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Evaluation of Liver Enzymes’ Level in Blood Serum of Crystal Addicts Introduction: Crystal or dimetamphetamine is one of the harmful substances which are imported to Iran in the last few years. Crystal is made of pure heroin. Its harmful effects are more than heroin. Addiction to crystal can produce psychological and organ damage. In order to find out which part of body could be affected, examination of enzymes is useful. Liver is one of the organs which can be infected by drug abuse. Liver function test can be used to show these harmful effects. The aim of the present study is to exanimate of the effects of crystal abuse on liver enzymes such as Aspartat transaminase, Alanine transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase in crystal abusers. Materials & Methods: The current study is a case-control and cross-sectional study on 105 crystal addicted as case group who had referred to addiction treatment center for the first time and 100 healthy people as control group. The activity of enzymes was measured by callorimetery-spectrophotometry method. Results were analyzed by T-test exam and SPSS-16 software. Results: results show that using crystal increases the level of AST, ALT and ALP and there is a significant relationship between crystal abuse and the level of ALP (p=0.027). In addition, there is a significant relationship between duration of crystal use and the level of ALP (p<0.05). Conclusion: comparing with AST and ALT levels, ALP level is more affected by crystal abuse.

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For many years, human tend to use fermentation products due to the presence of nutrients that are effective on health. The health effects of the Functionl fermentation products are or directly due to the presence of microorganisms, and their function in the host body or indirectly the result of their metabolites during fermentation. Cereal-based products have suitable bioavailability for probiotic cells and furthmore they have desirable sensory and nutritional properties. The purpose of this study was to use probiotic bacteria and yeast alone and also simultaneously at three levels of wheat sprout flour to prepare a functional beverage. The study evalated the changes of pH , acidity , counting of probiotic cells and folic acid content . furthermore , the sensory characteristics were checked using a 5-point Hedonic test. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results showed that acidity increased with increasing flour content. The highest survival of probiotic beverage containing 10 grams of wheat sprout flour with bacteria and yeast Initiation culture. in terms of the sensory characteristics and folic acid, the drink contains 15 sprout of flour with bacteria and yeast.

 

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In this article, rigid wedge water entry problem under different conditions are evaluated using numerical scheme. It continues to be one of the fundamental issues raised in the hydrodynamics studies and known as a reference for the study of slamming phenomena. The exact calculation of the pressure caused by the slamming phenomenon can be used to analyze the appropriate structural analysis of the ships. In the current study, important variables such as speed and fluid pressure is investigated using computational fluid dynamics method based on the open source OpenFOAM code by numerical solution of the governing equations of tow phase fluid. In order to verify the simulation results obtained from this research, he values of the maximum pressure and t he location and exact time of its occurrence and also pressure coefficient distribution at the impact region have been compared by experimental results of other studies. These investigations have been utilized at different impact velocities and angles. By comparing the numerical results and experimental values, an error was found in the range of 2 to 9%. In addition, variables affecting the pressure applied to the wedge such as water entry velocity and different deadrise angles have been studied.

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This study investigates the effect of injection parameters on the geometric and optical quality of a Bi-convex lens injected with PMMA polymer. An important part of this research is the effect of each parameter on the geometric and optical quality of the lens and the obtaining of optimal quantities for injection. According to the results of this study, the effective factors simultaneously on the geometric quality and the optical quality of these types of lenses are melt temperature, packing time, injection pressure and packing pressure, respectively. These factors indicate that the simultaneous control of the pressure, in the mold cavity both during the injection and at the packing stage, can represent a suitable injection with minimal optical errors. According to the collected data, the average volumetric shrinkage check is 5.847% singly, in this case the refractive index is equivalent to 7.12E-05. The refractive index analysis is 6.28E-05 singly. In this case, the minimum average volume contraction is 9.1%. Therefore, optimizing and minimizing one of the geometric or optical factors will not produce the proper values of the other factor. Using the multi response Taguchi method, is obtained the minimum average volumetric shrinkage is 5.503% and the minimum refractive index is 6.96E-05.

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Empirical studies on the concept of rural entrepreneurship are neglected in the literature. This study aimed to analyze this concept empirically through investigation of the businesses related to rural areas and distinguish them into three groups including “rural entrepreneurship”, “entrepreneurship in rural areas” and “rural business”. Two questionnaires were designed for this survey research: one general, filled by owners of businesses, and the second was specific, filled by the research group. A total of 496 Iranian businesses related to rural areas supported by Omid Entrepreneurship Fund in Fars Province were categorized into three groups of businesses. The results of ANOVA indicated that “rural entrepreneurship” and “entrepreneurship in rural areas” were statistically more entrepreneurial than “rural business”. The values created by different groups of businesses were analyzed and the results showed that “rural entrepreneurship” was the only group whose profitability was dependent on value creation for rural areas.

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Research on the rural entrepreneurial process is relatively limited. This quantitative study appraised an opportunity-based model of rural entrepreneurial process that consisted of two components including the principal stages and the important factors in each stage. Using tree analysis, the pathways passed by the rural entrepreneurs and the drivers of the process were investigated. A survey was conducted with a sample of 193 rural entrepreneurs supported by Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, Iran. Based on the results, the rural entrepreneurs passed 7 pathways to get from opportunity recognition to opportunity exploitation. Process of analyzing the regression tree indicated that the rural entrepreneurial process resulted from a complex set of various stages and drivers. The first determinant stage of the predicted value of opportunity exploitation as the dependent variable was opportunity evaluation. All rural entrepreneurs were divided into two categories of low and high opportunity evaluation. The most important drivers of this stage were prior knowledge, access to expertise, and access to financial resources. According to the results, social supports, proactiveness, and expectancy for success were the most effective drivers of the rural entrepreneurial process in which opportunity revision was the most determinant stage. Opportunity examination was another determinant stage influenced by normative environment and self-efficacy. Innovativeness and social networks were the best drivers for the rural entrepreneurs who passed the rural entrepreneurial process with high ability of opportunity recognition. According to the results, both individual and contextual factors were important, in almost all pathways. To facilitate and accelerate the rural entrepreneurial process and promote its quality, it is important to consider the rural entrepreneurs’ abilities.