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 Fresh fish is a highly perishable food item and spoils easily. In this research, after investigating the antioxidant properties of the Eryngium Campestre extract (Ece), its effect along with the sodium alginate coating was evaluated on the shelf-life of rainbow trout under refrigerated conditions (4°C) for 12 days. To assess the antioxidant properties of the extract, tests such as DPPH, total phenolics, reducing power, and ABTS were performed. Subsequently, samples treated with an Ece containing alginate coating applied via spray method were analyzed for chemical parameters (TBA, TVN, and pH) , microbiological parameters (total psychrotrophic and mesophilic bacteria), and sensory evaluations at four day intervals up to the 12 day. The results indicated that Ece possessed significant antioxidant properties. Furthermore, treatments that included the extract combined with the sodium alginate  coating significantly reduced pH, TVN, and TBA levels compared to the control sample (p<0.05). Microbial tests indicated that all treated samples inhibited bacterial growth when compared to the control sample, with a reduction of approximately 3 log CFU/g compared to the control group. In the sensory evaluation, treatments containing Ece and sodium alginate  yielded more favorable results than those of the control group. According to the obtained results coating the samples with sodium alginate  and Ece improved the microbial, chemical, and sensory properties and shelf life of rainbow trout in refrigerator conditions by about four days.
 

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The narratology, with a relatively vast domain, is the center of attention for many circles of literary criticism. Besides, the relation between narrative elements with other fictional elements has introduced various new perspectives in the field of literary criticism. The aim of this article is to explain and analyze several narrative techniques, and also to show some instances of these techniques in the Masnavi’s tales. The focus of this paper will be on four major concepts, namely narrative past, Material and mental process verbs, narrative proceeding and intercalated narration. In the part devoted to narrative past, the different functions of the tense of the verb in fictional and factual texts is explicated. In the next part, it is discussed that the reporting of the persons’ external verbs like eating wearing running and the like can occur in nonfictional texts; yet, explanation of the internal verbs like thinking, hoping, and etc., is possible only in fictional texts. In the third section of the paper, the linear narrative and interruption of linear narrative will be dealt with. Finally, in the last part of this paper, the concept of intercalated narration is explored. It should be noted that the intercalated narration involves tales in which the narrative framework proceeds alternately between fictional acts and characters’ dialogues.

