been done through content validity.
The results obtained from three phases: interviewing, Delphi technique and Brainstorming, 2 dimensions; Identification of strategic stakeholders including 4 components (power, influence, influence, interests and legitimacy) and interaction with strategic stakeholders including 6 components (policy making, Rules, regulation, organization, control and supervision, supply of resources and sales of services), which are derived from 76 indicators.

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Backgrounds: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an important opportunistic bacterial pathogen that could cause serious infections, especially in neonates, adults, and the elderly. In GBS isolates, a macrolide resistance phenotype that confers constitutive resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics (cMLSB phenotype) has become a global concern. On the other hand, little is known about the genetic relatedness and diversity of GBS isolates isolated from various patients in Iran. Hence, this study aimed to determine the genetic relatedness and molecular typing of cMLSB-GBS isolates using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC- PCR) technique.
Materials & Methods: A total of 100 GBS isolates were collected from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI).  Among them, 52 erythromycin-resistant GBS isolates were selected, and double-disc diffusion (D-zone) technique was applied to determine the MLSB phenotype among the isolates based on CLSI criteria. Then the genetic relatedness of MLSB-GBS isolates was assessed using ERIC-PCR fingerprinting method.
Findings: Among 52 erythromycin-resistant GBS isolates, 38 isolates were identified with cMLSB phenotype, nine isolates with M phenotype, and five isolates with iMLSB phenotype. The analysis of ERIC-PCR patterns revealed eight different ERIC types that were divided into seven clusters (A-G) and one single type. Also, four isolates were non-typeable. ERIC type A/ serotype Ib was the most prevalent clone among the isolates.
Conclusion: The current study findings showed a high level of diversity and multiclonal spread of the cMLSB phenotype in Isfahan. ERIC type A/ serotype Ib is the predominant clone circulating among erythromycin-resistant GBS strains.

 

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Reviewing literature of the international market attractiveness evaluation and operational practice in Iran demonstrates that two approaches for international market selection are proposed: expansion approack and systematic approach. In expansion approach, firms gradually enter low geographical and cuftural distance markets. But, in systematic approach, by considering some factors and models, firms systematically evaluate and select foreign market(s). The importance and need for systematically evaluating and selecting potential foreign markets has been stressed by many researchers and several models for selecting international markets had been propos. But, current models do not pass the test of reality, because they are not adapted with exporter decision making process and they are not considered important aspect of reality. So, in this paper, we introduce a comprehensive international market attractiveness model that include demand attractiveness, attainment attractiveness, adaptation attractiveness and competition attractiveness. At last, according to the tested model, a fuzzy decision support system is developed.

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Nowadays, the issue of service quality for service-provider organizations specifically banks is of considerable importance. The service-provider organizations (specifically governmental banks) are aware from the necessity of getting satisfaction of customer and assessing quality of services. In this research, we evaluate and analyze the gap of expected and current service quality. In fact, the gap between customer´s expectations of bank services and customers perceptions is assessed based on the hierarchical service quality model (HSQM), which has been introduced by Brady and Cronin in 2001. To do this, customers of Keshavarzi Bank are given as statistical population and a sample with 384 people is extracted from Tehran Keshavarzi Banks using Krejcie-Morgan Table and Cochran formula. The results show that just in two dimensions of HSQM namely «waiting time» and «valence», there is no significant difference between expectations and perceptions, but there are gaps among expectations and perceptions in the other dimensions.

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This study is investigated vibration analysis of a FG rectangular plate partially contacting with a bounded fluid. Wet dynamic transverse displacement of the plates is approximated by a set of admissible trial functions which is required to satisfy the clamped (CL) and simply supported moveable (SSM) and simply supported immoveable (SSI) geometric boundary conditions. The oscillatory behavior of fluid is obtained by solving the Laplace equation and satisfies the boundary conditions. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the plate coupled with sloshing fluid modes are calculated by using the Rayleigh–Ritz method based on minimizing the Rayleigh quotient. The proposed method is validated with available data in the literature. In the numerical results, the effects of volume fraction coefficient, thickness ratios and aspect ratios of the FG plates and depth of the fluid, width of the tank, and boundary conditions on the wet natural frequencies are examined and discussed in detail.

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In the present study the free vibration analysis of functionally graded rectangular nanoplates in thermal environment is investigated. The modified coupled stress theory based on the first order shear deformation theory has been used to obtain the natural frequencies of the nanoplate. Modified coupled stress theory is a non-classical theory. In this theory material length scale parameter is applied to capture the size effect of the microstructures which the earlier classical plate theories were not able to explain these effects. The functionally graded material properties are varied continuously and smoothly along the thickness. The Poisson’s ratio of the FGM plate is assumed to be constant in the whole plate. In order to validate the present method, the natural frequencies of the both functionally graded rectangular plate and rectangular nanoplates are compared with those are reported in the literature, separately. Finally, the effect of various parameters such as; the power law index, the thickness to length scale parameter ratio, aspect ratio, thickness ratio on the natural frequencies of plates in thermal environments with different temperatures are presented and discussed in detail.

