Showing 23 results for Mirzaee
Volume 1, Issue 2 (Summer 2020)
Abstract
Effects of neighbourhood environment and leisure time physical activity on the elderly
Volume 1, Issue 4 (Winter 2021)
Abstract
Special attention to physical activity in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: Clindamycin inducible resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) isolates can cause failure in treatment with this antibiotic. Biofilm production via polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) contributes in the colonization of S. aureus, resulting in the initiation of different diseases. The aim of this study was to detect icaADBC genes among isolates of S.aureus with inducible resistance to clindamycin. Materials and Methods: A total of 209 clinical S.aureus isolates werecollected and identified by conventional phenotypic tests. Isolates with inducible resistance to clindamycin were detected by double disk diffusion test (D-Test) using clindamycin (2 μg) and erythromycin (15 μg). Oxacillin was used to detect Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the icaADBC genes. Results: The rate of clindamycin inducible resistance was 4% (n=8). All the isolates were susceptible to methicillin. Four isolates (50%) contained the whole icaADBC genes. The prevalence of icaA, icaB, icaC and icaD genes were 5 (62.5%), 4 (50%), 6 (75%) and 5 (62.5%), respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that the prevalence of icaADBC genes among clindamycin inducible resistant strains was low, and also these strains were susceptible to methicillin.
Volume 2, Issue 3 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus can cause infections with a wide spectrum of illnesses ranging from benign skin infections to bloodstream infection leading to mortality. Antimicrobial resistance especially methicillin resistance in S. aureus (MRSA strains) is currently problematic. The emergence of MRSA infections has developed in both the healthcare and the community settings. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA and SCCmec types in Iran according to the previously published studies.
Methods: For this review, the terms of MRSA, Iran, methicillin, mecA and SCCmec types were searched in searching engines including Google scholar, PubMed, SciVerse, and Scopus. Data from veterinary sources were excluded. Data were analyzed with Graph Pad Prism 6 considering meta-analysis section.
Results: Among several studies and approximately of 1810 results, the prevalence of MRSA was determined as approximately 56.5%. In the year of 2015 and 2016, results exhibited a higher prevalence of MRSA (62.2%) compared to 2013 and 2014, although not exceeded from 46% in healthy individuals. Moreover, among the SCCmec types, the SCCmec Type III has been reported as the predominant type (60.48%) followed by Type IV (21.2%), Type I (17.72%), Type II (17.12%), and Type V (0.56%).
Conclusion: According to previous data, the prevalence of MRSA is increasing in Iran. However, it may be different for each year depending on several reasons. Moreover, the SCCmec Type III is the predominant type in the country. The SCCmec Type IV has also emerged in CA-MRSA isolates.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium and a part of the natural microflora of gastrointestinal tract in human body. K. pneumoniae has been known as one of the most common cause of nosocomial infections and multi-drug resistance pathogen. The aims of this study was to examine the detection of antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relatedness among K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitals in Borujerd in western Iran using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)–PCR technique.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from Borujerd hospitals from April to September 2015. After detection and confirmation of K. pneumoniae isolates by conventional laboratory methods and differential tests, antibiotic susceptibility was detected by disk diffusion method. Also, genetic relatedness of 34 selected MDR K. pneumoniae isolates were investigated by ERIC - PCR technique.
Results: Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that among K. pneumoniae isolates, the highest antibiotic resistance was observed in ampicillin (91%) and the highest susceptibility was detected in imipenem (5.5%). More than 45% of isolates showed multi resistant phenotypes. Based on ERIC-PCR results, 31 different ERIC types were detected.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the increase of multi resistance K. pneumoniae in hospitals under study. The results of ERIC PCR showed high genetic diversity among K. pneumoniae strains, which indicated the poly clonal distribution of K. pneumoniae isolates in Borujerd hospitals.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background: Enterococci play an important role in the spread of drug resistant genes and thus resistant strains. The dissemination of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) strains is one of the crucial issues in hospitals worldwide, especially among those hospitalized patients. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern and the prevalence rates of vanA, vanB, and vanC genes among Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from meat.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 181 isolates of E. faecalis isolated from consumed meat samples in Borujerd city. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method according to CLSI criteria. The prevalence rate of vanA and vanB genes in vancomycin resistant E. faecalis strains was identify by PCR technique.
