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Steel plates are widely used in various industries, especially in civil engineering. Low cost in implementation and reduction of seismic mass are the advantage of steel shear wall system compared to other structural systems. The goal of a good design is that along with following the existing guidelines and achieving the desired seismic resistance of the structure, the structure is affordable in terms of weight and cost. Considering that according to the design, it is not possible to achieve the optimal use of the structure's capacity by force control method, the theory of uniform deformations was proposed with the assumption of a constant performance level. The subject of design based on performance increase the safety of the structure against earthquake force and design with optimal seismic performance during the useful life of the structure in seismic areas. Also, compared to the design method based on force control, it can lead to a lighter and economical design.
One of the significant ways to reduce the weight and stiffness of shear walls and boundary elements connected to them is to limit the connection of filler plates to boundary elements. In this method, limiting the length of the connection reduces the force on the beams and columns, and as a result, smaller sections can be used.
In this research, in order to achieve the optimal performance level, two concrete frames with steel shear wall resistant system are subjected to nonlinear analysis. Then, the initial evaluation of the behavior and the correctness of the used method are checked. After that, the effective factors in achieving uniform stress in the height of the structure will be investigated. For this purpose, by using the effect of the thickness parameter and the appropriate pattern of connection of the shear steel plate to the surrounding elements, the way of changing the performance and behavior of the structure will be investigated. For this purpose, 3- and 4-story concrete frames with steel shear wall systems were modeled using ABAQUS^TM finite element software. The steel used in the steel shear wall system is ST37. First, the connection of steel shear plates to floor beams was considered and then the influence of the partial connection pattern on the seismic performance of the steel shear wall system was investigated. The modeled frames were subjected to dynamic analysis, linear and nonlinear buckling analysis, and cyclic analysis. Based on the obtained results, the property of energy dissipation in the frame with a steel shear wall system with partial connection has increased significantly. Changing the partial connection pattern led to changing the maximum in-plan relative displacement. Also, the surface of the stress distribution shows that in the partial connection, the stress concentration mainly occurred in the place of the steel shear plate connections. In addition, according to the results of cyclic analysis, considering the partial connection of the steel shear wall has led to a decrease in the average energy absorbed in the structure and an increase in its ductility. Also, changing the connection pattern has affected the average amount of absorbed energy in different loading cycles.

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Twenty five individuals of Javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan, collected from Abadan (29° N and 48° E) and Bandar Abbas (27° N and 56° E) stations along the Persian Gulf, was analyzed for relationship between two populations of this species, using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP). A total of 410 putative loci were detected by six primer combinations, 88 of which were polymorphic (21.46%). The proportion of polymorphic loci in the Abadan and Bandar Abbas stations was calculated 88.64 and 68.18%, respectively. Average of heterozygosity in the Abadan (0.330) was higher than Bandar Abbas (0.222), which may be correlated with the environmental and ecological conditions of these stations. Nei’s genetic distance for the two populations was estimated 0.112. The phylogenetic tree revealed a clear distinction line between the two populations, supporting that dispersal of eggs and larvae in the Persian Gulf is spatially restricted. Pattern of isolation by distance was observed in this species, indicating that the gene pool of P. kaakan in the Persian Gulf was not homogeneous. The results also showed that AFLP is a potent technique for genetic fingerprinting and species identification.

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Global aquaculture production has more than tripled during the last 15 years, and aquaculture is expected to account an increasing share in global seafood production. There are large differences among countries in the rate of growth and development of aquaculture. This review tries to explain the progress and problems of aquaculture during three last decades in Iran. The total production of Iran from aquaculture was 25,800 tons in 1994, approximately 8 percent of the total fisheries production. However, by 2008 it increased to more than 154,000 tons; 27% of total fisheries production. During the last decade, production share of different species in Iran has been variable. In the years 1998 and 2008 the highest percentage of aquaculture production was belonged to silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (50%) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 40%), respectively. The results showed that culture of rainbow trout has grown noticeably in the past two decades. At present, Iran has been acquired the first rank of rainbow trout culture in fresh water of the world. But in contrast, in recent decade shrimp aquaculture industry has failed due to white spot syndrome. Coastal and inland waters of Iran have more potential for aquaculture development. Recently, great sturgeon Huso huso and some species of barbus family have aroused interest from government and private enterprises for potential aquaculture use. Although aquaculture of Iran has shown a significant growth in the last decade, but it is concluded by introducing new species and overcome to present aquaculture problems in the country, the aquaculture production will be increased to several times.

