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Introduction: As one of the oldest and the most dynamic branches of political geography, Electoral geography has experienced ups and downs more than other branches of political geography. The objective ontology of the phenomenon of vote and its spatial distribution have linked this branch to spatial approach so that a large proportion of works in the area of Electoral geography have been written based on this approach. With the fall of positivism, the researches of Electoral geography also decreased. On the other hand, domination of descriptive, case, and applied studies without a robust theoretical and philosophical basis on theoretical and basic writings, is the main deficiency of Electoral geography in International and Iranian level. The aim of the present theoretical-fundamental study was to explain the dominant theoretical approaches in Electoral geography.
Conclusion: The Electoral geography can be explored in five theoretical approaches. The first approach is the traditional approach that deals with the spatial patterns of voting in the form of a regional school and human-environment relations. The second one is a spatial-behavioral approach that examines the voting behavior according to the measurement and analysis of key spatial variables based on the spatial school. The third approach is a radical approach that base on radical geography school deals with the theoretical articulation and revealing mechanisms that form Electoral processes. The fourth approach is a location-based approach that focuses on the impact of geographic-historical context on electoral behavior on the basis of the humanistic geography school and structuration theory. And, the fifth approach is a critical approach that criticizes the current approaches to the study of electoral geography and the presesentation of alternative readerships of electoral geography based on schools such as feminism, post-structuralism, and post-modernism.

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The chloroplast gene matK, formerly known as ORF509, has been identified as one of the most rapidly evolving genes at the nucleotide and corresponding amino acid levels. This gene is located in the large single-copy region of the chloroplast genome, and placed between the 5’ and the 3’ exons of trnK (tRNA-lysine) within a group II intron. The matK RNA and protein levels are affected by light and developmental stages, suggesting functional roles for this putative maturase that affect in photosynthesis indirectly. The matK has been considered as one of the most useful genes for resolving phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships at a range of taxonomic levels, from closely related species to the generic, familial, and even supra-familial levels among land plants, especially Angiosperms. The matK as a DNA barcode for land plants showed high levels of discrimination among angiosperm species that can be used single or in combination with other genes.

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Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet, two of the most famous critique translation theorists in their book "Comparative Stylistics in French and English,"(1995) introduce the seven methods and criteria for translation, which each interpreter uses unwittingly, and the interpreter's using of any of these methods and the amount of such use, expresses the translator's translation method, including direct and indirect translation. This research in two theoretical and comparative aspects first describes the components of Vinay and Darbelnet and then by an analytical and descriptive method examines some examples of (1394) Mousavi Garmaroudi's translation from Imam Ali's Letter to Malek Ashtar in Nahj al-Balagha based on the seven methods of the two, in order to provide a positive and accurate assessment of the quality and methods of the translator's translation. The result shows that Garmaroudi through the Vinay and Darbelnets' these seven methods used direct procedures less, which includes borrowing, calque, and literal translation and this issue is justified by his true and accurate writing. And the next four techniques, which are indirect, have been used more in his translation, and this method has contributed to an eloquent translation.

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Introduction 

Introduction
Administrative divisions refer to the territorial organization of the country space in a hierarchical manner, which is formed by dividing the land into smaller units along with layers of local government. Since the present situation of administrative divisions in Iran is facing challenges that pose obstacles to the realization of sustainable development and security, and considering the emphasis of the second, fourth, and fifth development plans on reforming the administrative division system, it is necessary to properly identify the weaknesses of this law and make necessary efforts to fix them and turn them into opportunities. To this aim, it can be helpful to review the laws of other countries regarding territorial organization. The present article provides a comparative study of the administrative divisions’ laws of Iran and Indonesia and seeks an answer to the following question: according to the laws of the two countries, based on which indicators and through which processes are the political units established, and how are the responsibilities and authorities distributed among the levels of local government?

Methodology
The present study is an applied research. A descriptive-analytic method and a qualitative approach were used to compare the administrative divisions’ laws of the two countries. The research data are composed of the legal documents of two countries regarding the system of administrative divisions. The data is collected through library method.