Results: Of 181 Enterococci isolates, 100 strains (55.25%) were E. faesium, and 81 strains (44.75%) were E. faecalis. About 13 antibiotics were used in this study. The highest resistance was observed against erythromycin, linezolid, vancomycin, and penicillin antibiotics, and the lowest resistance was observed against meropenem; none of the isolates were resistant to nitrofurantoin and cefotaxime. A total of 68 isolates (83.95%) were resistant to vancomycin. Among the isolates, 38 isolates (46.9%) contained vanA gene, 21 isolates (25.9%) carried vanB gene, and 18 (22.2%) isolates contained vanA and vanB genes, but van C type was not detected in none of the isolates.
Conclusion: The presence of van gene in the majority of isolates is an indicator of resistant genes large reservoir in the strains rotation in the community. Furthermore, in order to limit the incidence of VRE, the use of antibiotics for human or animal should be taken with caution.
Volume 6, Issue 24 (12-2018)
Abstract
In this paper, the authors have tried to describe the rituals, customs, and rituals of mourning mentioned in two books of Galin-Khanum and Jawami ul-Hikayat tales, which contain the stories on the theme of death in folk tales, and how the ancient people are dealing with their grieves when disappearing one of their close relatives. Galin Khanum tales book contains 110 Persian tales and the book Jawami ul-Hikayat consists of 46 narrations, both of which are written in the folk tales. The result of this research which is based on bibliographic and descriptive-analytic resources, suggests that our ancestors, based on what has been mentioned in the works, have reacted to this inevitable event. The latter has been associated with ritualistic and cultural concepts of the community. These traditions are totally relevant and deserve to analysis. Behaviors like taking a black handkerchief in hand, tying a narrow black armpit to arm, blacken the royal palace etc. are among the rituals which are In some way, the expression of the continuation of life after death, the demand for forgiveness , mercy for decease and the creation of hope and motivation for the survivors.
Ali. Salemi, , Amir. Abdollah, Majid. Mirzaee,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (5-2010)
Abstract
This study is concerned with a correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties of 42CrMo4 steel which was subjected quenched-tempered and step-quenching heat treatment. Quench tempering and step quenching heat treatment produced a tempered martensite and an equiaxed Ferrite-Bainite-Martensite (F-B-M) microstructure, respectively. Tensile test results indicated a yield drop effect in F-B-M microstructure with ferritic matrix. This effect was not observed on the specimens with tempered martensite and F-B-M microstructure with hard phase B-M matrix. This effect can be attributed to dislocation generation in ferrite phase during bainitic and martensitic transformations. Fractographic investigations indicated intergranular cleavage in F-B-M microstructure and micro-void coalescence in tempered martensite microstructure can be attributed to carbide formation in martensitic structure during tempering micro-void coalescence in tempered martensite microstructure
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2010)
Abstract
There are a lot of approximation techniques for structural optimization. Among them, four
outstanding approximation methods have been selected for trusses optimization. These
approaches have been developed or modified by previous ones. Based on these schemes, a lot
of trusses have been optimized by author's program. This study shows that the abilities of the
mentioned methods are not the same and some of them have deficiencies. Reaching a better
solution, lesser analysis time, oscillation of response, numerical stability and also using a
variety of the design variables are among the findings of this work. A brief of these obtained
results has been given in the conclusion part.