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Aggregation and concentration of industries and the production of more complex products due to economies of scale can cause technology spillover. The development of industrial and complex processes requires energy, and the use of energy causes carbon emissions. Now this question arises, what are the effects of technology and industrial agglomeration on the environment? The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of economic complexity and industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions in a panel of emerging economies during the period 1990–2022. For this purpose, first, the industrial agglomeration was calculated based on the location entropy index, and then, in the new panel approach, the method of moment quantile regression (MMQREG) was used to investigate the effects of economic complexity and industrial agglomeration on carbon emissions. The results showed that increasing the economic complexity index has different effects on carbon emissions. The results of parameter estimation showed that industrial agglomeration increases carbon emissions in high quantiles. The results show that economic growth and energy consumption increase carbon emissions in all quantiles, and urbanization helps to preserve the environment. The results of Dumitrescu and Hurlin's panel causality test show a two-way relationship between industrial agglomeration and carbon emissions and a one-way relationship between economic complexity and carbon emissions.
 

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Accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Z, Ni, Cu) in gill, liverrnand muscle of 30 individuals of greater lizardfish (Saurida tumbil), collectedrnfrom Hendijan fishing area in April 2012, was assessed. Metals werernextracted by digestion method and their levels were measured by atomicrnabsorption spectrophotometr (AAS- model GBC Savanta AA ). Levels ofrnthe heavy metals from maximal to minimal were Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd.rnMean of heavy metals accumulation in gill, liver and muscle werernsignificantly different (P

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A field survey of the bee fauna was conducted in the north of Iran during 2009 to 2015. Special concern was given to the tribe Ceratinini (Hymenoptera; Apidae). Ten species of the genus Ceratina were collected and identified in the present study. Three species are recorded for the first time from Iran, including Ceratina (Euceratina) chrysomalla Gerstaecker 1869, Ceratina (Euceratina) cyanea (Kirby, 1802) and Ceratina (Euceratina) gravidula Gerstaecker, 1869. An updated checklist of Iranian Ceratinini with short description and figures of newly recorded species are provided. The host plants and distribution of each species are also given.

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Identification of intertidal echinoderms and the effect of environmental factors on their density and distribution in five stations around the Khark Island were seasonally investigated. Three transects were designated to cover the supralittoral, eulittoral and sublittoral zones within each station. The environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and total organic maters (TOM) were also recorded. Maximum and minimum water temperature were recorded in summer (35.94 ± 0.28) and in winter (18.34 ± 0.39) and the maximum and minimum salinity were recorded in winter (44.6± 0.14) and spring (37 ± 0.18), respectively. Maximum and minimum percentages of total organic maters (TOM) were observed in summer (9.63 ± 0.71) and winter (3.39±0.15), respectively.Totally four species belonging to for families were identified, viz. Asterina burtoni, Echinometra mathaei, Holothuria atra, Ophiothrix sarignyi, the highest frequency of which was encountered by E. mathaei. The maximum density and distribution were found in spring and minimum in summer and winter.

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The silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hem.: Aleyrodidae), is a key pest of greenhouse crops. Nymphs and adults feed on plant sap and excrete honeydew, resulting in reduction of yield and quality. This pest has a high potential for developing resistant biotypes against different insecticides. Therefore, it is necessary to study the efficacy of different categories of insecticides against B. tabaci. In this research, efficacy of imidacloprid (0.5 l/ha), thiacloprid + deltamethrin (0.75 l/ha), pyrethrum (4 l/ha) andthiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (0.3 and 0.4 l/ha) with four replications were studied in a completely randomized block design in Yazd and Bushehr provinces of Iran. Mean (± SE) efficacy of imidacloprid, thiacloprid + deltamethrin, pyrethrum andthiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (0.3 and 0.4 l/ha) were 73.42 ± 3.41, 89.57 ± 2.86, 90.29 ± 2.79, 68.13 ± 3.37 and 75.62 ± 3.76% against B. tabaci nymphs 7 days after treatment in Yazd, respectively; while in Bushehr, they were 57.30 ± 3.37, 68.45 ± 4.65, 64.17 ± 2.87, 30.0 ± 4.56 and 53.0 ± 3.35%, respectively. Thiacloprid + deltamethrin, pyrethrum and thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (at 0.4 l/ha) can be suitable candidates in IPM programs of B. tabaci.

