Showing 163 results for Maleki
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed phonological analysis of the sound differences between the Abdolmaleki and Hawrami dialects through the lens of Optimality Theory. The research primarily focuses on exploring the variations in vowel length, vowel quality, and consonant structure across these two dialects. The goal is to investigate how these differences manifest in the phonological systems of the dialects and to analyze them within the constraints of Optimality Theory. Several key constraints, including MAX-C, DEP-C, IDENT-[vowel height], IDENT-[vowel backness], ONSET, ALIGN-Morpheme, and CODA-COND, are applied to a comprehensive set of linguistic data collected from both dialects. The findings demonstrate that the Abdolmaleki and Hawrami dialects follow distinct patterns of phonological optimization, which lead to notable differences in their overall phonological structure. The analysis highlights how variations in vowel length, the quality of vowels, and the structure of consonants contribute to these dialectal distinctions. Moreover, the study provides a theoretical framework that not only deepens our understanding of the phonological processes at work in these dialects but also offers a new perspective for analyzing other Iranian dialects. In addition to shedding light on these phonetic differences, this article suggests avenues for further research on phonological variations and underscores the broader applicability of Optimality Theory in linguistic studies.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (in press 2024)
Abstract
Understanding the impact of masonry infill walls on the behavior of moment frames is of paramount importance in the field of structural engineering. A thorough investigation is essential to gain insights into the complex interplay between various parameters and their effects on the flexural frames surrounding masonry infills. Unfortunately, the current state of knowledge is hindered by the absence of comprehensive exploration, partly attributed to constraints in existing numerical models and the prohibitively high costs associated with experimental studies. There is an urgent need to delineate the influence of diverse parameters on the dynamic interaction between frames and masonry infill walls. This understanding is critical for optimizing the accuracy of structural and component designs, ultimately leading to a reduction in project costs and an enhancement of resident safety. Although numerical models have been employed in the past, these models have limitations, and experimental studies, on the other hand, are costly, creating a need for a fast, accurate, and comprehensive method to evaluate masonry infill walls under in-plane loading. To address these limitations, there is a pressing demand for a swift, precise, and comprehensive evaluation method specifically tailored to assess the performance of masonry infill walls under in-plane loading conditions. Such a method would not only overcome the drawbacks of existing numerical models but also provide a cost-effective alternative to traditional experimental studies, allowing for a more expansive exploration of the multifaceted interactions between moment frames and masonry infills. The development of such a methodology holds the key to advancing our understanding of structural dynamics and ensuring the resilience and safety of built environments. The current research aims to develop a model that explores the nonlinear behavior of masonry infill walls and their interaction with the surrounding frame. The proposed model utilizes truss elements and material homogenization, allowing for modeling and analysis in commercially available software. The idea of this method is to simplify the typically 2D problem of masonry infilled frames under in-plane loading and reducing the infill and the surrounding frame to assemblages of braces and axial members, which is called piers, both exhibiting a mono-dimensional non-linear behavior with softening. Despite its simplicity and minimal input requirements, this method delivers comprehensive results on the structure's state in the nonlinear stage, including load-displacement curves and failure mechanisms. The method's ability to determine responses of masonry infill walls with ease and high accuracy is an innovative aspect of this research. Moreover, the proposed method can be readily implemented in widely used commercial software, displaying remarkable robustness in handling non-linear behavior and demonstrating swift convergence, even when significant global softening occurs. In the proposed method, the masonry infill is modeled as a regular set of vertical and inclined bracing members. Vertical members are referred to as "piers" and inclined members are known as "braces". The outcomes of this research have the potential to enhance the engineering community's understanding of masonry infill walls and their interaction with structural frames, shedding light on influencing factors. Furthermore, these results may contribute to the future development of regulations and standards for masonry structures, offering improved insights into the behavior of masonry intermediate frames.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract
Rainfall is recognized as one of the main triggering factors of landslides. Researchers have long attempted to determine the amount of precipitation required to trigger slope failures. One of the landslide zones in Iran is Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province where many landslides cause high casualties in recent decades. It is significant that most of these landslides occur after a rainy period. Thus, determination of rainfall thresholds in this province seems to be necessary as the first step to present an effective landslide warning system. In this research, we tried to introduce some antecedent rainfall thresholds for deep-seated landslides. The antecedent periods considered for the events examined in this study were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 28 and 30 days. Since most of landslides occurred by cumulative rainfall for more than 10 days, the results of 5 days and shorter time periods appear not logically connected. We have also established rainfall thresholds for the 15-day antecedent period and 2, 3 and 5 days rainfall events. Results indicate that for 10 to 30 days antecedent periods, mean total rainfall needed to induce landslides varies between about 140 and 280 mm. Finally, we recommend more research on relation between rainfall characteristics and destabilization of different soil classes in the study area (especially clayey-marly deposits).