Results and discussion
In the Iranian division system, the quantitative indicator of "population" is dominant in developing and promoting the levels of administrative divisions. Other indicators mentioned in the law (position, homogeneity, sphere of influence, etc.) have not been defined, and no standard criterion has been presented for their measurement. In the Indonesian legal system, two categories of basic and administrative requirements (indicators) have been specified for the establishment of preliminary regions which, after passing the preliminary period, change to a new political region according to the approval of the law. The basic requirements (territorial and regional capacity) are the indicators that a geographical area must possess to promote the level in the division system. The important point is that these indicators have been defined, and their measurement criteria have been specified. Placing these indicators together, a diverse and multi-dimensional set of features is created that a geographical region must possess to be promoted in the division system. The outcome of these features is that a new administrative unit is developed when it has the necessary capabilities for self-reliance. Administrative requirements are, in fact, the prerequisite for starting the process of considering the creation of a political unit in the Indonesian government and parliaments. It shows that one of the indicators required for establishing new administrative units is a serious request on the part of the people, which is approved by the local parliament, the mayor/regent, the provincial parliament, and the governor.
The law of Iran has deferred any abstraction, annexation, conversion, creation, and integration, as well as determining and changing the center and the name of the units of administrative divisions, except for the province, to the proposal of the Ministry of Interior and the approval of the Cabinet of Ministers. The process of establishing political units in Iran is a top-down process. The law does not specify anything about the different stages of this process. In Indonesia, however, provinces and cities/regencies are established by passing laws. Also, any changes in the borders of the regions are regulated by law. Nevertheless, the change in the name of the region, the naming and renaming of a part of the land, the transfer of the capital, and the renaming of the capital are determined by government regulations. The characteristic feature of the Indonesian legal system in this regard is that prior to passing any law about establishing a political unit, a preliminary area must first be created for a trial period (three years) according to government regulation. During this preliminary period, the prerequisites for establishing a new province and regency/city should be provided (e.g., infrastructures, human resources, etc.). During this three-year preliminary period, the government evaluates the status of the preliminary region, and if approved, the new political unit is established according to the law by presenting a bill to the parliament. The law describes the process of creating a new preliminary region at the level of the province, the central government, and the parliaments step by step until the law is approved for establishing a new province or regency/municipality.
Iranian Law of Administrative Divisions adopts a place-oriented approach to political divisions. In other words, the law focuses on the way the land is divided without providing a description of how to manage the division levels. The mentioned law lacks provisions regarding the separation of national affairs from local ones, the responsibilities and authorities of divisional levels, coordination and communication with the central government, etc. In contrast, the Indonesian law of regional government has a space-oriented approach. In this law, regions are viewed as a geographical space with all its contents and relationships. The discussion of establishing new administrative units constitutes only one chapter of the law, and the rest of the law is a detailed description of how national affairs are separated from regional and local ones, the responsibilities and authorities of the central and regional levels, and other issues related to the management of political units, including regional finance, structure and organization, and performance monitoring.

Conclusion
The Indonesian law of regional government has some features that have negative consequences for this country; for instance, the bottom-up process of establishing political units has led to the uncontrolled proliferation of political units, resulting in spatial fragmentation, which has negative developmental consequences, and its pure imitation is not recommended. However, reviewing this law reveals that in order to reform the administrative divisions system of Iran through the approaches taken by laws of the fourth (Article (73)), fifth (Article (186)), and seventh (Article (105)) five-year development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is necessary to amend the Iranian Law of Administrative Divisions so that first, the levels of administrative divisions, including the position of the city in the division system, indicators for establishing political units, and the process of creating political units are revised. Second, it should clearly divide the responsibilities and authorities between the central government and the local government levels, including municipalities. As a result, such a law must necessarily include how to choose/ appoint heads and managers of local governments, responsibilities and authorities of all levels of government, structure, and organization of local governments, how to finance the tasks delegated to local governments, how the central government supervises local governments, etc. Definitely, drafting a comprehensive bill on administrative divisions through such an approach, representing decentralized governance from an administrative and financial point of view, requires revising and merging the laws on definitions and regulations of administrative divisions, the municipal law, the law of city and village Islamic councils, and other relevant laws as of a comprehensive law. Such a law will provide a comprehensive and transparent picture of regional and local governance and, in fact, the way the provinces and their subordinate levels are governed.
 