Keywords: Nonlinear programming, Global optimum, Approximation methods, Convex
approximation, Structural analysis, Two and three dimensional trusses
Volume 11, Issue 53 (November and December 2023)
Abstract
Introduction
In the anthropological literature, the production, processing, distribution and consumption of food are considered to be the main elements of the culture of any community. What and how a person eats varies from period to period, place to place, and community to community. Food binds the personality of individuals and the identity of groups and becomes an important tool for social communication and understanding.
In anthropology, local communities, as they provide their food in close connection with nature and with the help of local knowledge, have always been a privileged field for research on food, its related cultural relations and food systems. This indigenous knowledge, which was the result of effective adaptation to the environmental conditions and acquiring knowledge from it, is rapidly being destroyed. In most cases, the current elders of the villages are considered as the last owners of native knowledge in various fields. In such a situation, the need to record and analyze the local food system, the evolution of the food pattern, its local sources and the effects of these changes on the health of the local people is revealed.
Theoretical foundations
From the viewpoint of functionalism, society is like a living organism, which will ensure the adaptation and connection among its members, the interdependence and survival of the society. In this view, ethnographies are mainly limited to the description and analysis of the food system of societies. But the structuralists have highlighted a wide range of perspectives, such as examining the capacities of human societies in the field of food preparation, processing, distribution and consumption, and most prominently, the semiotics of food in their research. In recent years, rather than following a specific approach in their research, anthropologists have benefited from various viewpoints and opinions and have applied historical, symbolic, material and development analyses in a unified approach.
Literature and food in Mazandaran
By using the linguistic semiology of food and the habits formed regarding that, it is possible to understand the culture, relations and rituals of a group or society. In fact, food represents distinctions and reinforces social constraints. The manner and cultural content of food, from one table to another, shows many distinctions and social characteristics. These distinctions are caused by beliefs, food ingredients, tastes and different cultural habits in the matter of food. Food beliefs, with their simple appearance, depict a small world of the culture of each society and help us understand human actions. This symbolic world represents itself through the language of cooking in everyday life.
In the Mazandarani language, the main adjectives used to describe the quality of food are exactly the same descriptive words used to describe human personality: cold, hot, raw, cooked, sour, bitter, sweet, spicy, sour, tasteless, stale, crisp, pleasant, strong, weak, watery, fresh, corrupted, damaged, etc. Mazandarani language is also very rich in other linguistic forms that create a symbolic link between food and social-emotional situations.
In the popular literature of Mazandaran, the use of the language of cooking and food in human interactions shows the position of this phenomenon in the culture. This literature has thousands of years of bitter and sweet experiences and has transferred the lived experiences of previous generations to the next generation in the shortest form. These proverbs direct how to live, think and behave, regulate relationships among people, classes and strata of society and determine its limits and gaps.
Beliefs about food in Mazandaran have a state of mind in which there is no empirical evidence, rational or necessarily logical reasons, but it is accepted as a certainty. The origins of these beliefs are different. These beliefs are slowly formed over many years in the context of culture, and the depth of culture can be found in them. Themes such as paying attention to the guest, the other, xenophobia, softening the situation, sanctifying food and paying attention to health are highlighted in Mazandarani proverbs.
Conclusion
From an anthropological point of view, food and what is formed around it is a cultural text that can be read to study the depth of the culture of any society. Classification of foods in Mazandaran culture, cultural identity through food, cultural and biological perceptions of appetite, hunger and overeating among Mazandaran’s shows the cultural meanings of food in Mazandaran. The symbolic roles of food in Mazandaran show how food plays a role in creating or breaking social bonds and opens a way to identify how social cohesion is realized in Mazandaran. Food and technology of preparation, production and consumption contain many messages and speak of various lifestyles. Food is one of the phenomena that has been formed over a long period of time in the indigenous system of the people of each ecosystem and has turned into a complex reservoir of indigenous knowledge.