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2010)
Abstract
In order to the investigation on the effects of methyl jasmonate on the secondary metabolites of Calendula officinalis L., the plants were grown in a modified Hogland (1/2) solution and were treated with 50 and 100 µm methyl jasmonate. The results indicated that jasmonate treatment decreased lignin content of root but increased lignin content of shoots, in comparison with those of the control plants. However, total content of wall-bound phenolics of roots increased and those of shoots decreased by jasmonate treatment. Anthocyanin content of shoot, decreased by methyl jasmonate. Likewise, flavonoid contents of shoots in both treatments were lower than those of the control plants. Lipid peroxidation rate of roots and shoots did not show significant changes in jasmonate treatments, compared to the control plants. In both control and jasmonate treated plants, α- Cadinol was the most abundant essential oils component. Induction of α-Muureloene with specific antifungal properties in the jasmonate treated plants and increase of it along with increase of jasmonate concentration, suggested that jasmonate can be used in order to induce modifications in secondary metabolism pathway of Calendula officinalis, resulting to produce desired medicinal compounds.
Volume 1, Issue 2 (6-2013)
Abstract
Recently the previous Caspian ecosystem is in a catastrophic condition which caused changes in the absolute and relative abundance of the commercially important Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) in Iranian waters. The paper presents estimates of yield-per-recruit and spawning biomass-per-recruit under various harvest strategies of Fmax, F0.1, F30%. It proposes a method for estimating acceptable biological catch (ABC) that accounts for large differences in the quality and quantity of information and available data. The current average Y/R (with F=0.61/y, and tc=3.2 y) was 218.3 g per recruit, which indicates that the fishery is operating below the maximum Y/R at 236.9 g when tc = 3.5 y. The Y/R was the highest at Fmax and F0.1, when tc = 4 y (244.8 g and 214.2 g), respectively. The F30% value was 0.85/y at tc of 4 y with the SB/R of 338.3 g. The Fcurrent (0.61/y at current tc is 3.2 y) is higher than the corresponding reference points, F0.1 (0.47/y) and F30% (0.46/y). The ABC of kutum was estimated at 7,850 mt in 2009-2010.
Volume 1, Issue 4 (Fall 2019)
Abstract
The present paper seeks to examine factors affecting the sense of security of religious tourists on the border of Mehran as a model of border towns. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Data was collected through library studies and a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and hypotheses. Findings show that there is no meaningful relationship between personal characteristics of respondents between their age and their sense of security. There is a significant relationship between the sense of security and gender, the sense of security and education of the respondents, and the sense of security and the status of the marital status of the respondents. In terms of tourists' safety, the security of a person with T=37.4 is most secure. Road safety with a T-value of 97.2 is in the lowest category security. According the Sperman test, in the study of the relationship between total safety indices and sub-indicators of tourism development, the highest correlation coefficient between total security and re-visit with a correlation value of 5.30 is obtained. In examining boundary measures for border city security, the predicted variables predict 0.79% of the safety sensitivity variance, and all variables significantly predict safety. The efforts of security officials to secure security on both sides of the border with (Beta=0.526; has the highest impact on the variable of security.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (Summer 2014)
Abstract
Surrealism has had a great influence on the modern poetry in Iran. Spacementalism (Hajm-geraii) was influenced more than any other poem by surrealism. This style of poetry in Iran was founded by Yadu'llah Royaee. The purpose of this paper̦ is to study Spacementalism (Sheˊre Hajm) according to the Surrealism School. This article tried to prove that the poem (Hajm) is a form of Persian surrealism. Picture, language, music and thought in Sheˊre Hajm have been studied. At the beginning of this article, we briefly discuss the surrealism movement. Then, the history and the statement of Spacementalism are death with. Common characteristics of surrealism and poetry are also considered in this paper. In Hajm Poem, we see paradoxical images, ambiguous language and defamiliarization; the same features are observable in surrealism. These issues are documented in this article.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (Fall 2022)
Abstract
Thought in Frege’s point of view is accompanied by innovations as well as ambiguities that have been examined from various points of view. But Frege's view of conventional definitions of truth and rejecting them is the main topic of this article. In his explanation of propositions containing thought and judgment, Frege doesn’t accept the conventional definitions of truth for their sequence, and in order to solve the problem of achieving the truth and value of propositions, he proposes "Thought" and tries to replace it. In order to clarify this claim, we first examine language and thought from his point of view, and then by entering into the subject of thought and discovering its characteristics, we will try to understand Frege's claim to replace it with the definitions of truth. Finally, with the plan of seven critiques, the author believes that this replacement is not possible and fruitful.