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Nowadays most of structural engineers consider masonry infill walls as non-structural elements and only their mass is calculated during structural analysis, on the other hand, architects determine the specifications of walls without considering any of their seismic performance. In other words, during the seismic design of conventional medium rise buildings, most focuses are on structural elements and seismic performance of walls is rarely considered. While masonry infill walls are non-structural elements have the most potential to facilitate the entire collapse of buildings and damage them even in mild or moderate earthquakes. Experiences of past earthquakes show infill walls may have positive or negative effects on building›s seismic response. In recent earthquakes, numerous buildings designed by engineers were severely damaged or
even collapsed as a result of anomalies in the basic structural system induced by non-structural masonry partitions. Whereas there were weak structures without any lateral force resistant elements constructed by non-specialist people which remained stable as a result of the contribution of masonry infill walls. Therefore the research process has been defined in a way to answer the followings three main questions:
1. Which faults in design and construction will cause damage to walls in earthquakes?
2. How can non-structural walls lead to the collapse of seismic resistant buildings in earthquakes?
3. What are the effects of non-structural walls in seismic resistance of buildings?
Since there are various definitions of walls, it should be noted that this study included non-structural walls such as infill walls and partitions and excluded shear walls and load bearing walls. The main purpose of this paper is to identify weaknesses of walls and also investigate the positive and negative effects of infill walls on seismic performance of buildings in a conceptual approach for architects. Numerous studies have been carried out about the effects of infill walls on structural behavior in earthquakes by researchers from structure and earthquakes engineering with an intensive approach, but there are a few researches with a comprehensive conceptual approach considering all efficient factors on the seismic performance of walls with perceptible approach to be employed by architects. So this paper is trying to study the damage of walls in past earthquakes and evaluate their positive and negative effects on seismic performance of buildings in three main levels to determine main causes of damage. The results can be used as awareness for architects about the consequences of their decisions in design process. Considering required measures in the design phase and providing more favorable context for the seismic performance of buildings can result in the better performance of structures.
The main approach of this research is analytical and the applied method is experimental. In fact, the observed damage in past earthquakes is similar to a performed experiment in laboratory with a real scale. In this method there is no limitation in terms of scale, material properties and quality of construction in comparison with computer modeling or laboratory methods. According to the extensive approach of this paper, this method can be very helpful in understanding all efficient factors in seismic performance of walls. The main source of data in this paper is based on the damage of buildings in 1990 Manjil-Rudbar, Iran, 2002 Changureh (Avaj), Iran, 2003 Bam, Iran, 1968 Tokachi-oki, Japan, 1985 Mexico City, 1925 Santa
Barbara, California, 1971 San Fernando, California, 1994 Northridge, California, 1995 Kobe, Japan, 1998 Adana-Ceyhan, Turkey, 1999 Kocaeli (Izmit), Turkey, 2001 Arequipa, Peru, 2002 Molise, Italy, 2007 Sumatra, Indonesia, 2008 Wenchuan, Chian, 2009 Abruzzo, Italy, 2011 Tohoku, Japan, 2011 Van, Turkey, 2011 Lyttelton, New Zealand earthquakes.
Based on the experiences of past earthquakes, the seismic behavior of walls can be presented in a unique graph by three levels and analyzing each of them in both positive and negative aspects. In the first level of poor performance, only wall is damaged, which is known as in-plane failure that can happen for both separate and infill walls. The weak components and connections, configuration and the size of openingsare the two main efficient factors for the occurrence of this kind of failures. In the second level, wall is damaged and there would be possibility of damage to other non-structural elements and humans› injury too. These kinds of failure are known as out-of-plane failure and can be occurred in separate and infill walls.
The three factors of weak components and connections, non-proper aspect ratio and weak connections to structural elements are effective on this level of damage. In the third level, infill walls cause damage to the structure of buildings. In this level, wall failure especially in-plane failures may occur first and then followed by structural failure. In other cases wall could remain stable but due to its form, material, connection and position causes the structural damage. Following the structural damage, the damage to non-structural elements such as walls and also human causalities are expected.
There could be imagined, three levels for satisfactory wall performance. In the first level, walls remain stable against in-plane forces. In the second level, walls also remain stable against out-of-plane forces and do not cause damage to other elements. In the third level, walls which remain stable in both two previous levels and have appropriate material, adequate connections between components, proper aspect ratio, durable connections to the structure, proper position of the openings and their arrangement in plan and elevations are desirable, can help in strengthening non-seismic resistant buildings or can provide extra potential for seismic resistant buildings.
As a final conclusion it is necessary to notice the characteristics of walls in order to achieve an ultimate seismic resistant building, besides the seismic design of structural system. A little care to the seismic performance of walls in various stages of architectural and structural design can prevent the adverse effects of walls during earthquakes and exploit their favorable performance. By this method, structural costs can be reduced and also can provide extra potential for seismic resistant of buildings with low quality construction without any increase in cost.

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Each language has a certain canonical word order. In English, for example, the SVO canonical word order mandates that the object follow the verb and, with non-alternating dative verbs (Mazurkewich, 1984; Pinker, 1989) like donate, the direct object (DO) precede the indirect object (IO):

1. I donated the books to the library.
2. *I donated to the library the books.

However, it has been widely documented that in situations where the DO is longer, this unmarked word order undergoes a change. For example, sentence 4 below is much more acceptable than sentence 3:

3. I donated the books that I had bought several years ago to the library.
4. I donated to the library the books that I had bought several years ago.