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Cercosporoid fungi including the genus Cercospora and other morphologically similar genera are associated with leaf spot symptoms on various host plants. In this research three taxa including Passalora cucurbiticola (on Cucurbita sp.), P. bolleana (on Ficus carica), and Pseudocercosporella capsellae (on Capsella bursa-pastoris, Sinapis arvensis) were identified. Among these, P. cucurbiticola and P. capsellae are new records for mycobiota of Iran.  

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In this article, I will address the role of the efficient cause in explaining the existence of material beings in the sixth chapter of the Ilāhīyyāt. Avicenna’s expressions regarding the true efficient cause confront us with two ambiguities: first, the distinction between the efficient cause, as one of the causes, and the complete cause, which suffices for the existence of a material object; and second, his description of the efficient cause as the “cause of existence.” I will attempt to clarify the interpretive problems arising from these ambiguities and ultimately respond to them. I will argue that the true efficient cause, which for Avicenna in this context is the “active intellect,” is nothing other than the cause of the form’s emanation in matter; a cause that Avicenna also refers to as the cause of the existence of the material compound.
 

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Research Subject: The conversion of anthropogenous CO₂ gas into value-add chemicals known as solar fuel technology attracted much consideration from the beginning of the 21st century owing to the potential of this technology in solving the climate change and energy shortage issues.
Research Approach: In the current study, Bismuth and copper modified TiO₂ were prepared using sol-gel and wet impregnation method in order to investigate as a catalyst for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into renewable methane.  
Main Results: The results of X-ray diffraction analysis, Field emission scanning microscope images and Transmission electron microscope images demonstrated that titanium dioxide nanoparticles with 20 nm in size were synthesized that after the addition of bismuth, the size of particles became smaller. Also, using energy dispersive x-ray analysis and elemental mapping technique, it was determined that the bismuth and copper were uniformly inserted in the prepared nanoparticles. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed that the bandgap became smaller in bismuth and copper-containing samples, which resulted in visible light absorption. In addition, photoluminescence spectroscopy showed an impressive decrease in the rate of electron-hole separation in the prepared nanocomposite. The result of CO₂ photoreduction experiments revealed that the incorporation of 3 wt% Bismuth and 1.5 wt% copper into the structure of TiO₂ would increase the amount of methane production to 7.6 times greater than bare TiO₂. This superior activity for methane generation could be related to the ability of bismuth compounds in adsorption and activation of carbon dioxide molecules and also the efficient separation of charge carriers given by copper. Additionally, the smaller particle size and increase in the surface area had also a positive effect on the CO₂ reduction enhancement.

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Research subject: In this study, EDTA-functionalized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ magnetic nanocomposites with core-shell structure were synthesized to remove divalent cadmium ions from aqueous solutions.
Research approach: During the first step, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanosphere core-shell is synthesized using nano Fe₃O₄ as the core, TEOS as the silica source and PVA as the surfactant. This strategy relies on the covalently bonding of ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid to bis(3-aminopropyl)amine and cyanuric chloride functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. In the next step, characteristics of surface functional groups, crystal structure, magnetic properties, size and surface morphology of these nanoparticles were investigated, identified and analyzed using physico-chemical characterization techniques including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), vibration sample magnetometry (VSM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer.  The adsorbent, due to its magnetic property, could be simply separated from the reaction mixture by a permanent magnet and reused in five consecutive cycles without considerable loss in its activity.
Main results: To probe the nature of the adsorbent, various experiments were investigated like adsorbent dose and contact time were optimized. Kinetic studies and the effect of different amounts of adsorbent to remove divalent cadmium ions from aqueous solutions show a maximum adsorption of 94% at ambient temperature. Moreover, the recyclability of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-EDTA was investigated in order to remove the divalent cation for successive adsorption-desorption cycles. All the results of studies show that the synthetic nanocomposite Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-EDTA is an effective, recyclable adsorbent with excellent performance for the removal of divalent cadmium.