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Black stem is one of the most important fungal diseases of sunflower which is caused by Phoma macdonaldii. This research was conducted to clarify the interactions between a few breeder lines and wild-type accessions of sunflower with seven isolates of Phoma macdonaldii, the causal agent, under controlled conditions. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Each replication consisted of 30 seedlings. Twenty micro liters of spore suspension was deposited at the intersection of the cotyledon petiole and hypocotyl of four-leaf-stage sunflower seedlings as well. Three, five and seven days after inoculation, seedlings were scored on a 1-9 scale for percentage of necrotic area. Highly significant differences were observed among genotypes, isolates and their interactions for disease severity 7 days after inoculation based on AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve) values. Two models of GGE biplot including Isolate-based and genotype-based models were used to study the pathogenicity of the isolates and susceptibility of sunflower, respectively. Isolate-focused biplot revealed that there was a considerable difference between virulence of isolates. Based on genotype-focused biplot model, accessions including 665 Iowa, 1012 Nebraska, 211 Illinois and 1016 Nebraska were more resistant to studied isolates of P. macdnaldii. Results revealed that GGE biplot approach could lead to good understanding about interactions between sunflower genotypes and Phoma macdonaldii isolates.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) is a usual complaint among workers engaged in static work, tasks requiring repetitive motion, and prolonged computer work. The aims of the present study were to assess office work-associated ergonomic risk factors using ROSA method as well as to identify which office equipment is more conducive to musculoskeletal disorders in office workers.
Instruments and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 163 employees of Fasa University of Medical Sciences (FUMS), Iran, in 2017. Data were collected by simple random sampling method. Demographic characteristics questionnaire, Standardized Nordic questionnaire (NMQ), and rapid office strain assessment (ROSA) checklist were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. All the statistical analyses was carried out using SPSS 20 software.
Findings: The majority of musculoskeletal disorders in the last 12 months had occurred in lower back (60.7%), neck (50.9%), and knee (48.5%). Risk level for 137 participants (84.04%) was at the notification area (Score 3 to 5) and for 26 participants (15.95%) was at the need for ergonomic intervention area (score>5). Chair was identified as the major cause of pain in many parts of the body including elbows, lower back, knees, and legs.
Conclusion: Various risk factors, such as office equipment, in the workplace, may contribute to MSDs in different body regions. Chair is the major cause of pain in many parts of the body.
Volume 3, Issue 3 ((Articles in Persian) 2012)
Abstract
In this paper, we researched about poetry “Katibe” (inscription) according to the theory of morphology. For this purpose, we defined the theory of morphology. Then, according to this theory, this poem has been analyzed. This poem is divided into roles, personalities and movements. Katibeh (Inscription) is a narrative poem that has dramatic structure. In this poem, the reader sees the story from the poet's point of view. There are twenty-three roles in the poem. Characters in these poems are divided into two categories: Human and natural. In this poem, five characters are doing things and there are three movements.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Among different models for runoff estimation in watershed management, the Soil Conservation Services-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method along with its modifications have been widely applied to ungauged watersheds because of quickly and more accurate estimation of surface runoff. This approach has been widely accepted by hydrologists, water resources planners, foresters, and engineers, as well. Therefore, this work was aimed to estimate the curve number using CN-values through several methods viz. SCS, Sobhani (1975), Hawkins et al. (1985), Chow et al. (1988), Neitsch et al. (2002) and Mishra et al. (2008) in Bar Watershed, Iran. According to the results, the Neitsch formula showed the best performance for estimating the Curve Number in situation with low (CNI) and high (CNIII) antecedent moisture conditions. However, the weakest performance was related to Mishra (2008) in CNI and CNIII-conversions. The weakest performance was resulted from the exponential form of the Neitsch et al. formula and the variable meteorological conditions of the Bar Watershed over the year.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (Summer 2023)
Abstract
Effective Altruism has discussed helping others both in the domain of theoretical foundations and in the domain of practical foundations. In fact, helping others includes helping other humans, animals, the environment, and any other thing that improves the conditions of men and the world, and the discussion of this issue is of a background as ancient as human existence itself. The Most Good You Can Do by Peter Singer, one of the contemporary thinkers in practical ethics, contains four parts and fifteen chapters. The book has discussed the issue of helping others in a very proper and, of course, effective and applied manner, and it is unique in its specific domain; but the most significant point of weakness of this book is its negligence of the role of global organizations in prevention from war, etc., which in turn can play an effective and even fundamental role in the domain of altruism.