This phenomenon, known as the “short-before-long” principle or heavy NP shift (Arnold et al. 2000, Ross, 1967, Stallings et al. 1998, Wasow, 1997), was initially thought to be universal since incremental models of sentence production (e.g., Bock & Levelt, 1994; Garrett, 1980), which were in vogue when this phenomenon was initially observed, claimed that short constituents are easier to retrieve and are thus placed before longer and heavier ones. However, investigating other non-Germanic languages, especially through corpus studies, researchers realized that in OV languages like Japanese (Chang, 2009; Yamashita & Chang 2001) and Korean (Choi, 2007) the inverse of the short-before-long tendency is true, i.e., it is the longer constituent that tends to precede the shorter one in the pre-verbal domain.
The issue of what factors influence the relative order of objects in Persian sentences, and how the length factor can affect this ordering has been tackled only recently in the literature. Faghiri and Samvelian (2014) conducted a corpus analysis of Persian sentences and concluded that the relative order of the DO and the IO in this language corresponds, to a large extent, to the nature of the DO. To corroborate this finding, Faghiri, Samvelian and Hemforth (2014) carried out a web-based sentence completion task and demonstrated that in Persian the relative order of the DO and the IO depends mainly on whether the DO is definite or indefinite and, to a lesser degree, on the DO’s length, with higher likelihoods of the DO-IO-V order as the DO gets longer. These two studies, therefore, seem to suggest that in Persian the relative length of the objects is of secondary importance, and conceptual and/or discourse accessibility of the objects determines their order in the pre-verbal domain (Karimi, 2003).
What remains missing in this growing literature on heavy NP shift in Persian, however, is looking into the Persian native speaker’s intuition or “knowledge of language” (Newmeyer, 2003, p. 682) through judgment data. Newmeyer (2003) argues that collecting corpus data, which reflect language usage, is by no means enough to draw definitive conclusions in a linguistic analysis, and native speaker judgments should also be solicited to obtain a better picture of the phenomenon under investigation (see also Manning (2003) who used corpus data to provide counterexamples to data obtained by Pollard and Sag (1994) through judgment tests regarding verb subcategorization in English). In this spirit, the present study seeks to examine heavy NP shift in Persian from a new angle; namely, it intends to examine, primarily through a grammaticality judgment test (GJT), how Persian speakers rate DO-IO and IO-DO sentences, and to what extent the length of the DO affects their ratings. The findings of the GJT are also coupled with a prompted sentence recall task (PSRT), which in turn helps us draw better conclusions about the status of the heavy NP shift phenomenon in Persian.                        
 

 

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The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the fluidized-bed drying me-thod on the final quality of two varieties of Iranian rice, medium- and long grain. The re-sults were compared to that of paddy drying using a traditional method. Rough rice was treated in the fluidized bed drier at 140ºC for 2 minutes. Similar samples were dried for 8-10 hrs by the traditional method. Dried samples were dehusked and polished. Quality factors, including trade quality (head rice yield percent and whiteness), cooking quality (amylose content, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency, aroma and flavor) and nu-tritional quality (thiamine and lysine contents), were then measured for each sample. Fi-nally, the data was analyzed. Results show that paddy drying in a fluidized bed dryer would reduce the quality factors except for rice whiteness for which conventional drying is more acceptable. Therefore modification of fluidized-bed drying technique is recom-mended.

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Objective: Molecular epidemiology of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is currently used widely for different objectives such as vector incrimination studies. Materials and Methods: In this study three different loci including kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and Cystein protease B (CPB) of Leishmania parasite genome were used for detection and identification of natural infection of sand flies of Germi district of Ardebil province, the most important VL or Kala-azar foci in Iran. Results: The results showed that the three loci of kDNA, rDNA and CPBs are respectively more appropriate for leptomonad infection/initial screening, identification of the L.donovani complex, and discrimination of the species complex. It was also verified that both members of the complex, L. donovani and L. infantum, are present in the study area and are transmitted to the hosts by