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In this study out of plane active vibration control of a laminated composite rectangular plate with intermediate line support coupled with piezoelectric patches on both sides, upper and lower surface of the plate, is presented based on First order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT). Is this study, the piezoelectric patch is used as a sensor. In the relation of piezoelectric, electrical potential in the transverse direction earned by satisfaction of electric boundary conditions (open circuit) and Maxwell's electricity equation. The Rayleigh-Ritz approach is used to obtain natural frequencies and vibration mode shapes of the plate. Forced vibration response is obtained by using by the modal expansion method.In this paper, the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) are used to control and reduce the amplitude of the transversely deformation of a laminated composite rectangular plate which is excited by external forced. In the numerical results, the effect of various inputs, e.g. positions of the external forced, on the responses of the system are examined and discussed in detail. The proposed analytical method is validated with available data in the literature.

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Objective: Eukaryotic proteins generally have signal peptides which are not only crucial for their secretion efficiencies but are important for their expression levels. Coagulation factor IX (FIX) is a glycoprotein that plays a fundamental role in the blood coagulation pathway. Reduced levels or dysfunctional FIX are associated with hemophilia B. This study investigates the function of the human prothrombin signal peptide in an attempt to improve the human FIX (hFIX) secretion efficiency in a heterologous expression system. With this aim, we have used the SignalP and PrediSi programs for in silico evaluation of the signal peptide efficiency prior to conducting this experiment. Methods: We used molecular techniques to amplify and join the coding region of the human prothrombin signal peptide to the cDNA of mature hFIX. The chimeric fragment was examined for transient expression in a mammalian cell line (HEK293T) in comparison with the native hFIX, under a CMVp regulation. Using the neural network-based prediction programs, we evaluated the scores for cleavage position and secretion efficiency of the human prothrombin and hFIX signal peptides. The expression efficiencies of hFIX expressed by the recombinant cells were analyzed by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results: In silico analysis more efficiently predicted the human prothrombin signal peptide with a high score compared to the native hFIX signal peptide. This data was confirmed by the RT-PCR and ELISA results obtained from expression analyses at the RNA and protein levels, respectively. Conclusion: The present study showed that the signal peptide derived from the human prothrombin has the potential for efficient secretion of hFIX as evidenced by the results taken from a transient expression system. The results were consistent with in silico analysis. This replacement could be evaluated in a stable state condition.

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In recent years, electrospinning that has the capability to form polymeric nano-/microfibers has gained substantial attention for fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds. The morphological resemblance to native extracellular matrix (ECM), high surface to volume ratio, high porosity, and pore interconnectivity are amongst the brilliant features of electrospun structures. The high surface area to volume ratio and interconnected pores of these fibrous meshes confer desirable cell attachment and growth. However, due to small pore sizes and high packing density of electrospun nanofibers, cell penetration into a conventional electrospun mat is completely restrained. Scarce cell infiltration in turn prohibit cell migration into internal parts of the scaffold, cause inhomogeneous cell distribution throughout the structure, limit vascularization, and impede tissue ingrowth. In fact, traditional electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in practice act as two-dimensional (2D) surfaces rather than three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments. Thus far, a number of approaches have been employed to solve this problem, which range from simple variations in electrospinning parameters to intricate post-processing modifications. Some efforts directly manipulate the electrospun mat characteristics to enhance cell penetration, while others combine cells with scaffolds or encourage cells to migrate into internal parts with different stimuli. In the present study, we have attempted to provide an overview of different approaches offered for improving cell infiltration in electrospun scaffolds.

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One of the new approaches to produce nanoscale metals with ultera fine grains is applying severe plastic deformation on initial sample with coarse grains. In this method, by applying intense strain to the sample in several steps, the size of the grain decreases to a nanoscale, which results in the improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of the metals. One of the most important methods for this purpose is the constrained groove pressing (CGP) method. Due to the need for a small weight of space structures, sheets of aluminum alloys, aluminum7075-T6, and steel 4130 were selected. The mechanical behavior of the sheets was studied experimentally. The simulation of the interaction between the fluid and the structure was performed for a curved fin model with three different alloys and the deformation of the flying rocket was compared. The results show that the size of the aluminum7075-T6 block decreases from 60 microns to 270 nm with increasing the stages of the process, while the yield strength in the fourth pass increases compared to the annealed sample by 38%. The tensile strength increased by 34%, and the length elongation in the fourth passes reduced by 40%. The total deformation in the fin of the aluminum 7075-T6 improved to 99.9% with the CGP process. However, the amount of deformation in the steel 4130 fin compared to the CGPed aluminum7075-T6 is less than 0.1% of the total deformation.