Volume 3, Issue 4 ((Articles in Persian) 2012)
Abstract
Objective correlative is the non-vocal expression of emotions through a set of sophisticated situations, events which bring to the reader the same emotions. In other words, the writer instead of direct expression of emotions, illustrates them by object, situations and events in order to influence the reader. This disinterested or impersonal theory of foregrounding emotions or experiences in art and poetry is also being used in the poetic vocations of both Nima and Shamloo. So the present comparative study intends to show the manifestation of the term objective correlative in some of the poems by these two poets, which does not seem to have received so far a significant attention by the researchers. Of Nimas poems, the authors have selected: Guard of night, Night whole night and Night, Call him, and of Shamloo’s poetical vocations they have chosen: Rejected, Where is the flower, There is nothing to say, Euology, Connection, Ibrahim in the fire, and Plan.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (winter 2022)
Abstract
Aims:One of the most important issues and challenges facing developing societies is the physical identity of buildings and urban facades. Cities, under the influence of modernity, have an identity problem, and the concept of urban identity in the process of cognition and perception presents a multi-dimensional and complex phenomenon. The physical identity of cities has become an influential category in city lifeThis article is based on the question that - How can a solution or a guideline be formulated to improve the formal identity and exterior appearance of architecture in the capital and a metropolis like Tehran, which is in line with today's tastes and intellectual level? Methods: The research method in this research is qualitative survey and research of applied type, and to answer the research question, first from the library method to examine the effective factors in the formation of physical identity, then through the questionnaire asked from the experts and professors of architecture. is placed
Findings: The statistical population consisted of 273 architecture professors, and finally, among the effective factors with the highest priority among the effective factors in the physical identity of the buildings, the combination of traditional and modern facades, the use of details and decorations in the facades, the use of sustainable materials, the spirit Nowadays, using the past model and paying attention to diversity and avoiding uniformity and homogeneity has had the greatest impact.
Conclusion: There are statistically significant differences between different respondents in their attitude towards facade parameters (mass and joint, openings, architectural details and materials). These results show the multiplicity and variety of trends in the practice of architecture for different jobs. It is also clear that the main reason for the significant difference between the averages is related to the fact that the respondents believe that these parameters had a significant impact on the continuity of the architectural identity.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (winter 2022)
Abstract
Aims: How to design spaces in cities can have different effects on citizens. The objectives of this study can be to examine the impact of biophilic urban space on the stress of people.
Methods: The research method is quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the study consists of 20 bachelor and master students in the field of architecture and urban planning at Tabriz University of Islamic Arts in the academic year 1400. First, students' health was identified using a call announcement and a demographic questionnaire, and these individuals were quantified for stress with the help of a smart wristband while viewing images of biophilic and non-biophilic urban spaces with the help of virtual reality glasses.
Findings: Analysis of the results shows that the average change in stress of individuals while viewing non-biophilic images was approximately 5/2 units higher than biophilic ones in the second minute. p-Value is significant between individuals with education in biophilic state and rest in 1 minute and non-biophilic in 2 minutes. The difference between stress number in non-biophilic state and biophilic in 2 minutes is significant (p-value = 023/0) and shows the positive effect of biophilic approach on reducing stress that this efficiency can be considered in the design of future urban spaces.