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A thin layer solar drying method was compared with a traditional method (sun drying) of paddy drying, with their effects on quality characteristics of two varieties of Iranian rice (Kamphiroozi and Sazandegi) studied. Solar drying process was conducted in a passive, mixed mode type solar dryer at about 50ºC for 90 minutes. In sun drying method this process took 8-10 hours at a mean temperature of about 26ºC. Samples were milled and polished. Quality factors including trade quality (head rice yield percent and whiteness), cooking quality (amylose content, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency, aroma and flavor) as well as nutritional quality (thiamine and lysine contents) were evaluated. For a determination of head rice yield, the percentages of de-husked and broken kernels were determined by hand-sorting of broken kernels, the calculation being done through the pertaining formula. Gel consistency was determined according to the method of Cagampang et al. (the consistency of milled rice paste that has been gelatinized by being boiled in dilute alkali and then cooled to room temperature). Amylose content was determined through the simplified assay method of Juliano (setting standard curve by spectrophotometer and comparing the adsorption with the sample’s). Gelatinization temperature was estimated by the extent of alkali spreading and clearing of milled rice soaked in 1.7% KOH for 23 hours at room temperature. Organoleptic characteristics of cooked rice (iflavor, aroma) and apparent whiteness were judged by the taste panel using sensory evaluation method in triplicate. With respect to nutritional value, lysine amino acid was determined by using biological assay and applying Lactobacilllus delbrueckii while thiamine being measured through thiochrome fluorescence technique. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of solar drying process on the final quality of rice kernels and to compare the effects of this method with those in the traditional method of drying (natural sun drying). Results indicated that under the conditions prevailing in solar dryer, quality factors weren't affected except for whiteness of rice that too was better than that for sun dried samples. All other quality characteristics of the final product were acceptable in comparison with those in sun drying method.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacillus of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Despite being part of the natural human microflora, this is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. The increased emergence of multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae has limited the treatment options for this bacterium. Carbon nanotubes (CNT), by improving the stability and solubulity of drugs, could increase the effectiveness of drugs for treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of nanofluid containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-CNT-NF) on Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens. For the strain confirmation, biochemical ,API20E kit, and additional differential tests were performed, and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. The studied strain showed a resistance to all antibiotics such as cefepime.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the antibiotic micro dilution method. The MIC was determined in five effect modes including antibiotic (Ab), nanofluid containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-CNT-NF) , nanofluid containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT-NF) ,Ab in combination with f-CNT-NF and Ab with CNT-NF. Nevertheless the individual effects of 10 µg mL^-1 cefepime or 80 µg of nanofluid with f-CNT-NF did not inhibit the growth of the bacteria, but the co-administration of 10 µg mL^-1 cefepime with 80 µg of the f-CNT-NF could inhibit the bacteria`s growth. It was concluded that f-CNT-NF could be more effective in drug delivery at lower concentrations than the free state, which could be used as a tool for optimal drug delivery.

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In this paper, the stress intensity factor for an internal circumferential crack in a thick-walled cylinder has been determined. The cylinder has been subjected to an axisymmetric thermal shock on the outer surface according to the dual phase lag theory. The uncoupled, quasi-stationary thermoelastic governing equations have been assumed. The temperature and stress fields have been solved analytically in the Laplace domain and its Laplace inversion transform has been obtained numerically. Using weight function method, the stress intensity factor for mode-I has been extracted. Temperature, stress and stress intensity factor of hyperbolic and dual phase lag theories have been compared and the effects of heat flux and temperature gradient time relaxations on the temperature, stress and stress intensity factor have been studied. According to the results, the dual phase lag temperature distribution is different in comparison with the Fourier model. Also, the stress intensity factor for dual phase lag model is significant larger than Fourier one. Moreover, the maximum stress intensity factor in dual phase lag model occurs for a crack that the peak of stress wave reaches to its tip. Results show assumption of adequate heat conduction model for structure design under transient thermal loading is critical.

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In this study, the effect of incorporating chia seed modified flour(MSF) (0-7.5 %) on moisture content, fat content, total fiber content, antioxidant activity, total phenol content, color, texture and organoleptic characteristics of functional barbari bread was evaluated. The results showed addition of MSF increased the moisture content, oil and total fiber content, total phenol content and antioxidant activity (17.9±0.9 % to 66.2 ± 0.2%) in the samples. While increasing the amount of MSF, the L* value and hardness of the samples was decreased. The organoleptic characteristics of bread containing 2.5% MSF had no significant different (P<0.05) with the control. Increasing the replacement of wheat flour with MSF (2.5 to 7.5%) reduced the acceptability of organoleptic characteristics of bread. Based on the results of the simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), the enthalpy for control was 4119.94 (J/g) and for the bread containing 5% MSF was about 4369.1 (J/g).  SEM results showed that the incorporation of MSF created a more uniform structure with smaller cavities in the bread.

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The mechanical properties of fruit are one of the most important determinants of standards for designing, transforming, processing, and packaging systems. One of the methods for changesdemonstraction in the internal structure of fruits during storage is to perform stress relaxation tests in different predetermined strains. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the orange compression behavior in quasi-static mechanical loadings by performing stress-relaxation tests of samples at predetermined levels of strain and modeling the Maxwell and Peleg method and comparing it with image processing method. In addition, in this study, cross-sectional area changes were measured during loading by image processing. The modulus of elasticity in the image processing method, the Maxwell model and the Peleg model on days 0 to 9 increased from 3.91 to 4.5, 3.6 to 4.53 and 2.7 to 3.45, respectively. which in spite of increasing trend there was no significant difference between them Since, no significant difference in the output of these two models (Maxwell and Peleg) was observed Peleg with the less number of elements (only two constants) was preferred compared to Maxwell method