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In restructured power systems and in a wholesale power market, a distribution company as a market player intends to maximize its profit by utilizing its options. Hence determining an optimal energy acquisition strategy for a distribution company is vital, for attaining to this goal. However an important challenge for determining these strategies is forecasting other competitors and Generation companies' strategies and competitors' incomplete information must be considered as uncertainties in the problem. In this paper, an energy acquisition model for a distribution company with considering distributed generations, interruptible loads and information's uncertainties in a day-ahead electricity market has been presented. In the proposed method, distribution company energy acquisition strategy has been modeled as a two-level multi-objective optimization problem and has been solved by using nonlinear complementarities and L-P metric methods and then, the uncertainties in the competitors' information, has been applied to the model by using Monte Carlo method. An 8-bus system is employed to illustrate the proposed model and algorithm.

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In recent years, many studies have been performed on for use in various of science. The proper design and synthesis of these has a direct impact on their -chemical properties and their applications, especially in the field of biological sciences. There are several methods for magnetic synthesis. One of the simplest and most efficient methods for synthesis of magnetic is a chemical co-precipitation method, but of magnetic is one of the limitations of this method. In this study, various protocols for the synthesis of magnetic by co-precipitation method and silica coating of magnetic were performed and the effect of different factors such as the type of alkaline compound, the use of , temperature and in dispersion, aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles and their stability in aqueous solutions was investigated. Finally, a simple and reproducible protocol for magnetic synthesis with appropriate size distribution and high dispersion in aqueous solutions was optimized for use in biological applications.

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The media can never force their audience to think ‏but they can use some techniques to make you think about what they want to manipulate. By highlighting the messages in line with their goals, they attract the audience's attention to the subject they are interested in. ‏This study deals with the linguistic analysis of the American withdrawal from the  Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in the discourses of the two satellite channels called – Al-Arabiya  and Al – Manar adopting Teun van Dijk theoretical framework. In order to foreground a message in media, there are several techniques among them the linguistic ones are highly common. By analyzing the exit of America from JCPOA, the current research aims at investigating linguistic components of this event as reflected in Al-Arabiya and Al – Manar. Marginalization and foregrounding are among the techniques used by these channels in order to highlight the power of their discourse and to bold the weakness of the rival discourse. The reason to choose these channels was their different ideology vis-à-vis the JCPOA. These channels have tried to use linguistic tools such as repetition, exaggeration and contradiction to influence and persuade the audience. To do this, they carefully selected the letters and words used in the text of the act in a different way.
 

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The four elements have a key position between ancient myths .Also they have gained the attention of many philosophers, physicians, and mysticians. These elements have also represented in literature, and Gaston Bachelard categorizes human material imaginations based on the elements of water, fire, soil, and wind. According to Bachelard, to recognize the original poets one should consider their closeness from these elements and their distance from these elements. He beleives that the artistic works get their dynamics from the dept of relation  with four elements which widely represented in an artistic form in Surah Al-Qasas. The semiotic square depicts the dynamic verbal process and relies on the speech relation. The aim of the present research is to find the effect of four elements on semiotic transformation to discover their effects on the hidden and abstract layers of the text. In this way the authors have attempted to study the function of these natural elements within the story of Moses and Pharaoh by adopting a descriptive-analytical research methodology.The results showed that the four elements have considerable similarity to the target community of Moses Prophecy (Egyptian society). Water is the beginner of sloving humanity. Fire is a sign of change and rebirth. The highest frequency belongs to the element of soil. Also the four elements of the communication axis figure out contradiction opposition in the semiotic axis of mission and guidance.
 