Conclusion: Special attention of urban designers on the structure of spaces and the use of extraction measures from the biophilic model in different scales cause the design or organization of spaces that significantly reduce the stress of people living in cities
Volume 4, Issue 1 (No.1 (Tome 13), (Articles in Persian) 2013)
Abstract
The aim of this article is to study the phonological processes of Bala-Gueriveh Luri in Khoram Abad (Lurestan, Iran) and to compare these processes with those of Standard Persian. The data were collected through a four-hour interview with four Lur informants. Furthermore, one of the authors is a native speaker of this dialect. The data were transcribed according to the International Phonetic Alphabet and analyzed descriptively. The phonological processes studied here are: consonantal processes such as assimilation, dissimilation, neutralization, lenition, elision and metathesis. In this dialect, lenition and elision are more active than other processes.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2016)
Abstract
Drought is a complex natural phenomenon that can occur in any climate. Hydrologic drought in the river flow of arid and semi-arid areas causes serious shortages, threatens the quality of life, and impacts on the economy. Understanding this feature is then essential for the management of water resources. Hydrologic drought in the sense of deficient river flow is defined as the periods that river flow does not meet the needs of planned programs for system management. In the present study, changes in the monthly discharge of 14 hydrometric stations throughout the Gorganroud watershed over 30-year period (1980-2010) were studied. Then the deficit flow was determined based on threshold level method, and the results were analyzed. It was revealed that periods of severe shortages have happened in the very humid and semi-arid climates and the downstream of the study area, while longer periods (28 months) of low flows have occurred in the arid climate. The trend of severity and persistence in the central stations of the watershed was increasing. Also shortages occurred with greater frequency at the end of the study period, and river flow shortage during the years 1998-99, 2007-2008, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 has occurred in most of the stations. So in these years, flow deficit has happened in 50, 85.9, 64.3 and 92.8 %of the stations, respectively.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (Winter 2019)
Abstract
Aim: Thermophilic Campylobacter is the first cause of gastroenteritis infection in human. Nowadays, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. is higher than other bacteria causing intestinal infection such as Salmonella and Shigella. This study was designed to compare the frequency of Campylobacter species in poultry slaughterhouse workers and poultry meat sellers (exposed group) and in healthy people (non-exposed group) in Arak city.
Materials & Methods: Among the 104 samples, 52 samples were collected from the slaughterhouse workers and poultry meat sellers, and 52 samples were collected from the control group. The stool samples were taken from the slaughterhouse workers, poultry meat seller, and healthy people who had not received antibiotics for the last two weeks. For enrichment, the samples were enriched in Preston broth medium at 37℃ for 48 hrs under the microaerophilic conditions. Then they were sub cultured using a passive filtration method on Brucella agar at 37℃ for 72 hrs under the microaerophilic conditions. Finally, the samples were directly tested using genus- and species specific PCR primers.
Findings: Of 52 samples collected from the slaughterhouse workers and poultry meat sellers, 11 (21.1%) samples were positive for the presence of Campylobacter spp. by PCR, and of 52 samples collected from the healthy people, 2 (3.8%) samples were reported as positive. The most frequent species isolated from the 2 groups were C.jejuni (53.84%) and C.coli (23.07%), respectively.
Conclusion: Chicken is identified as one of the important sources of Campylobacter infections in humans, which may contaminate poultry Slaughterhouse workers and chicken meat sellers, which in turn, they could potentially transmit Campylobacter strains to healthy people and chicken meat.
Volume 5, Issue 2 (8-2015)
Abstract
Supply Chain Management (SCM) is an integrated process of decision making from supplying raw materials to consume final product by final customers. Selecting of most appropriate suppliers is one of the most important decision making problems affected by different qualitative and quantitative parameters. As supply chain gets more complex, uncertainty and risk level in the supply chain would increase. Hence supply chain risk management, especially supplier risks, has become a major issue in the organizations. In this study at first by identifying suppler risks in the steel industries using blast furnace, a hierarchical classification of risks (38 risk events in 3 levels) was developed. At the second step, by considering risk events set, a group of nine evaluation criteria was proposed. Afterward for more accurate assessment of each supplier risks, a composite risk index is proposed based on the evaluation criteria and their importance weights. Finally, by employing the ELECTRE III, the priority of suppliers (mines) of Esfahan Steel Company was evaluated and the most appropriate one was determined. Based on obtained results, Jalal-Abad and Shargh-Iran iron ore complexes can be considered as suppliers having lowest and highest risk levels, respectively.