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Problem:Urban public spaces, especially parks, are vital places for families.However, until now,less emphasis has been placed on articulating spatial quality indicators for all ages,and the environmental requirements for different groups of all age are rarely integrated.
Aims:This research aims to discover indicators from the perspective of urban space for all ages in parks and provide a tool for advancing towards lifelong communities and at a higher level to improve the quality of public space.
Methods:The research method in this study is applied and It employs descriptive-analytical method. In the present study, one dependent variable titled and 12 independent variables have been introduced in Mellat Park in Qazvin as a case study.
Findings:we found that "comfort" and "social participation and encouragement of intergenerational relationships" have the greatest impact,while "security" and "sensory richness and creativity in design" have the least impact on explaining the dependent variable.indicators such as "safety" and "sensory richness and creativity in design" are more significant for younger ages, whereas indicators such as "security" and "respect for diversity and differences of all ages with any level of ability" are more significant for older ages, making them some of the most influential factors in determining the quality of Mellat Park in Qazvin.
Conclusion:Based on the research findings,it can be concluded that Mellat Qazvin Park is not yet suitable for all ages.The differing priorities of indicators for various age groups suggest that achieving an average across all indicators could make the park more inclusive for everyone.

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This article according to the American School of Comparative Literature is addressed  to the content similarities of the poems of Ali Reza Qazveh (born 1963) and Samih Al-Qasem (1939-2014), two contemporary Iranian and Palestinian poets in three areas of love;  protestation and satire.  It shows that in spite of the differences in the views of these two poets, due to the experience of similar situations such as the involvement of their homeland in war and some of its sufferings, their view of love, protestation and satire  is remarkable and thought-provoking;  As this view in love changes to the transformation of the beloved of lyrical poetry to the beloved who is a martyr and a fighter;  in protestation, he inclines to his own protestation and fellowmen, and  at a higher level, to human rights organizations.  And in satire, he uses biting and deep satire on three levels of vocabulary, sentence or clause , and the generality of the poetry.

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"Rooting" and "originality" of the vocabularies are considered as two important axes for the correct equating in the translation and interpretation process of Holy Qur'an. In this regard, this study tries to apply them in the Quranic "Saleya" root. This root has been used 25 times in the Quran in various structures and different meanings are given for it, among which "entering" is most often seen. Also, due to the similarity of this root and the "Salava" root, it has usually not been paid much attention to it, and even some have not realized the distinction between these two roots. According to the dark meaning of this root and its uses in the Quran, this research seeks to provide a clearer meaning of this root than what had come in most Persian translations of the Holy Quran and some of the interpretations by relying on the first hand dictionaries and some of the early interpretations, as well as the dictionaries of the Sami and Afro-Asian languages in the field of Semantic studies with a descriptive-analytical method and referring to academic resources. According to the conducted studies, this root originally meant "necessity" and "communication", and then used in its other meanings such as: "to receive heat of fire", "to be turned" and "to enter".

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Research subject: This study demonstrates a synthetic strategy for the preparation of porous SiO₂ for adsorption applications using natural and waste materials from rice husks which are functionalized with polymer dendrimer molecules and surface amino groups as the source of biosilica and were investigated to remove divalent cadmium ions from aqueous solutions.
Research approach: Porous silica nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 45 nm were successfully fabricated from rice husk (RH) biomass via a multistep method. During the first step, sodium silicate is extracted from rice husks. Then, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, HCl, and acetic acid were added to the sodium silicate solution, and the resulting mixture was sonicated. After the hydrothermal reaction, the collected samples were calcinated to obtain silica nanoparticles. These synthetic nanoparticles were identified using various techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis and dynamic light scattering analysis. Then, the adsorption kinetics and the effects of synthetic nanoadsorbents dosage on the removal of divalent cadmium ions were investigated. The effect of contact time on cadmium adsorption and recyclability of adsorbent was also investigated.
Main results: The results show that there is no significant reduction in the performance and activity of this nanosorbent in the adsorption of metal ions after 6 times of recycling and reuse. The excellent performance of this nanosorbent in the removal of metal ions is due to its high porosity, active surface amine groups and high surface-to-volume ratio.