1. Introduction
 Greimas’ semiotic  model, an analytical tool utilized in the field of linguistic research, is based on binary contrasts or semantic categories. Greimas places the abstract meanings of the text in a double opposing structure and depicts the dynamics of the meanings of the stories using the semiotic square. In this structure, binary pairs, one with a positive value and the other with a negative one, shapes a conceptual network, which determines the relationship between the implicit layers of the text and the underlying syntax of the narrative. The semiotic square is one of the dimensions of semiotics that illustrates the process of mobility and dynamics of speech, acting as the building block of the discourse system.
The semiotic structure of discourse consists of both formal and implicit meanings. Since the four elements are reliant on material imagination, and according to Bachelard theory, these elements also express implicit concepts and create double opposing images, the opposition of the natural elements in the story of Moses and Pharaoh can be analyzed based on the contradiction of semiotic square categories alongside Bachelard literary theory concerning the four elements. Bachelard analyzes literary images in accordance with the four elements of water, fire, earth and wind. To him, the literary image needs the representation of these elements for its development.
 
2. Questions and Hypotheses
 The primary question raised in the present study is “What is the role and function of opposing categories in deepening the story of Prophet Moses (pbuh) and Pharaoh?” The second question is “What is the message conveyed by four elements in the trajectory of the protagonist and antagonist? The third question is concerned with the effectiveness of the four elements, and their effect on the progress of the semiotic evolution of the story.
The assumption is that these elements are affirmative concepts in the protagonist axis and privative concepts in the antagonist axis. As regards the other two questions, the authors assume that the four natural elements have influenced the semiotic evolution of the story and deepen the implicit meanings.
 
3. Research method
The authors have used both theories of semiotic square and Bachelard theory of imagination criticism to study the semiotics of four elements in the story of Prophet Moses (pbuh) and Pharaoh in Surah Qasas. Thus, an integrated approach has been adopted in this paper. The authors first explain and analyze the four elements of water, wind, earth and fire based on Bachelard theory of imagination critique using a descriptive analytical method. Then, using the semiotic square, these elements are investigated in the form of opposing categories. By doing so, the authors  analyze the opposition of these elements as well as the trajectory of the protagonist (Prophet Moses (pbuh)) and antagonist’s (Pharaoh) actions in four affirmative and privative situations and their relationships.
 
4.Innovation
Despite the wealth of scholarly attention on semiotic theories, the semiotic square has been rarely applied to the analysis of Quranic stories. In this regard, the necessity and importance of the present research is not only limited to the analysis and application of this method to the analysis of Qur'anic stories, but also to the integration of this linguistic approach with Bachelard literary criticism, which is a new approach in the realm of literary and Qur'anic research.
 

1.  Results

Using the semiotic square and the four elements of Bachelard in the analysis of the story of Moses (pbuh), the authors found that these elements have contributed to advance the conjunctive and disjunctive discoursive processes of the story. In such a way, their formal meanings have deepened the implicit meanings in the story. As a result, the semiotic evolution has been successfully conveyed to the reader. The results also revealed that the four elements correspond to the community of Prophet Moses (pbuh) (Egyptian society). Water marks the beginning of human salvation. Fire symbolizes change and rebirth. Earth element is used more frequently in a prominent manner. Also, in the semantic axis of mission and guidance, the four elements of the communication axis create a contradictory opposition.
In the end, it should be argued that a certain linguistic acumen has been exercised in the selection of Quranic words by the narrator, which inspires tangible images for the reader. The immersion of Pharaoh and his companions in the sea is a familiar image for the Egyptian readers, for they believe that water embodies the annihilation of this world. Therefore, the richness of words in the story of Moses and the juxtaposition of linguistic combinations in producing thrilling and conceptual images should not be overlooked. Though an element of liberation, water may also indicate the end of life. In fact, the contradiction in nature has highlighted the beauty of the syntax and discourse of the story of Prophet Moses (pbuh), because beauty emerges from the juxtaposition of the opposites.