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Reducing the environmental problems caused by transportation in various trip purposes (especially air pollution caused by cars use) in developed countries is of researches priorities. While in developing countries such as Iran, cultural aspects and environmental norms in discussing the use of cars in school trips (due to the complexity of decision making in school trip mode choice) well not identified. So far, in the field of educational trips have been discussed traffic and urban aspects (Strategies to reduce the volume of traffic), student’s health (encouraging children towards walking or cycling), traffic safety, accident prevention and mode use patterns. Also, less attention has been paid to environmental aspects and its quantification in school trips mode choice. Hence, this study analyses relation of parental norms towards environmental factors besides socio-economic factors in using schools trips modes of elementary students especially household private car what has been done in the frame of questionnaire with their parents. A questionnaire was designed and 1078 Questionnaires were distributed among Parents of students from grade one to three in nine elementary schools (including public and private boys and girls schools) in all districts of department of education in January 2014 (Return Rate: 80%) in Rasht. The questionnaire has three parts: socio-economic part, transport modes in school trips and parental norms towards environment and reducing car use. The questionnaire return rate was approximately 80%. After processing data, 735 questionnaires (more than 68% of total) were identified for analyzing and valid modeling. Based on the data achieved from this field questioning, Binary logit model were used to survey effectiveness and relationships of environmental norms components and socio-economic factors in use of household private car in school trips. Descriptive statistical analysis of the results of socio-economic variables (general characteristic of household) shows that 49.5% of observation were parents of boy student, 78.8% of sample were from public schools, 93.3% of fathers and 67.3% of mothers have driving license. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), with Varimax Rotation implied, a three-factor structure “personal norms ”, “Awareness of Consequences” and “Ascription of Responsibility” for parental environmental norms. Results show that parental environmental norms such as personal norms, concerns, feeling guilty about use of car and sense of responsibility towards the environment can play important role in reducing household private car use in escort of children to school. Also, direct and cross elasticity of logit model show that an increase of one percent of personal norms (Parental concerns about the environment and lees using of household private car) decreases the probability of choosing household private car mode to school by 0.86% and increases 0.15% choosing others school trips modes. An increase of one percent of awareness of environmental responsibilities in the utility of other school trip modes decreases 0.38% the probability of choosing household private car in school trips. Thus, such policies applied by the authorities in order to increasing parental awareness and sense of responsibility about importance of environmental issues with programs such as inviting parents to schools or cultural programs in the media can be effective in reducing car use in school trips.

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Malachite Green is extensively used as an antiparasite and antifungal agent in aquaculture. Treatment with malachite green leads to the remaining of the metabolite of this compound (luecomalachite green) in aquatic animal tissues and the production of carcinogenic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of luecomalachite green in the flesh of Rainbow trout in Mazandaran province. Fish specimens with approximate weight of 0.5 and 1 kg were collected from 20 farms in Mazandaran province (Haraz and Tonekabon) during 2018. Luecomalachite green was measured in samples using ELISA 96-well kit produced by Europroxima Co. (Netherlands). The highest and lowest levels of luecomalachite green (0.0001 mg/kg) were obtained from samples of 0.5 kg and 0.22 mg/kg in 1 kg samlpes, respectively. In some samples of 0.5 and 1 kg collected from Tonekabon, luecomalachite green content was less than the detection limit of the kit, and the highest amount of luecomalachite green was equal to 0.0047 mg/kg in 1 kg samples. Comparison of the results of all samples showed that the lowest contamination of luecomalachite green was observed in samples of 0.5 and 1 kg of Tonekabon region and the highest level of luecomalachite green were observed in samples of 1kg of Haraz area. The results of luecomalachite green contamination in this study were lower and also in the allowed standard range compared to previous studies, this indicates the improvement of sanitary condition of aquaculture stations, effective monitoring and control strategies, use of substitutes and safe alternatives to reduce fungal contamination and hence less malachite green consumption.