Volume 12, Issue 1 (Winter 2024)
Abstract
Aims: The prevalent academic procrastination among medical students, who will assume significant responsibilities in the future, can have irreversible consequences. One of the underlying factors is the weakness of cognitive and metacognitive strategies, which can be taught and learned by professors and students. The present research was conducted to investigate the effect of teaching cognitive and metacognitive strategies virtually on the academic procrastination of medical students at Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental research employed a two-group before-and-after design and was conducted at the Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2023. The study included 70 medical students from Iran University of Medical Sciences, who were divided into control and intervention groups. Cognitive and metacognitive skills were presented virtually in four one-hour sessions. Data were collected using Solomon and Rothblum's Academic Procrastination Questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 16 software.
Findings: Initially, no significant difference was found between the scores of the participants in the two groups before the cognitive and metacognitive strategies course (p>0.05). However, a significant difference was observed between the scores of the two groups after the intervention (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The implementation of cognitive and metacognitive strategies training has a positive and significant influence on reducing academic procrastination among students
Volume 12, Issue 3 (10-2012)
Abstract
There is a very few experimental data on the mechanical behavior of unsaturated sand-fine mixture, particularly in constant water content conditions, because of the technical difficulties and time-consuming nature of measuring suction and deformation. This paper presents the results of a series of constant water constant triaxial tests on the specimens of an unsaturatedclayey silty sand in low confining pressure.The effective confining pressures selected in this study are 25, 50 and 100kPa. In comparison with the majority of experimental works, existing in the literature, these levelsof confining pressures are relatively low and this aspect is fewer focused.The effect of matric suction on stress-strain behavior of selected soil in different density and confining pressure is the main aim of the present study. The tests were carried out as Constant water content (CW test). This type of test represents field un-drained condition, where, the rate of loading is much quicker than the rate at which the pore water is able to drain out of the soil. Axis translation technique and double-walled triaxial cell have been used to measure the soil matric suction and variation of pore air volume respectively. Test specimens were prepared at two different compaction conditions prior to testing to achieve different initial density. According to the obtained results, it is found that the mechanical behavior of soil mainly depends on the initial density, the mean net stress and the initial matric suction. Also the volume and pore water pressure changes are totally different in specimens with different initial condition. However, the results of tests indicated that the shearing strength of sand-fine mixture increase non-linearly with matric suction.The results of tests show that the soil shear strength is increased with increasing in both effective confining and matric suction. However the effect of confining pressure is more significant than matric suction. The matric suction and confining pressure play an important role on volume changes of unsaturated soil, however the effect of confining pressure is more considerable. For all of the tests, the specimens were subjected to large axial strain. This allowed us to calculate the deviatoric and mean net stresses at critical state. The comparison of results in q: p-uacoordinate, indicate that, the position of critical state lines for unsaturated soil changes as a function of matric suction. However, these lines can be considered as parallel to each other.Deviatoric stress (q) intercept of critical state line increases with increasing matric suction. Besides, initial density for unsaturated specimens influences the shear resistance corresponding to large strains. However the tests results on saturated specimens, according to the classical critical state soil mechanics, indicated that, soil resistance at critical state is not a function of soil density.
Volume 14, Issue 1 (9-2022)
Abstract
Women in Qajar era are considered a social group that is further away from modern medicine, and accordingly foreign male physicians. They had a negative attitude towards foreign male doctors at a time, but gradually their tendency to modern medicine and foreign male physicians increased. The question of the present paper is: What factors have contributed to this tendency of women toward modern medicine and away from traditional medicine? Various factors appear to be of particular importance to the role of the court and the position of religious scholars. This article, carried out based on historical documents of the same period, has investigated this issue in order to explain the factors and consequences of not referring women to foreign male physicians, the role of court and religious scholars and the positive tendency of women to foreign male physicians and modern medicine.