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Semiotics of discourse provides an opportunity to study how meaning is produced, functioned, and received in a processual system. Accordingly, the relations of signifiers, and the power of signifieds are not enough to show the production of signifiers and meanings. Also, the conditions and nature of discourse construction are examined too. In this regard, to study the process of the cognitive dimension system of Nahj al-Balaghah and the strategies of inducing cognition in the cognitive cycle and the role of the discourse partner, letter 31 entitled- His will for Hassan- son of Ali, which he wrote to him in Haderin” - Famous for the will - was selected and examined by analytical-descriptive method. The results showed that the speed and slowness of the persuasion process, strategies and tools to use it, including encouragement, warning and forbid in the letter, depends on the audience and the existence of ethical beliefs in the archive of his reference belief. Therefore, because Imam Hassan (AS) is an audience that has a common belief and reference belief with the narrator, cognitive variants in the cycle of cognitive process are offered quickly. In these circumstances, the existence of ethical belief precedes cognition and persuasion strategies, and the types of awareness that have the aspect of encouraging ethical action are used the most. Also, if there is a danger in the way of the audience reaching the valuable object, pseudo-right and wrong, the narrator uses the types of warning and Forbidden, which have the lowest number in the mentioned letter.

1. Introduction
After the holy Quran, the study of nahj al - balagha has always been the focus of attention among researchers and in recent years, discursive studies, its genesis processes, as a new approach, has attracted the attention of scholars., in this regard, this approach is the knowledge that studies the discourses in which discursive operations are a way to produce different and unexpected discourses. From this point of view, discourse becomes the location of recording the value, production, transformation, destructiveness, reconstruction and transformation of it to a new and different value.In this regard, the signifier is not separate from the signified and by placing in a processual system, the meaning can be achieved and not frozen and is plural because of its dynamic and inexhaustible nature. 

2. Literature Review
In this research, the letter of the 31th from nahj al - balagha was selected to study the cognitive aspect of discourse and how the process of its formation process was formed. The letter is known as the will because of having different instructions, such as moral matters that Imam Ali (peace be upon him) as the narrator, is seeking to induce it to Imam Hasan as the audience. Therefore, in this research, we seek to investigate how the audience is convinced by the narrator and its tools and mechanisms. Also, in this research, studying the relation of cognition with ethics to achieve convincing facilitate the reading of the text  as well as having reference to ideological belief in the background of audience 's belief too. 

3. Methodology
The time-area of the research in the discourse of 31 st nahj al - balagha is the year 38 and the location-area of the study is related to the time of return of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) from the Saffin war on the Haderin .This letter after the letter of Malik Ashtar, has the longest text and contains moral parts , self - purification , self - improvement and contemplation in thirty sections ., The subject of  Imam Ali 's letters mainly includes recommendations , messages , and instructions that it's audience are the enemies , agents , children and adherents .Therefore , it seems that the overall structure of the letters in comparison to the sermon due to its custom and informative nature is a kind of actional system which they describe as the legislator , the order and the way of action .The reason behind choosing the mentioned letter is the nature of the letter which is active due to having advice and the other is the presence of a discourse partner , Imam Hassan ( peace be upon him ) as a child to examine the narrator 's strategies to induce cognitive discourse .
Data analysis was done by collecting all quantitative samples. Then, due to the limitations of this article in the subject area, some cases have been selected which have more clarity  to demonstrate the concepts. After selecting samples, description and qualitative analysis were done using available data. After describing the selected samples, in comparison, all the species were collected and the frequency of each species was determined .It should be noted that the cognitive aspect of discourse in the letter does not imply denying other discourse aspects, but rather the criterion of cognitive discourse preference, the nature of imam 's letters and in particular the will in which the testator wants an action from the audience to do. Therefore, this paper first examines the cognitive system process to achieve its meaning and its tools as well as its relation with the ethics .It should also be noted that the ethics cycle and recognition of achievements and innovations of this paper have not yet been mentioned elsewhere.

                                                 4. Results         
The study of strategies of persuasion in the cognitive discourse of 31 nahj al - balagha , showed that the discourse partner in parallel with the narrator determines the strategies and action tools and persuasion .This means that if there is the ethics in the referral archive of the audience and his belief , in this case the recognition cycle is faced with acceleration , acceptance and speed of supply .In this case , it appears that ethics is preceded by the recognition and flow of persuasion .Also , in the case that there is no reference and belief in the audience 's belief archive, the recognition and process of persuasion is preceded by ethics.In this case , the recognition cycle is slowly or may be stopped because the cognitive process is obliged to produce , remove , replace, and reconstruct the recognition cycle in a more complex time frame .In fact, the more powerful the ways of persuasion can be produced, the more continuous the ethics these ethics   are remaining as defaults in the collective memory of the actors and facilitating the ground for further persuasion.
In fact, the results of the cognitive analysis of the letter show that this process is faced with the acceleration of supply, because of having audiences that have a common reference to the narrator. Thus, the narrator uses an informative species that is encouraged to ethics act. Also, because of the common belief between the two poles of discourse, the narrator and the discursive partner, the prohibitory is the least species identified in the letter and if the narrator uses prohibitory   species when he feels the danger in the path of achieving the object of value (i.e., not realizing the right of falsehood).