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Oak trees form the major elements of the Zagros forests at western part of Iran. The activity of cynipid gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) greatly affects survival and fertility of these trees, by inducing formation of various galls on a certain part of the oak trees (Quercus spp.). In this study, population fluctuation and spatial distribution of four common species, Andricus asetivalis (Giraud), Aphelonyx persica (Melika), Neuroterus lanuginosus (Giraud)and Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) were studied in Kermanshah province from the early February to the late December of 2011. The galls that formed on the 100 cm end of branches from the four cardinal directions were sampled in two different heights of 1.5 and 2.5 m on each tree every 7-10 days throughout the season. To estimate the spatial distribution patterns, data were analysed through regression models. According to the Taylor's power model, in the height of 1.5 m, the slope of regression line was not significantly different from 1, indicating a random pattern for all gall wasp species. Also the spatial distribution pattern of N. lanuginosus and N. saliens was determined as random in the height of 2.5 m. Using Iwao's patchiness regression, similar patterns were distinguished for all species in two different heights except for A. aestivalis and N. lanuginosus in the height of 1.5 m which regression between Lloyd’s mean crowding and mean density was not significant. At early season, just sexual galls of A. aestivalis and A. persica were observed and the first asexual galls of N. lanuginosus and N. saliens were formed on the branches starting in early August. Combining data of both heights of 1.5 and 2.5, the peaks of gall density of A. aestivalis, A. persica, N. lanuginosus and N. saliens were observed on 23 May, 27 June, 4 September and 15 September as 2.85 ± 1.60, 34.40 ± 22.17, 159.27 ± 40.01 and 4.50 ± 1.38, respectively. Overall, the most observed galls belonged to N. lanuginosus. The activity period of N. saliens was clearly shorter than other species and lasted only less than two months.

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The effects of salicylic acid (SA) nano-formulation on expression of peroxidase (113-114) genes and peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were investigated in wheat cultivar (Bezostaya) susceptible to Heterodera filipjevi. The wheat roots and leaves were randomly divided into control group and groups exposed to 62.5, 125 and 250μg/ml SA. A spectrophotometric analysis was carried out using root extracts from infected plants at 4, 7 and 11days post inoculation with nematode (DAI) for peroxidase and PAL. The expression of peroxidase (113-114) genes was evaluated by Real time PCR analysis. Peroxidase activity was significantly increased in treatments exposed to 250µg/ml of nanosalicylic acid at 11 DAI. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity was induced in the treatments exposed to 250 and 125µg/ml nanosalicylic acid compared to the control at 4 and 7 DAI, respectively. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity was also increased in the treatments exposed to 62.5 and 250µg/ml of nanosalicylic acid compared to the control at 7 DAI. The expression level of peroxidase 113-114 in wheat leaves was significantly raised at 4 DAI when 62.5µg/ml of nanosalicylic acid was used. There was also a significant difference between expression levels of peroxidase 113-114 genes at applications of 125 and 250µg/ml of SA in comparison with the control at 4 and 7 DAI, a significant decrease was revealed in the gene expression in treatments exposed to 62.5, 125 and 250µg/ml of nanosalicylic acid compared to the control at 11 DAI. It was concluded that higher concentrations of nanosalicylic acid have a potential effect on peroxidase and PAL activities in wheat infected by H. filipjevi. High concentration of nanosalicylic acid has inhibitory effects on the expression level of peroxidase gene.

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One of the intrinsic qualities of literature as art is beauty. The important musical and linguistic elements make poetry beautiful by creating deviation. Sherveh which is one of the well-known examples of southern Iran musical art (Hormozgan and Bushehr ) is not the case of exception. The present research aims at introducing as much as possible the verses as well as the study of the aesthetic elements of this type of poetry, with a rhetorical criticism and a descriptive- analytical approach. The corpus of the present study consists of Fayez Dashtestani and Mahya Bastaki lyrics. The results of the research indicate that the main reason for the survival of these poems, in addition to their content, is due to the aesthetic components of these poems, which shows that these two poets are totally mastered the poetry. These two poets were able to create beauty in their poetry by using simple language, the most popular vocabulary and the vast frequency of inventive figures corresponding to the linguistic context of poetry, such as comparison and metaphor. A linguistic and literary beauty which are in perfect harmony with the emotional texture of the poem, its content and its audience in general.