Mohammad Hoseinpour, Masoud Abbaszadeh, Iraj Mirzaee,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract
Metal foams are a new class of materials which are used excessively in recent decade for their good physical and mechanical properties such as low density yet high strength, as well as their good thermal properties which turned them to a good thermal insulator. The main characteristic of the foams is the existence of pores in them which are distributed randomly. Because of the importance of these materials in engineering and other applications, there has been given importance to modeling of them. In this article, a new method has presented for modeling of closed-cell foams and a program has written in macro environment of CATIA software in Visual Basic language which made the modeling of metallic foams with controllable pore size and density possible. In continue, the effect of the pore size and the number of the holes on the relative density of the foams has studied. Comparing the properties of the modeled foams using the presented algorithm and real foams has shown a good agreement. The modeled foams have the ability to get into the finite-element software.
Pooria Akbarzad, Iraj Mirzaee, Mohammad Hassan Kayhani, Ebrahim Akbarzadeh,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (7-2014)
Abstract
Effect of boundary layer and its local separation on lift and drag coefficients, especially in the analysis of hydrodynamic behavior of hydrofoils is considered as an interesting subject for fluid mechanics researchers. Boundary layer control methods to increase the lift coefficient and reduce the drag coefficient, are very common. Aerodynamic study of flows at low Reynolds to special applications such as micro unmanned underwater vehicles, underwater robots and explorers are interested. For this reason in this study, the effect of fluid blowing and suction through upper surface of hydrofoils on flow control, lift and drag coefficients for flow under Re =500 and Re=2000 are investigated. Jameson’s finite volume method and power-law preconditioning method for analyzing viscous incompressible flows are presented. To control the boundary layer a jet with a width of 2.5% of chord length is placed on hydrofoil’s upper surface and results for different blowing (suction) parameters are introduced. Results show that, blowing far from leading edge at low blowing angel and perpendicular suction far from leading edge increase the lift coefficient. Also blowing with law velocity ratio and suction with large velocity ratio, has the better impact on increasing lift coefficient.
Volume 15, Issue 3 (5-2013)
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development. In the present study, the changes in lipid peroxidation rate and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined at different concentrations of PolyEthylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 (0, 5, 10, and 15% (w/v)) for two canola cultivars (SLM046 and Hyola 308). In order to produce water deficit, 12 days old canola seedlings were treated with PEG 6,000 in half strength Hoagland solution for 24 hours. PEG treatments increased the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, in roots and shoots of both cultivars; but for Hyola 308 cultivar, the rate of increase of MDA was higher than SLM046 cultivar. In addition, drought did not have any significant effect on MDA content in roots of SLM046 cultivar. On the other hand, water stress increased Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) antioxidant enzyme activities of both shoots and roots of the studied cultivars; but activity of these antioxidants in SLM046 cultivar was obviously higher than in Hyola 308 cultivar. These results showed a higher water stress tolerance for SLM046 cultivar.
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2016)
Abstract
In this investigation, seismic response of steel structures utilizing Cylindrical Frictional Dampers (CFD) is studied. CFD is an innovative frictional damper which comprises two principal elements, the shaft and the hollow cylinder. These two elements are assembled such that one is shrink-fitted inside the other. If the damper’s axial force overcomes the static friction load, the shaft inside the cylinder will move and results in considerable mechanical energy absorption. To assess the efficacy of CFD, various steel frames are constructed and analyzed . Nonlinear time history analyses and Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) are applied to the frames and clear distinction has been drawn between the frames comprising CFD and the counterparts without CFD to emphasize the effectiveness of CFD in altering seismic responses. The results show that CFD extremely improves the seismic response of the structure. Frictional devices dissipate energy through friction caused by two solid bodies sliding relative to each other. The idea of using frictional dampers was first proposed by Pall (1979). Pall and Marsh (1982) proposed frictional dampers