 

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In the present study, a new analytical model for Earth to Air Heat Exchanger is presented. To this end, transient energy equation is solved employing duhamel's theorem and the soil temperature distribution is achieved with the concept of G function. Then, the outlet temperature will be achieved by solving the energy equation along the length of heat exchanger. In comparison to previous models, the present results are in better agreement with those obtained experimentally. Parametric investigation and feasibility study of this system in Tehran has been made using this analytical model for summer season with two different input temperatures. Parametric investigation showed for each mass flow rate, the corresponding optimum diameter is gained. It is observed that optimum diameter is a function of mass flow rate and operation time and independent of soil and input temperature of heat exchanger. For major mass flow rate supply, utilization of heat exchangers with minor mass flow rate is suggested; accordingly the temperature of heat exchanger is decreased. The depth and distance between heat exchangers can be calculated by the present model. It is also revealed this system can solely supply thermal comfort in continuous summer operation for cities with cold climate and low annual average temperature.

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The plant Allium ampeloprasum, belonging to the Liliaceae family, is an important source of antioxidant compounds. In this study, the anti-radical and antioxidant activities, as well as the determination of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of this plant, were investigated. In this laboratory study, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Allium ampeloprasum were prepared by adding 50 grams of the plant and mixing it in a 1:5 ratio with distilled water or ethanol. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined by spectrophotometry, and the antioxidant activity of the plant at different concentrations was measured using the Cuprac method, DPPH free radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Data analysis was performed using SAS software and one-way analysis of variance. Based on the results, the total phenolic content in the aqueous extract was 86.9859 and 23.4 micrograms of gallic acid per milliliter in the alcoholic extract. The total flavonoid content was 42.81 in the aqueous extract and 345.54 micrograms of quercetin per milliliter in the alcoholic extract. Additionally, the total antioxidant capacity in the aqueous extract was 0.2362 and 0.3876 in the alcoholic extract, and the Cuprac method reported 0.0747 in the aqueous extract and 0.1992 in the alcoholic extract. The ferric reducing antioxidant power was 0.1041 in the aqueous extract and 0.0248 in the alcoholic extract, while the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 73.18 in the aqueous extract and 72.95 in the alcoholic extract. According to the study results, Allium ampeloprasum is a good source of antioxidant compounds, and its consumption can reduce oxidative damages in the body and improve health. Moreover, after extraction and purification, it can be used in pharmaceutical and food industries.
 

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A cinematic work is a type of work of art that in most national systems is subject to special rules compatible with the nature, type of this work and its thriving industry. In national law, despite the flourishing film industry in society and its numerous enthusiasts, it has not been legislated and does not have a set of rules governing it. One of the reasons for this gap is the lack of a precise definition of this work and the lack of recognition of its nature. The main question is what is the nature of the cinematic work in the existing legal gaps? With the definition of joint work in the current laws of intellectual property, according to the law of France and Iran, unlike England, India and the United States, the cinematographic work is considered a joint work, and in the review of other categories can be said that a cinematic work is a derivative, adapted, audio-visual work. In all the examined laws, the cinematic work is an adapted work, because the use of the elements of the original work and the change in the format in the second work and a relative originality in creativity and innovation to create an adapted work are mentioned in all the examined laws, so it should be considered The rights of adapted works should be implemented in the national legislation to respect the rights of the author of the original work and to protect the cinematographic work. Also, in French law, like Iranian law, a cinematic work is considered a joint work, so how to exploit this work in French law should be taken into consideration in the legislation for cinematic works in Iran

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