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Nowadays, magnetic nanofluids have drawn a lot of attention toward themselves due to various applications in different fields such as medicine and industry. In this paper, for the first time new pumping method for magnetic nanofluids and ferro-fluids is presented. Moreover, magnetic nanofluid flow inside a rectangular channel under the effect of nonuniform magnetic field of permanent magnet is investigated. Iron oxide nanoparticles which lie completely homogeneous inside the based fluid of water are used. The governing equations obtained by adding the Kelvin body force term to the Navier-Stokes equations, and the equations are discretized using finite volume method and PISO algorithm. In order to study the effective parameters in the function of the FHD micro pump, a selected ranges of nanoparticles size, volume fraction of nanoparticles, saturated magnetization, and the length and width of the magnet are studied. The results demonstrate the increase in any of the mentioned parameters leads to rise in velocity magnitude inside the channel. Change in the diameter of magnetic nanoparticles has greatest effect on the velocity magnitude inside the channel. Furthermore, vertical magnet has better performance than horizontal one in FHD micro pump.

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Determining the status of egg fertilization plays a major role in determining the quality of eggs and their products. In this regard, in order to achieve greater productivity and production, egg evaluation is considered necessary and important in terms of spermatogenesis. In this regard, spectroscopy was performed in the range of 0.01900 nm from 130 local egg samples in the direction of the main diameter for 3 days during the storage period. Spectrum data from spectrometers, in addition to sample information, include unwanted information and noise.  For this reason, in order to achieve accurate classification models, it is necessary to process spectral data before developing the appropriate model. In this regard, intelligent neural network classification was developed based on reference measurements and information of pre-processed spectra by combining different methods of smoothing, normalizing and increasing spectral separation power to determine the presence of sperm in the egg.  Classification results on day zero, first, second, warehousing with 72.3% accuracy, 73.1%, 75.5%, and detection, 86.31, 87.1%, 76% and sensitivity, respectively: 83 61%, 79.63% and 73.3% were obtained.

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Structures, including concrete bridges, may be exposed to gradual damage during operation due to environmental conditions such as corrosion, which will reduce their useful life. Knowing the amount of remaining useful life of the structures makes it possible to improve, strengthen or rebuild them at the right time. To determine the remaining useful life of a structure, there are three common methods under the titles of data-driven method, failure physics method and combined method. In this article, the combined method of determining the remaining useful life of structures has been studied. The purpose of this research is to propose a suitable method for predicting the remaining useful life of a bridge structure with a reinforced concrete deck under chloride ion corrosion using a Bayesian network. The remaining useful life of reinforced concrete parts under chloride attack includes two parts of the time related to the initial stage of corrosion and the time related to the release of chlorine ions. To determine the remaining useful life part related to the initial stage, various researches have been done and the American ACI365 committee has proposed a software called Life-365 for this purpose. There is no comprehensive research to determine the second part of the remaining life, which is related to the release stage. Based on the prepared Bayesian network and the formula obtained in this research, the remaining life of the chloride diffusion stage in concrete was estimated to be 9.116 years in the best conditions and 2.73 years in the worst conditions. Meanwhile, the number suggested by the ACI365 committee, in practical work, is usually equal to 6 years for the release stage.  This issue clarifies the need for more research in this regard. In this article, using the data available in past researches and reproducing the data and using the Bayesian network, relationships are presented to determine the useful life of the bridge structure in both the initial and release stages.Based on the proposed method, using the Bayesian network, relationships can be obtained for each of the two parts of the remaining useful life of the structure under chloride corrosion, i.e., the corrosion initiation stage and the chloride release stage, in terms of factors affecting the remaining useful life in a specific project. . In these networks, the effect of various factors can be considered, which is one of the advantages of the proposed method.The remaining useful life has an inverse relationship with temperature. When the average temperature increases by 20 degrees, the remaining useful life decreases by an average of 30%.With the help of the proposed relationships, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of different conditions of using pozzolanic compounds on the remaining life of the structure. In this regard, 17 states of different pozzolanic compounds with different concentrations were considered and the average remaining useful life due to different states was calculated. The average life obtained compared to the case where no pozzolan is used in concrete showed a 38% increase in life. In order to evaluate the results of the proposed relationships, the problem of determining the remaining useful life for a numerical model of a concrete bridge and several marine structures located in the Persian Gulf was investigated. The results of this research show that by using the proposed relationships, it is possible to improve the accuracy of estimating the remaining useful life of bridges with concrete decks exposed to chloride ion penetration, relying on the data obtained from the field inspections of the structure.