installed at the crossing joint of the X-brace. Tension in one of the braces forces the joint to slip thus activating four links, which in turn force the joint in the other brace to slip. This device is usually called the Pall frictional damper (PFD). B. Wu et al. (2005) introduced improved Pall frictional damper (IPFD) which replicates the mechanical properties of the PFD, but offers some advantages in terms of ease of manufacture and assembly. Sumitomo friction damper (1990) utilizes a more complicated design. The pre-compressed internal spring exert a force that is converted through the action of inner and outer wedges into a normal force on the friction pads. Fluor Daniel Inc., has developed and tested other type of friction device which is called Energy Dissipating Restraint (EDR) (1994). The design of this friction damper is similar to Sumitomo friction damper since this device also includes an internal spring and wedges encased in a steel cylinder. The EDR utilizes steel and bronze friction wedges to convert the axial spring force into normal pressure on the cylinder. Constantine et al. (1990) proposed frictional dampers composed of a sliding steel shaft and two frictional pads clamped by high strength bolts. Grigorian et al. (1998) studied the energy dissipation effect of a joint with slotted holes both analytically and experimentally. Mualla and Belev (2002) proposed a friction damping device and carried out tests for assessing the friction pad material. Cho and Kwon (2004) proposed a wall-type friction damper in order to improve the seismic performance of the reinforced concrete structures. Recently Mirtaheri et.al. (2011) proposed an innovative type of frictional damper called cylindrical friction damper (CFD). In contrast with other frictional dampers the CFDs do not use high-strength bolts to induce friction between contact surfaces. This reduces construction costs, simplifies design computations and increase reliability in comparison with other types of frictional dampers.
Volume 16, Issue 90 (August 2019)
Abstract
However, the beneficial effects of fish oil, which is fortified in omega-3 fatty acids, is known. But its high sensitivity to oxidation and the formation of undesirable compounds has limited its use in food systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the encapsulation of fish oil in chitosan-stearic acid nanogel, by Pickering emulsion method and import it into a food system (Gummy candy) and investigation the physicomechanical properties of the product. Initially, chitosan-stearic acid nanogel was created by self-assemble method and the results of FTIR confirmed the successful connection between chitosan and stearic acid. Also, SEM image showed that the nanoparticles formation was spherical nearly. In the next step, fish oil Pickering emulsions were prepared in different concentrations using chitosan-stearic acid nanogel and used in formulation of gummy candy and in continue, the texture profile analysis (TPA) and also the measurements of the color indexes of the samples were performed. The results of TPA showed that the existence of the nanogel, increased the Springiness (from% 88.5 to% 92.5) and adhesion (from Ns 0.33 to Ns 0.63) and reduced the hardness (from N 178.6 to N 125.8) of texture of gummy candy samples. On the other hand, the presence of fish oil reduced all of the texture indexes. About the color indexs, the nanogel decreased the L (from 58.13 to 56.46) and a (from -5.5 to -4.4) indexes. Also, the results showed that fish oil in combination with nanogels reduced the color indexes.
Volume 17, Issue 2 (Summer 2013)
Abstract
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Volume 19, Issue 133 (February 2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to enrich apple leather with pomegranate seed oil encapsulated with chitosan-soy isolate protein particles and to further investigate the color, texture and organoleptic properties of apple leather. At first, chitosan-soy protein isolate complex particles were prepared and then they were used to stabilize pomegranate seed oil emulsions (20, 30 and 50% oil). The results of the creaming index showed that the 20% emulsion had the lowest amount of creaming index after 14 days of storage. Next, the droplet size and viscosity of the 20% emulsion were evaluated. The results showed that the size of the emulsion droplets was about 1 µm and the flow behavior of the emulsion was Newtonian. Then, the effect of pomegranate seed oil emulsion (0.2, 0.5 and 1%) on the color, texture and organoleptic properties of apple leather was investigated. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the apple leather without emulsion had a lighter color compared to the samples with a higher percentage of emulsion. The overall acceptability of apple leather for the control and the sample with 0.2% emulsion was not significantly different, and therefore it can be said that the use of pomegranate seed oil in apple leather in the form of emulsion up to 0.2% is suitable.