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 The quantity and quality of essential oil extracted from the plant is strongly influenced by the extraction conditions, so optimizing the extraction conditions can help us to achieve the most essential oil content with the best quality. Satureja sahendica Bornm. is an endemic medicinal plant of Iran, which is of great importance due to its high essential oil and thymol content. In this research, the effect of plant particle size (mesh size 12, 18 and 35) and the ratio of plant material to water (1:5, 1:10 and 1:15 w/v) on essential oil content and compositions of this plant were evaluated. The essential oils were extracted based on hydro-distillation method by Clevenger’s apparatus and then analyzed using GC/MS and GC/FID. The results indicated that the extracted essential oil decreased with the decrease in the plant particle size. The optimal ratio of plant material to water in order to obtain more essential oil was different depending on the plant particle size. The highest of essential oil content (2.15% v/w) was obtained from plant material with mesh size 12 in the ratio of 1:15 plant material to water. The number, type and amount of essential oil compounds were strongly affected by different treatments. The highest amount of thymol (81.79%) as the most important component of the Satureja sahendica essential oil was obtained from samples with mesh size 35 and a ratio of 1:10 plant material to water. Determining the most appropriate extraction conditions can be different depending on the purpose and desired chemical composition of the essential oil.

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Functional disorder in different tissues is a consequence of cell damage in a part of a tissue that can occur because of diseases, traumas, or accidents. Organ transplantation has so far been the only treatment approach for these damages; however, transplantation therapies have been greatly limited by the serious shortage of donors or immune rejection. One of the alternative approaches is tissue engineering that recently has attracted the tremendous attentions of many researchers. Cell sheet engineering is a technology that can construct bioengineered sheet-like tissues without the need of using scaffolds and it is called “scaffold-free tissue engineering”. Cells are cultured at 37℃ on the surfaces grafted with the temperature responsive polymer “poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)”. Then, the cell sheet is harvested with a simple reduced-temperature treatment up to 20℃ and transplanted directly onto the injured surface without sutures or glues. In the present article, researches and experiments in the field of cell sheet engineering have been paid attention. Moreover, the advantages and challenges of this method have been discussed.

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The present study examined the pool boiling process in a specific geometry by designing and constructing a laboratory complex. Investigation of pool boiling process, electrical resistance, critical heat flux, heat transfer coefficient, bubble growth and departure, bubble growth frequency, and nucleation site density by applying heat flux to critical heat flux was carried out on a ring wire in deionized water at different temperatures. According to the results, increasing the number of rings and fluid temperature decreased the critical heat flux. In the case of a ring wire with a constant number of rings, a fluid with a constant temperature, and the use of heat flux values less than the critical heat flux, the wire temperature increased, but it decreased in the case of increasing the number of rings, a fluid with a constant temperature and applying critical heat flux values. In a ring wire with a constant number of rings, the heat transfer coefficient was constant by increasing fluid temperature at values of heat flux less than the critical heat flux, but the heat transfer coefficient decreased at critical heat flux values. The diameters of the produced bubbles were enhanced by increasing heat flux and they separated from the rings when combined. At the beginning of the reddening of the ring wire, a critical heat flux occurred, and considering 110% of the time required for the critical heat flux, the images of the state of the ring wire after the critical heat flux are presented.

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Shifting from collectivism to individualism has changed pleasure types along time and created a generation gap in Iran. So, how can the post-colonial design mix positive aspects of old collective and new individualist pleasure as a cultural builder and catalyst for change? The purpose of this research is finding culture-oriented pleasure which can decrease generation gap and make a more peaceful pleasurable experience for both collectivists and individualists. We suggested a counterpoint instead of the hegemony of collectivism or individualism. For decreasing the generation gap we proposed: Applying behavioral design for promoting and reviving socio-pleasure among young and old people; balancing between psychological pleasure (with respect to the other's choice, creativity and diversity (Individualism)) and normative pleasures (with respect to unanimous ethnic and cultural norms (collectivism)). As a suggestion “Safa” can introduce a culture-oriented pleasure which may satisfy both sides. It means hedonism, pleasure, calm, change hatred to love, honesty, treatment, purity, enlightening, sublime, and also sympathy, friendship, sincerity and unification of spirits. Safa refundable in different forms of Iranian arts, artifacts, texts, proverbs and behaviors and can be defined as a positive cultural design approach.